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Rand Paul

Rand Paul

R KY · Senate

2025–Present Senate
2023–2025 Senate
2021–2023 Senate
2019–2021 Senate
2017–2019 Senate
2015–2017 Senate
2013–2015 Senate
2011–2013 Senate
Vote Date:
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Vote dates filter recorded votes and vote-linked bills; sponsorship remains included.

Policy Effects

Estimated effects on people, organizations, and industries in bills this legislator sponsored, cosponsored, or voted on. Includes bills they voted against.

These are assessments of legislative text, not measurements of realized outcomes or the legislator’s intent.

Explore policy areas

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What the effects and counts mean

Potential benefits are effects assessed as favorable to the named group. Potential burdens impose costs, restrictions, risks, or lost opportunities on that group.

Mixed effects contain countervailing effects on the same group. Unclear effects have an undetermined direction. A group can have separate benefits and burdens; these are counted separately.

Counts describe the number of identified effects, not their size or public value. Bill and clause counts are distinct within each view. Shared evidence may appear under several groups or policy areas, so their counts should not be added together.

Historical bill versions are included. Clauses analyzed in different versions count separately. A bill’s current status does not establish that every analyzed provision was enacted.

Only direct effects with high or medium confidence in the policy-area assignment are included. Bills are connected through sponsorship, cosponsorship, or Yea/Nay votes; a vote against a bill does not reverse its assessed effects. Vote dates filter recorded votes and vote-linked bills; sponsorship remains included.

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

All Industries Academic Institutions Affected Communities Agricultural Industry Agricultural Marketing Service Agricultural Producers Agriculture Air Force Global Strike Command Airport Authorities Airport Grants Airport Infrastructure Airport Operators Alcohol Beverage Industry All Businesses All Industries Allied Nations Alternative Fuel Industry Ambulatory Health Care Services AmeriCorps Amphibious Vessel Industry Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Welfare Organizations Appraisal Industry Architect Of The Capitol Architecture & Engineering Army Corps Of Engineers Army Leadership Arts And Cultural Institutions Asian Development Fund Audiology Services Automotive Beverages Biofuels Bond Markets Bureau Of Reclamation Business Associations Business Entities Business Owners And Operators COPS Grants Cannabis Capitol Police Force Capitol Tours Carbon Sequestration Industry Charitable Contributors Chinese Companies Chinese Entities Civic & Social Organizations Civic Organizations Civil Liberties Civil Rights Advocacy Civil Society Organizations Civilian Mariners Clean Hydrogen Production Climate Tech Cloud Services Coast Guard Coast Guard Facilities Coast Guard Firefighting Services Coast Guard Leadership Coast Guard Legal Professionals Coast Guard Medical Personnel Coast Guard Members Coast Guard Personnel Coastal Communities Coastal Restoration College Students Commercial Air Transport Commercial Space Commercial Space Industry Commercial Space Industry Experts Community Anti-Drug Organizations Community Development Community Development Finance Community Development Investing Community Development Organizations Community Health Centers Community Organizations Commuters Congress Congressional Budget Office Congressional Committees Congressional Families Congressional Offices Congressional Security Congressional Staff Congressionally Directed Spending Construction Consumers Convention & Trade Show Organizers Corporate Debtors Corrections Corrections & Detention Credit Intermediation Credit Intermediation And Related Activities Credit Reporting Creditors Criminal Defendants Criminal Offenders Critical Infrastructure Cryptocurrency Cuban Americans And Their Families Cuban Americans Eligible For Claims Cultural Institutions Custodial Services Custody Services Cyber Threat Actors Cycling Industry Defense Denied Enlistees Department Of Health And Human Services Department Of Homeland Security Department Of State Department Of The Interior Depository Credit Intermediation Detention Facilities Development Finance Institutions Digital Asset Exchanges Diplomacy Diplomatic Corps Diplomatic Service Diplomatic Services Disability Support Services Disaster Assistance Recipients Disaster Relief And Emergency Management Disaster Relief Funding Disaster-Affected Regions District Of Columbia Divided Families Domestic Businesses Dredging Industry Drug Enforcement Administration Economic Actors In Western Balkans Economic Development Economic Development Organizations Education Educational Services Election Assistance Commission Election Systems Industry Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Emergency Funding Emergency Management Services Emerging Leaders Employment Training Energy Environment Estate Planning Events & Tourism Family Health Information Centers Farm Credit Programs Farm Service Agency Federal Administration Federal Appropriations Federal Budget Offices Federal Budget Programs Federal Civil Service Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Federal Programs Federal Regulation Federal Regulatory Agencies Federal Transit Administration Finance Financial Services Firearms Firearms Industry Firefighting Services Fish Processing Industry Fisheries Industry Fishing & Forestry Food & Beverage Foreign Adversaries Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs Programs Foreign Agents Foreign Allies Foreign Assistance Programs Foreign Businesses Foreign Countries Foreign Entities Foreign Entities Engaged In Prohibited/Notifiable Technologies Foreign Issuers Foreign Organizations Foreign Private Issuers Foreign Renewable Fuel Producers Foreign Terrorist Organizations Foreign Visitors Foster Care Programs Fuel Distribution Companies Future Beneficiaries Gambling And Betting Services Gambling Industry Participants General Contractors And Suppliers General Foreign Entities General Industry General Industry In China General Public General Services Administration Global Business Global Fisheries Industry Government Government Contractors Government Employees Governments And Aid Organizations Green Building Services Green Finance HVAC & Air Quality HVAC Industry Health Care Health Care Providers Health Care Services Health Organizations Health Programs Health Resources And Services Administration Healthcare Hemp Industry High-Income Individuals Highway Infrastructure Highway Trust Fund Historical Aircraft Preservation Organizations Homeless Assistance Grants Homeless Service Providers Homeowners Hospitality And Tourism Industry Households Human Trafficking Related Entities Humanitarian Organizations IT Services Illegal Activities Illegal Drug Trafficking Immigrant Communities Immigration Indian Health Service Indigenous Affairs Indigenous Communities Individual And Family Services Individual Contributors Individual Investors Individual Savers Information Security Information Services Infrastructure Management International Affairs Professionals International Allies Of The U.S. International Business International Commerce International Cooperation Programs International Development International Development Finance International Development Organizations International Development Professionals International Development Projects International Drug Trafficking International Finance International Fisheries Management International Governments International Organizations International Travelers Investigation & Security Services Investment Advice Investment And Development Companies Investment Fund Management Job Seekers Judicial Branch Judiciary Labor Large Corporations Law Enforcement Legislation Legislative Bodies Legislative Body Loan Guarantees Lobbying Local Communities Low-Income Households Manufacturing Marine Industry Marine Salvage Industry Media & Entertainment Medical Beneficiaries Medical Professionals Merchant Wholesalers Mergers And Acquisitions Military Mining Motor Vehicle Owners Multi-State Businesses Multifamily Development Museums Music Industry Music Production NATO Allies Nation Nation States National Archives And Records Administration National Health Service Corps National Laboratories National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration National Security Native Hawaiian Enterprises Native Hawaiian Organizations Natural Resource Trustees Nature Parks And Other Similar Institutions Naval Operations Naval Ship Maintenance Naval Ship Maintenance Services Naval Support Facilities Naval Surface Vessel Maintenance Industry Naval Vehicles Navy Ship Maintenance Navy Ships Newspaper, Periodical, And Digital Publishers Non-DoD Organizations Non-Governmental Organizations Non-compliant Governments Nonprofits Nuclear Energy Nursing Care Facilities Office Of Justice Programs Office Of Management And Budget Office Of Navajo And Hopi Indian Relocation Office Of The Attending Physician Offices Of Physicians Oil & Gas Oil Refining Opioid Trafficking Organ Transplantation Organized Crime Pass-Through Entities Personal Finance Personal Savings Personal Vehicle Owners Pharmaceuticals Philanthropic Organizations Physicians Offices Political Contributors Political Entities Political Leadership Port And Harbor Operations Port And Waterway Management Port Authorities Port Infrastructure Poultry Production Primary Care Services Printing And Related Support Activities Prison Population Private Detention Private Sector Private Sector Investment Professional Development Professional Services Qualified Pass-Through Entities Quality Measurement Real Estate Recent Graduates / Entry-Level Professionals Recreation Refugee Admissions RegTech Regulated Industries Regulatory Agency Religious Organizations Relocation Services Renewable Energy Renewable Fuel Producers Research & Science Residential Residential Homeowners Retail Retirement Savers Rural Communities SSI Beneficiaries Safety Training Seafood Industry Security Forces Security Services Self-Employment Shipbuilding Small Business Social Security Social Services Space Agency Space Industry Space Launch Services Sporting Goods Stores Sports & Recreation State & Local Government State Department Office Of Inspector General State Regulation Student Borrowers Students And Families Sugar Industry Syrian Opposition Groups TANF Tanker Security Program Tanning Services Tax Advisory Tax Preparation Services Tax-Exempt Organizations Taxpayers Technology Telecommunications Temporary Residents Tenant-Based Rental Assistance Textile Industry Tobacco Products Tourism Tourism & Hospitality Trade Trade Associations Transit Agencies Transnational Organized Crime And Foreign Malign Influence Actors Transportation Travel Industry Travel Services Tribal Nations Trust And Estate Planning Services U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Customs And Border Protection U.S. Department Of State U.S. Department Of The Treasury U.S. Investors U.S. Residents U.S. State Department Leadership Unemployment Trust Fund United States Capitol Police United States Central Command United States Coast Guard United States European Command United States Secret Service Unmanned Aircraft Systems Unmanned Systems Industry Unmanned Systems Operators Urban Development Urban Planning Services Utilities Veterans Volunteers WIC Waste Management Water Infrastructure Weather & Ocean Services Western Balkans Economy Whistleblowers Wildfire Suppression Wildlife Trafficking Worker Safety Training Youth Programs
Clear

sjres108-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sales to the Government of Ukraine of certain defense articles and services.

1 clause Feb 12, 2026

sjres101-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sales to Taiwan of certain defense articles and services.

1 clause Jan 5, 2026

sjres98-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress.

2 clauses Dec 3, 2025

s3072-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To prohibit the imposition of additional tariffs on coffee imported from countries to which the United States has extended normal trade relations, and for other purposes.

2 clauses Oct 29, 2025
Government Trade

sjres90-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress.

2 clauses Oct 16, 2025

s1293-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

No Taxation Without Representation Act of 2025

3 clauses Apr 3, 2025

s952-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A bill to amend the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States to provide a uniform 8-digit subheading number for all whiskies.

1 clause Mar 11, 2025

s485-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny Act of 2025

17 clauses Feb 6, 2025
Nonprofits Government Regulated Industries Recreation

s128-119

Cosponsor In Committee

SAVE Act

4 clauses Jan 16, 2025

s5512-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To restore the integrity of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and for other purposes.

5 clauses Dec 12, 2024

s5066-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To require the approval of Congress for the President to impose duties on the importation of articles into the United States.

3 clauses Sep 17, 2024

s4667-118

Primary Sponsor Reported

To amend title 31, United States Code, to establish the Life Sciences Research Security Board, and for other purposes.

18 clauses Jul 10, 2024
Government General Public Pharmaceuticals Defense

s4373-118

Primary Sponsor Reported

To provide for congressional approval of national emergency declarations.

26 clauses May 21, 2024
Government General Public All Industries Trade

s2552-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To provide for the independent and objective conduct and supervision of audits and investigations relating to the programs and operations funded with amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to Ukraine for military, economic, and humanitarian aid.

11 clauses Jul 26, 2023

s1323-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To create protections for financial institutions that provide financial services to State-sanctioned marijuana businesses and service providers for such businesses, and for other purposes.

14 clauses Apr 26, 2023
Retail Government Credit Intermediation Small Business

s1247-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the First Step Act of 2018 to permit defendants convicted of certain offenses to be eligible for reduced sentences, and for other purposes.

1 clause Apr 20, 2023
Law Enforcement

s1132-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To allow sponsors of certain new drug applications to rely upon investigations conducted in certain foreign countries, and for other purposes.

2 clauses Mar 30, 2023

sres200-118

Cosponsor

Expressing support for the designation of the week of April 30, 2023, through May 6, 2023, as National Small Business Week to celebrate the contributions of small businesses and entrepreneurs in every community in the United States.

1 clause Mar 4, 2023

s524-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To eliminate the disparity in sentencing for cocaine offenses, and for other purposes.

1 clause Feb 16, 2023

s29-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To provide remedies to members of the Armed Forces discharged or subject to adverse action under the COVID–19 vaccine mandate.

2 clauses Jan 24, 2023

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Explore affected groups in Policy Effects to view supporting evidence. Existing clause links also open here.