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Rand Paul

Rand Paul

R KY · Senate

2025–Present Senate
2023–2025 Senate
2021–2023 Senate
2019–2021 Senate
2017–2019 Senate
2015–2017 Senate
2013–2015 Senate
2011–2013 Senate
Vote Date:
to

Defense

-59
Helped 769 Hurt 828 Unclear 512

Healthcare

+57
Helped 295 Hurt 238 Unclear 182

Finance

-36
Helped 223 Hurt 259 Unclear 82

Agriculture

+109
Helped 279 Hurt 170 Unclear 108

Veterans Affairs

+184
Helped 326 Hurt 142 Unclear 80

Energy

-35
Helped 208 Hurt 243 Unclear 78

Education

-13
Helped 127 Hurt 140 Unclear 78

Appropriations

+93
Helped 203 Hurt 110 Unclear 17

Trade

+18
Helped 140 Hurt 122 Unclear 27

Federal Budget

+162
Helped 207 Hurt 45 Unclear 36

Housing

+90
Helped 158 Hurt 68 Unclear 13

Transportation

-48
Helped 69 Hurt 117 Unclear 47

Immigration

-116
Helped 31 Hurt 147 Unclear 37

Government Operations

-6
Helped 55 Hurt 61 Unclear 69

Technology

+11
Helped 79 Hurt 68 Unclear 29

Environment

-52
Helped 48 Hurt 100 Unclear 22

Labor

-21
Helped 42 Hurt 63 Unclear 43

Science & Space

+6
Helped 67 Hurt 61 Unclear 15

Criminal Justice

+19
Helped 74 Hurt 55 Unclear 10

Foreign Policy

0
Helped 58 Hurt 58 Unclear 19
20 policy domains
Helped Hurt Mixed Unclear

Industry Impact Profile

10368 industry impacts

All entities →
How this is computed

P Primary sponsor · C Co-sponsor · Y Yea vote · N Nay vote

Weighted score (w:) uses strongest role per bill. Weights: Primary 1.0, Co-sponsor 0.3, Yea 0.1, Nay -0.1.

Bills where the legislator voted nay (without sponsorship) contribute -0.1 per bill. Equal yea and nay roll calls on the same bill contribute 0.

Vote date filters affect vote attribution; sponsorship is always included.

Positive-Effect Industries

Direct (1328), Veterans Affairs (114), Defense (93), DoD (33), VA (19), Executive (16), USDA (16), Legislative (13), Congress (12), Treasury (12), Agriculture (11), CMS (9), NPS (7), State (7), Justice (6), Oversight (6), DOJ (4), Education (4), Foreign Affairs (4), ICE (4), Judiciary (4), DHS (3), Transportation (3), Cemeteries (2), FDA (2), FEMA (2), Housing (2), Interior/USDA (2), International Development (2), Local (2), Military Logistics (2), NASA (2), SBA (2), SSA (2), Defense R&D (1), HHS (1), Intelligence (1), Judicial (1), Manufacturing (1)
Direct (246), Veterans (121), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2)
Direct (212), Naval (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1), Missiles (1), Missiles/Hypersonics (1), Nuclear C3 (1), Rotorcraft (1), Small Business (1), Small/Innovative (1), Space Systems (1)
Direct (179), Research (15), Community (3), Tribal (3)
Direct (154), Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2)
Direct (154), Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
Direct (140), Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)

Negative-Effect Industries

Direct (955), Defense (66), Veterans Affairs (66), EPA (22), NPS (11), FDA (9), Education (8), Agriculture (7), BLM (7), Forest Service (7), HHS (7), Foreign (5), CFPB (4), Judiciary (4), Treasury/IRS (4), VA (4), DHS (3), Executive (3), Legislative (3), NOAA (3), NOAA/EPA (3), SEC (3), Acquisition (2), Congress (2), DOJ (2), Defense Acquisition (2), Intelligence (2), Military (2), Coast Guard (1), DoD (1), Energy/Defense (1), Executive Agencies (1), Health (1), Housing (1), Interior Department (1), NNSA (1), Space Force (1), Strategic Command (1), Treasury (1), U.S. Coast Guard (1), USDA (1), Waste Management (1)
Direct (144), Nuclear (2), Logistics (1), Maintenance (1)
Direct (100), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2), Reproductive Health (2), Safety Net Providers (2)
Direct (65), Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (1), Foreign Adversary (1)

Click any row to see supporting clauses

Showing positive and negative-direction effects only. Mixed and uncertain effects are not included in these counts.

Votes by Industry (Yea/Nay Alignment)

How this legislator's Yea/Nay votes landed across industries; distinct from overall bill exposure above.

Analysis coverage
100.0% of votes
Show vote-alignment table
S+ Supported Benefits
S- Supported Burdens
O+ Opposed Benefits
O- Opposed Burdens
Industry S+ S- O+ O- Net
Government (58 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans Affairs (180), Defense (158), DoD (34), VA (23), EPA (22) +53 more
-721
General Public (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans (141), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2), Taxpayers (1)
-224
Defense (14 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Naval (2), Nuclear (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1) +9 more
-58
Military (2 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Families (1), Space Force (1)
- -95
Healthcare (8 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Research (15), Community (3), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Tribal (3), Family Planning Services (2) +3 more
- -85
Education (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)
-50
Construction (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
- -119
Taxpayers - - -18
Agriculture (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2), Coffee Production (1)
- - -140
Manufacturing (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (2), Defense (1), Foreign Adversary (1)
-1
Transportation - +13
Immigration - - +107
Financial Services (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): HSA (7), HSA Administration (2), Transgender Individuals (1)
- -31
State & Local Government (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (4), Non-Expansion (3)
- - -19
Energy (1 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Distributed Generation (1)
- - -22

Votes are cast on entire bills; attribution to individual clauses does not imply clause-level intent. Learn more

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

s532-118

Primary Sponsor

To preserve and protect the free choice of individual employees to form, join, or assist labor organizations, or to refrain from such activities.

1 clause
Consumers Federal Government Regulated Industries

sres755-119

Cosponsor

A resolution honoring the life of the Honorable Donald W. Riegle, Jr., former Senator for the State of Michigan.

0 clauses Jun 1, 2026

s4583-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Legalizing Premium Health Care Act of 2026

3 clauses May 20, 2026
Disaster Relief And Emergency Management Lobbying Healthcare Consumers Federal Government

sres738-119

Cosponsor

A resolution recognizing the significance of Jewish American Heritage Month and calling on elected officials and civil society leaders to counter antisemitism.

1 clause May 19, 2026
Education

sres739-119

Cosponsor

A resolution honoring the life and legacy of John Seymour, the late Senator for the State of California.

0 clauses May 19, 2026

sres735-119

Cosponsor

A resolution designating the week of May 10 through May 16, 2026, as "National Police Week".

1 clause May 14, 2026
Law Enforcement

s4537-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A bill to repeal the Military Selective Service Act.

1 clause May 14, 2026
Consumers Federal Government Regulated Industries

s4486-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

A bill to amend title 3, United States Code, to prescribe a process to authorize certain activities at the Executive Residence at the White House, and for other purposes.

1 clause May 11, 2026
Transportation

sres723-119

Cosponsor

A resolution honoring the life of Dirk Arthur Kempthorne, former United States Senator for the State of Idaho.

0 clauses May 11, 2026

sjres189-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to protect United States citizenship.

2 clauses Apr 29, 2026
Consumers Immigrant Communities Homeowners Federal Government

sres682-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A resolution expressing the sense of the Senate by condemning the handling of the 2019 Ukraine Whistleblower Complaint, calling for the Department of Justice to initiate an investigation and prosecution of the matter, and declaring the impeachment of President Donald J. Trump by the House of Representatives lacks legitimacy.

1 clause Apr 20, 2026
Environmental Services

s4315-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Hemp Safety Enforcement Act

1 clause Apr 16, 2026
Federal Administration Health Care Providers

s4013-119

Cosponsor In Committee

National Constitutional Carry Act

3 clauses Mar 5, 2026
Financial Services Defense Contractors

s3868-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Count the Crimes to Cut Act

1 clause Feb 12, 2026
Health Care Providers

sjres108-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sales to the Government of Ukraine of certain defense articles and services.

1 clause Feb 12, 2026
Foreign Businesses Consumers Transportation Federal Government

s3853-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

End the Vaccine Carveout Act

1 clause Feb 11, 2026
Federal Administration Health Care Providers

s3850-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Effective Assistance of Counsel in the Digital Era Act

1 clause Feb 11, 2026
Labor

s3752-119

Cosponsor In Committee

SAVE America Act

2 clauses Jan 29, 2026
Federal Administration Health Care Providers Defense Contractors

sjres104-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.

0 clauses Jan 29, 2026

s3713-119

Cosponsor In Committee

No Climate Treaties Act of 2026

2 clauses Jan 28, 2026
Energy Production
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Policy Mechanisms Used

Industry Focus Distribution