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Benjamin L. Cardin

Benjamin L. Cardin

D MD · Senate

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Policy Effects

Estimated effects on people, organizations, and industries in bills this legislator sponsored, cosponsored, or voted on. Includes bills they voted against.

These are assessments of legislative text, not measurements of realized outcomes or the legislator’s intent.

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What the effects and counts mean

Potential benefits are effects assessed as favorable to the named group. Potential burdens impose costs, restrictions, risks, or lost opportunities on that group.

Mixed effects contain countervailing effects on the same group. Unclear effects have an undetermined direction. A group can have separate benefits and burdens; these are counted separately.

Counts describe the number of identified effects, not their size or public value. Bill and clause counts are distinct within each view. Shared evidence may appear under several groups or policy areas, so their counts should not be added together.

Historical bill versions are included. Clauses analyzed in different versions count separately. A bill’s current status does not establish that every analyzed provision was enacted.

Only direct effects with high or medium confidence in the policy-area assignment are included. Bills are connected through sponsorship, cosponsorship, or Yea/Nay votes; a vote against a bill does not reverse its assessed effects. Vote dates filter recorded votes and vote-linked bills; sponsorship remains included.

Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

All Industries Administrative And Support Services Administrative Services Advertising Agricultural Producers Agricultural Trade Associations Agriculture All Industries Ambulatory Health Care Ambulatory Health Care Services Aquaculture Business Associations Civic Organizations Civil Rights Advocacy Community Health Centers Construction Consumers Corrections & Detention Cross-Industry Defense Disaster Relief And Emergency Management Education Educational Services Electronic Shopping Energy Environment Ethnic/Cultural Groups Federal Administration Federal Land Management Financial Services Fisheries Management Fishing & Forestry Food & Beverage Foreign Actors Foreign Affairs Foreign Businesses Foreign Entities Foreign Political Actors General Public Government Health Care Providers Healthcare Homeowners Hospice Care Immigrant Communities Immigration Individual Investors International Development International Organizations Investigation And Security Services Investment Fund Management Judiciary Labor Language Services Law Enforcement Lobbying Manufacturing Marine Infrastructure Measuring And Controlling Devices Media & Entertainment Military Museums And Cultural Institutions National Security Nonprofit And Volunteer Organizations Nonprofits Nuclear Energy Offices Of Physicians Oil & Gas Other Other Services Pharmaceuticals Philanthropy Political Campaigns Political Candidates Political Donors Political Organizations Professional Services Real Estate Regulated Industries Religious Organizations Renewable Energy Reproductive Medicine Research & Science Retail Sanctioned Entities Security Services Security Systems Services Small Business Social Services Sporting Goods Stores State & Local Government Taxpayers Technology Telecommunications Tourism Trade Transportation Tribal Nations Utilities Veterans Water Infrastructure

sres606-118

Cosponsor In Committee

To recognize the 203rd anniversary of the independence of Greece and celebrating democracy in Greece and the United States.

1 clause Mar 21, 2024

s4048-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To reauthorize the North American Wetlands Conservation Act.

0 clauses Mar 21, 2024

s4004-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Horse Protection Act to designate additional unlawful acts under the Act, strengthen penalties for violations of the Act, improve Department of Agriculture enforcement of the Act, and for other purposes.

1 clause Mar 20, 2024

s3987-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To protect stateless persons in the United States, and for other purposes.

3 clauses Mar 20, 2024

s3964-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend title 23, United States Code, with respect to the highway safety improvement program, and for other purposes.

1 clause Mar 14, 2024

sres575-118

Cosponsor In Committee

Declaring racism a public health crisis.

1 clause Mar 6, 2024

s3854-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To combat transnational repression abroad, to strengthen tools to combat authoritarianism, corruption, and kleptocracy, to invest in democracy research and development, and for other purposes.

21 clauses Feb 29, 2024
Foreign Entities Civic Organizations Defense Government

s4-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to revise the criteria for determining which States and political subdivisions are subject to section 4 of the Act, and for other purposes.

20 clauses Feb 29, 2024
Tribal Nations Nonprofits Political Campaigns State & Local Government

sres568-118

Cosponsor

Designating the week of February 26 through March 1, 2024, as Public Schools Week.

0 clauses Feb 28, 2024

sres565-118

Cosponsor In Committee

Condemning democratic backsliding in Hungary.

1 clause Feb 26, 2024

sres559-118

Cosponsor In Committee

Recognizing the actions of the Rapid Support Forces and allied militia in the Darfur region of Sudan against non-Arab ethnic communities as acts of genocide.

1 clause Feb 12, 2024

sres551-118

Cosponsor

Celebrating Black History Month.

1 clause Feb 8, 2024

s3791-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To reauthorize the America's Conservation Enhancement Act, and for other purposes.

95 clauses Feb 8, 2024
Environment Agriculture Government General Public

sres553-118

Cosponsor

Honoring the life of Jean A. Carnahan, former Senator for the State of Missouri.

0 clauses Feb 8, 2024

s3748-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Help America Vote Act of 2002 to increase voting accessibility for individuals with disabilities and older individuals, and for other purposes.

23 clauses Feb 7, 2024

s3764-118

Cosponsor Passed Senate

To extend and authorize annual appropriations for the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom through fiscal year 2026.

0 clauses Feb 7, 2024

s3705-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To protect individuals who face reprisals for defending human rights and democracy by enhancing the capacity of the United States Government to prevent, mitigate, and respond in such cases, and for other purposes.

10 clauses Jan 31, 2024
Nonprofits International Organizations Government General Public

s3712-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 to treat United States Citizenship and Immigration Services field offices as voter registration agencies, and for other purposes.

2 clauses Jan 31, 2024

s3688-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To increase the rates of pay under the statutory pay systems and for prevailing rate employees by 7.4 percent, and for other purposes.

2 clauses Jan 30, 2024

s3657-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to enhance the Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit and make the credit fully refundable for certain taxpayers.

2 clauses Jan 24, 2024

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Explore affected groups in Policy Effects to view supporting evidence. Existing clause links also open here.