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Rand Paul

Analysis

R KY · Senate

2025–Present Senate

2023–2025 Senate

2021–2023 Senate

2019–2021 Senate

2017–2019 Senate

2015–2017 Senate

2013–2015 Senate

2011–2013 Senate

Defense

-59

Helped 769 Hurt 828 Unclear 512

Healthcare

+57

Helped 295 Hurt 238 Unclear 182

Finance

-36

Helped 223 Hurt 259 Unclear 82

Agriculture

+109

Helped 279 Hurt 170 Unclear 108

Veterans Affairs

+184

Helped 326 Hurt 142 Unclear 80

Energy

-35

Helped 208 Hurt 243 Unclear 78

Education

-13

Helped 127 Hurt 140 Unclear 78

Appropriations

+93

Helped 203 Hurt 110 Unclear 17

Trade

+18

Helped 140 Hurt 122 Unclear 27

Federal Budget

+162

Helped 207 Hurt 45 Unclear 36

Housing

+90

Helped 158 Hurt 68 Unclear 13

Transportation

-48

Helped 69 Hurt 117 Unclear 47

Immigration

-116

Helped 31 Hurt 147 Unclear 37

Government Operations

-6

Helped 55 Hurt 61 Unclear 69

Technology

+11

Helped 79 Hurt 68 Unclear 29

Environment

-52

Helped 48 Hurt 100 Unclear 22

Labor

-21

Helped 42 Hurt 63 Unclear 43

Science & Space

Helped 67 Hurt 61 Unclear 15

Criminal Justice

+19

Helped 74 Hurt 55 Unclear 10

Foreign Policy

Helped 58 Hurt 58 Unclear 19

20 policy domains

Helped Hurt Mixed Unclear

Industry Impact Profile

10368 industry impacts

All entities →

How this is computed

P Primary sponsor · C Co-sponsor · Y Yea vote · N Nay vote

Weighted score (w:) uses strongest role per bill. Weights: Primary 1.0, Co-sponsor 0.3, Yea 0.1, Nay -0.1.

Bills where the legislator voted nay (without sponsorship) contribute -0.1 per bill. Equal yea and nay roll calls on the same bill contribute 0.

Vote date filters affect vote attribution; sponsorship is always included.

Positive-Effect Industries

Government 1755 P·49 C·11 Y·984 N·1649 w:10.1

Direct (1328), Veterans Affairs (114), Defense (93), DoD (33), VA (19), Executive (16), USDA (16), Legislative (13), Congress (12), Treasury (12), Agriculture (11), CMS (9), NPS (7), State (7), Justice (6), Oversight (6), DOJ (4), Education (4), Foreign Affairs (4), ICE (4), Judiciary (4), DHS (3), Transportation (3), Cemeteries (2), FDA (2), FEMA (2), Housing (2), Interior/USDA (2), International Development (2), Local (2), Military Logistics (2), NASA (2), SBA (2), SSA (2), Defense R&D (1), HHS (1), Intelligence (1), Judicial (1), Manufacturing (1)

General Public 388 P·21 C·4 Y·251 N·357 w:6.9

Direct (246), Veterans (121), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2)

Defense 225 P·1 Y·105 N·209 w:0.6

Direct (212), Naval (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1), Missiles (1), Missiles/Hypersonics (1), Nuclear C3 (1), Rotorcraft (1), Small Business (1), Small/Innovative (1), Space Systems (1)

Military 224 Y·102 N·224 w:-0.6

Direct (223), Families (1)

Healthcare 200 C·1 Y·140 N·197 w:-0.2

Direct (179), Research (15), Community (3), Tribal (3)

Agriculture 162 C·7 Y·93 N·155 w:0.4

Direct (154), Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2)

Construction 157 Y·105 N·156 w:-0.5

Direct (154), Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)

Education 146 C·3 Y·119 N·140 w:0.1

Direct (140), Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)

Taxpayers 111 P·8 Y·103 N·103 w:0.8

Financial Services 91 P·4 C·4 Y·63 N·83 w:2.0

Direct (82), HSA (7), HSA Administration (2)

Negative-Effect Industries

Government 1230 P·134 C·70 Y·677 N·953 w:35.9

Direct (955), Defense (66), Veterans Affairs (66), EPA (22), NPS (11), FDA (9), Education (8), Agriculture (7), BLM (7), Forest Service (7), HHS (7), Foreign (5), CFPB (4), Judiciary (4), Treasury/IRS (4), VA (4), DHS (3), Executive (3), Legislative (3), NOAA (3), NOAA/EPA (3), SEC (3), Acquisition (2), Congress (2), DOJ (2), Defense Acquisition (2), Intelligence (2), Military (2), Coast Guard (1), DoD (1), Energy/Defense (1), Executive Agencies (1), Health (1), Housing (1), Interior Department (1), NNSA (1), Space Force (1), Strategic Command (1), Treasury (1), U.S. Coast Guard (1), USDA (1), Waste Management (1)

Defense 148 Y·60 N·142 w:-0.3

Direct (144), Nuclear (2), Logistics (1), Maintenance (1)

General Public 135 P·4 C·1 Y·112 N·130 w:1.7

Direct (114), Veterans (20), Taxpayers (1)

Military 135 Y·55 N·132 w:-0.3

Direct (134), Space Force (1)

Immigration 128 P·1 Y·127 N·127 w:0.9

Healthcare 111 C·1 Y·68 N·110 w:-0.4

Direct (100), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2), Reproductive Health (2), Safety Net Providers (2)

Taxpayers 94 P·8 C·1 Y·85 N·85 w:1.2

Education 93 C·4 Y·86 N·88 w:0.6

Transportation 76 P·2 Y·40 N·74 w:1.6

Manufacturing 74 Y·62 N·66 w:-0.3

Direct (65), Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (1), Foreign Adversary (1)

Click any row to see supporting clauses

Showing positive and negative-direction effects only. Mixed and uncertain effects are not included in these counts.

Votes by Industry (Yea/Nay Alignment)

How this legislator's Yea/Nay votes landed across industries; distinct from overall bill exposure above.

Analysis coverage

100.0% of votes

Show vote-alignment table

S+ Supported Benefits

S- Supported Burdens

O+ Opposed Benefits

O- Opposed Burdens

Industry	S+	S-	Net
Government (58 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans Affairs (180), Defense (158), DoD (34), VA (23), EPA (22) +53 more			-721
General Public (5 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans (141), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2), Taxpayers (1)			-224
Defense (14 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Naval (2), Nuclear (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1) +9 more			-58
Military (2 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Families (1), Space Force (1)	-		-95
Healthcare (8 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Research (15), Community (3), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Tribal (3), Family Planning Services (2) +3 more		-	-85
Education (4 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)			-50
Construction (3 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)		-	-119
Taxpayers	-	-	-18
Agriculture (5 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2), Coffee Production (1)	-	-	-140
Manufacturing (4 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (2), Defense (1), Foreign Adversary (1)			-1
Transportation		-	+13
Immigration	-	-	+107
Financial Services (3 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): HSA (7), HSA Administration (2), Transgender Individuals (1)	-		-31
State & Local Government (3 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (4), Non-Expansion (3)	-	-	-19
Energy (1 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Distributed Generation (1)	-	-	-22

Votes are cast on entire bills; attribution to individual clauses does not imply clause-level intent. Learn more

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