Government Operations
113 bills 303 analyzed clauses
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R ND · Senate
Vote dates filter recorded votes and vote-linked bills; sponsorship remains included.
Policy Effects
Estimated effects on people, organizations, and industries in bills this legislator sponsored, cosponsored, or voted on. Includes bills they voted against.
These are assessments of legislative text, not measurements of realized outcomes or the legislator’s intent.
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113 bills 303 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups83 bills 258 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups82 bills 2062 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups75 bills 592 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups74 bills 692 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups61 bills 586 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups55 bills 258 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups51 bills 170 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups49 bills 341 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups32 bills 578 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups26 bills 250 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups25 bills 171 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups25 bills 52 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups22 bills 254 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups22 bills 184 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups20 bills 113 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups19 bills 204 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups17 bills 151 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups14 bills 518 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups11 bills 78 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups8 bills 19 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups7 bills 13 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups7 bills 12 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups6 bills 375 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups6 bills 14 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups5 bills 166 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups5 bills 8 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups4 bills 5 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups3 bills 11 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups3 bills 9 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups3 bills 7 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups3 bills 4 analyzed clauses
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Explore affected groups3 bills 3 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups2 bills 58 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups2 bills 27 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups2 bills 10 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups2 bills 7 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups2 bills 5 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups2 bills 5 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups2 bills 4 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups2 bills 3 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups2 bills 2 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 263 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 134 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 81 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 68 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 40 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 27 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 27 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 23 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 19 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 16 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 13 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 13 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 10 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 9 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 8 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 7 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 5 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 5 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 5 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 5 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 4 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 4 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 3 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 3 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 2 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 2 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 2 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 2 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 2 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groupsPotential benefits are effects assessed as favorable to the named group. Potential burdens impose costs, restrictions, risks, or lost opportunities on that group.
Mixed effects contain countervailing effects on the same group. Unclear effects have an undetermined direction. A group can have separate benefits and burdens; these are counted separately.
Counts describe the number of identified effects, not their size or public value. Bill and clause counts are distinct within each view. Shared evidence may appear under several groups or policy areas, so their counts should not be added together.
Historical bill versions are included. Clauses analyzed in different versions count separately. A bill’s current status does not establish that every analyzed provision was enacted.
Only direct effects with high or medium confidence in the policy-area assignment are included. Bills are connected through sponsorship, cosponsorship, or Yea/Nay votes; a vote against a bill does not reverse its assessed effects. Vote dates filter recorded votes and vote-linked bills; sponsorship remains included.
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Access to Fair Financing for Opportunity and Resilient Development Act
Kids Online Safety Act
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to permanently extend the allowance for depreciation, amortization, or depletion for purposes of determining the income limitation on the deduction for business interest, and for other purposes.
A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to modify the railroad track maintenance credit.
Affordable Housing Credit Improvement Act of 2025
To require on-time delivery of periodicals to unlock additional rate authority, and for other purposes.
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to recognize Indian tribal governments for purposes of determining under the adoption credit whether a child has special needs.
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to repeal the credit for new clean vehicles, and for other purposes.
Fair Access to Banking Act
A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide special rules for the taxation of certain residents of Taiwan with income from sources within the United States.
FARM Act
Miracle on Ice Congressional Gold Medal Act
To require on-time delivery of periodicals to unlock additional rate authority, and for other purposes.
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to repeal the credit for new clean vehicles, and for other purposes.
To require the Secretary of Homeland Security to take into custody aliens who have been charged in the United States with theft, and for other purposes.
To require a strategy to counter the role of the People's Republic of China in evasion of sanctions imposed by the United States with respect to Iran, and for other purposes.
To freeze $6,000,000,000 of Iranian funds held in Qatar, and for other purposes.
Calling for the immediate release of Evan Gershkovich, a United States citizen and journalist, who was wrongfully detained by the Government of the Russian Federation in March 2023.
To amend the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to modify limitations on amounts of farm ownership loans and operating loans, and for other purposes.
To secure the borders of the United States, and for other purposes.
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