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Rand Paul

Rand Paul

R KY · Senate

2025–Present Senate
2023–2025 Senate
2021–2023 Senate
2019–2021 Senate
2017–2019 Senate
2015–2017 Senate
2013–2015 Senate
2011–2013 Senate
Vote Date:
to

Defense

-59
Helped 769 Hurt 828 Unclear 512

Healthcare

+57
Helped 295 Hurt 238 Unclear 182

Finance

-36
Helped 223 Hurt 259 Unclear 82

Agriculture

+109
Helped 279 Hurt 170 Unclear 108

Veterans Affairs

+184
Helped 326 Hurt 142 Unclear 80

Energy

-35
Helped 208 Hurt 243 Unclear 78

Education

-13
Helped 127 Hurt 140 Unclear 78

Appropriations

+93
Helped 203 Hurt 110 Unclear 17

Trade

+18
Helped 140 Hurt 122 Unclear 27

Federal Budget

+162
Helped 207 Hurt 45 Unclear 36

Housing

+90
Helped 158 Hurt 68 Unclear 13

Transportation

-48
Helped 69 Hurt 117 Unclear 47

Immigration

-116
Helped 31 Hurt 147 Unclear 37

Government Operations

-6
Helped 55 Hurt 61 Unclear 69

Technology

+11
Helped 79 Hurt 68 Unclear 29

Environment

-52
Helped 48 Hurt 100 Unclear 22

Labor

-21
Helped 42 Hurt 63 Unclear 43

Science & Space

+6
Helped 67 Hurt 61 Unclear 15

Criminal Justice

+19
Helped 74 Hurt 55 Unclear 10

Foreign Policy

0
Helped 58 Hurt 58 Unclear 19
20 policy domains
Helped Hurt Mixed Unclear

Industry Impact Profile

10368 industry impacts

All entities →
How this is computed

P Primary sponsor · C Co-sponsor · Y Yea vote · N Nay vote

Weighted score (w:) uses strongest role per bill. Weights: Primary 1.0, Co-sponsor 0.3, Yea 0.1, Nay -0.1.

Bills where the legislator voted nay (without sponsorship) contribute -0.1 per bill. Equal yea and nay roll calls on the same bill contribute 0.

Vote date filters affect vote attribution; sponsorship is always included.

Positive-Effect Industries

Direct (1328), Veterans Affairs (114), Defense (93), DoD (33), VA (19), Executive (16), USDA (16), Legislative (13), Congress (12), Treasury (12), Agriculture (11), CMS (9), NPS (7), State (7), Justice (6), Oversight (6), DOJ (4), Education (4), Foreign Affairs (4), ICE (4), Judiciary (4), DHS (3), Transportation (3), Cemeteries (2), FDA (2), FEMA (2), Housing (2), Interior/USDA (2), International Development (2), Local (2), Military Logistics (2), NASA (2), SBA (2), SSA (2), Defense R&D (1), HHS (1), Intelligence (1), Judicial (1), Manufacturing (1)
Direct (246), Veterans (121), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2)
Direct (212), Naval (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1), Missiles (1), Missiles/Hypersonics (1), Nuclear C3 (1), Rotorcraft (1), Small Business (1), Small/Innovative (1), Space Systems (1)
Direct (179), Research (15), Community (3), Tribal (3)
Direct (154), Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2)
Direct (154), Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
Direct (140), Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)

Negative-Effect Industries

Direct (955), Defense (66), Veterans Affairs (66), EPA (22), NPS (11), FDA (9), Education (8), Agriculture (7), BLM (7), Forest Service (7), HHS (7), Foreign (5), CFPB (4), Judiciary (4), Treasury/IRS (4), VA (4), DHS (3), Executive (3), Legislative (3), NOAA (3), NOAA/EPA (3), SEC (3), Acquisition (2), Congress (2), DOJ (2), Defense Acquisition (2), Intelligence (2), Military (2), Coast Guard (1), DoD (1), Energy/Defense (1), Executive Agencies (1), Health (1), Housing (1), Interior Department (1), NNSA (1), Space Force (1), Strategic Command (1), Treasury (1), U.S. Coast Guard (1), USDA (1), Waste Management (1)
Direct (144), Nuclear (2), Logistics (1), Maintenance (1)
Direct (100), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2), Reproductive Health (2), Safety Net Providers (2)
Direct (65), Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (1), Foreign Adversary (1)

Click any row to see supporting clauses

Showing positive and negative-direction effects only. Mixed and uncertain effects are not included in these counts.

Votes by Industry (Yea/Nay Alignment)

How this legislator's Yea/Nay votes landed across industries; distinct from overall bill exposure above.

Analysis coverage
100.0% of votes
Show vote-alignment table
S+ Supported Benefits
S- Supported Burdens
O+ Opposed Benefits
O- Opposed Burdens
Industry S+ S- O+ O- Net
Government (58 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans Affairs (180), Defense (158), DoD (34), VA (23), EPA (22) +53 more
-721
General Public (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans (141), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2), Taxpayers (1)
-224
Defense (14 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Naval (2), Nuclear (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1) +9 more
-58
Military (2 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Families (1), Space Force (1)
- -95
Healthcare (8 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Research (15), Community (3), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Tribal (3), Family Planning Services (2) +3 more
- -85
Education (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)
-50
Construction (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
- -119
Taxpayers - - -18
Agriculture (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2), Coffee Production (1)
- - -140
Manufacturing (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (2), Defense (1), Foreign Adversary (1)
-1
Transportation - +13
Immigration - - +107
Financial Services (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): HSA (7), HSA Administration (2), Transgender Individuals (1)
- -31
State & Local Government (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (4), Non-Expansion (3)
- - -19
Energy (1 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Distributed Generation (1)
- - -22

Votes are cast on entire bills; attribution to individual clauses does not imply clause-level intent. Learn more

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

s532-118

Primary Sponsor

To preserve and protect the free choice of individual employees to form, join, or assist labor organizations, or to refrain from such activities.

1 clause
Consumers Federal Government Regulated Industries

s4583-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Legalizing Premium Health Care Act of 2026

3 clauses May 20, 2026
Disaster Relief And Emergency Management Lobbying Healthcare Consumers Federal Government

sjres189-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States to protect United States citizenship.

2 clauses Apr 29, 2026
Consumers Immigrant Communities Homeowners Federal Government

sjres108-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sales to the Government of Ukraine of certain defense articles and services.

1 clause Feb 12, 2026
Foreign Businesses Consumers Transportation Federal Government

sjres101-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval of the proposed foreign military sales to Taiwan of certain defense articles and services.

1 clause Jan 5, 2026
Telecommunications Foreign Businesses Environmental Groups Federal Government

s3440-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Temporary Family Visitation Act

1 clause Dec 11, 2025
Individuals Government

s3362-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Health Marketplace and Savings Accounts for All Act

11 clauses Dec 4, 2025
Consumers General Public Financial Services Government

s3248-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Health Savings Accounts For All Act of 2025

8 clauses Nov 20, 2025
Households Direct Health & Medical Insurance Carriers Fitness & Recreational Sports Centers Federal Government

s2732-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To strengthen employee cost savings suggestions programs within the Federal Government.

2 clauses Sep 8, 2025
Civil Service Government Employees

s854-119

Primary Sponsor Reported

Risky Research Review Act

9 clauses Mar 5, 2025
National Security Public Health Biomedical Research Government

s855-119

Primary Sponsor Reported

To require executive branch employees to report certain royalties, and for other purposes.

3 clauses Mar 5, 2025
Public Health Government Procurement Advocacy Government

s676-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To prohibit assistance to foreign governments that violate human rights with respect to religious freedom.

3 clauses Feb 20, 2025
Transportation

s485-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny Act of 2025

17 clauses Feb 6, 2025
Recreation Advocacy Groups Individuals Federal Government

s263-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

FAIR Act of 2025

5 clauses Jan 27, 2025
Small Business Civil Liberties Government - Judiciary Government - DOJ

s188-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To prohibit Federal employees and contractors from directing online platforms to censor any speech that is protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and for other purposes.

9 clauses Jan 22, 2025
Newspaper, Periodical, and Digital Publishers Internet Publishing and Web Search Portals Legislative Branch General Public

sres29-119

Primary Sponsor Reported

Expressing the sense of the Senate that the President of the United States possesses legal authority under existing law to take immediate and necessary action to secure the southwest border of the United States.

1 clause Jan 21, 2025
Government Immigration

s55-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To preserve the constitutional authority of Congress and ensure accountability and transparency in legislation.

7 clauses Jan 9, 2025
Information Technology Government - Judiciary Lobbying Government

s5082-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, to provide that major rules of the executive branch shall have no force or effect unless a joint resolution of approval is enacted into law.

17 clauses Sep 18, 2024
Health Care Providers Agricultural Producers Environmental Services

s4667-118

Primary Sponsor Reported

To amend title 31, United States Code, to establish the Life Sciences Research Security Board, and for other purposes.

18 clauses Jul 10, 2024
Biotechnology & Life Sciences State & Local Government General Public Federal Government

s4373-118

Primary Sponsor Reported

To provide for congressional approval of national emergency declarations.

26 clauses May 21, 2024
Civil Rights Advocacy Health Care Providers Foreign Affairs Transportation
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Policy Mechanisms Used

Industry Focus Distribution