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Tim Kaine

Tim Kaine

D VA · Senate

2025–Present Senate
2023–2025 Senate
2021–2023 Senate
2019–2021 Senate
2017–2019 Senate
2015–2017 Senate
2013–2015 Senate
145
Sponsored
791
Cosponsored
658
Votes
Vote Date:
to

Defense

-43
Helped 917 Hurt 960 Unclear 669

Healthcare

+160
Helped 583 Hurt 423 Unclear 683

Finance

+37
Helped 457 Hurt 420 Mixed 3 Unclear 192

Education

-55
Helped 285 Hurt 340 Unclear 321

Government Operations

-51
Helped 75 Hurt 126 Unclear 742

Energy

-110
Helped 253 Hurt 363 Unclear 122

Agriculture

+124
Helped 327 Hurt 203 Unclear 110

Transportation

-234
Helped 109 Hurt 343 Unclear 188

Veterans Affairs

+183
Helped 348 Hurt 165 Unclear 86

Foreign Policy

-60
Helped 229 Hurt 289 Mixed 1 Unclear 77

Environment

-3
Helped 177 Hurt 180 Unclear 197

Sanctions

-57
Helped 218 Hurt 275 Unclear 18

Labor

+43
Helped 178 Hurt 135 Unclear 177

Technology

+32
Helped 215 Hurt 183 Unclear 53

Foreign Affairs

-31
Helped 172 Hurt 203 Unclear 69

Trade

+13
Helped 179 Hurt 166 Unclear 36

Housing

+99
Helped 223 Hurt 124 Unclear 15

Criminal Justice

+3
Helped 170 Hurt 167 Unclear 23

Appropriations

+93
Helped 204 Hurt 111 Unclear 17

Federal Budget

+162
Helped 207 Hurt 45 Unclear 36
20 policy domains
Helped Hurt Mixed Unclear

Industry Impact Profile

16125 industry impacts

All entities →
How this is computed

P Primary sponsor · C Co-sponsor · Y Yea vote · N Nay vote

Weighted score (w:) uses strongest role per bill. Weights: Primary 1.0, Co-sponsor 0.3, Yea 0.1, Nay -0.1.

Bills where the legislator voted nay (without sponsorship) contribute -0.1 per bill. Equal yea and nay roll calls on the same bill contribute 0.

Vote date filters affect vote attribution; sponsorship is always included.

Positive-Effect Industries

Government 2195 P·17 C·482 Y·1649 N·1403 w:30.2
Direct (1717), Veterans Affairs (114), Defense (94), DoD (33), VA (19), USDA (18), Executive (16), Congress (14), Legislative (14), State (14), Treasury (12), Agriculture (11), CMS (9), Justice (8), Transportation (8), Education (7), NPS (7), Transportation Security (7), Oversight (6), DOJ (4), Foreign Affairs (4), ICE (4), Judiciary (4), State/Local (4), DHS (3), Legislative Branch (3), Cemeteries (2), FDA (2), FEMA (2), FTC (2), Federal (2), Homeland Security (2), Housing (2), Interior/USDA (2), International Development (2), Law Enforcement (2), Local (2), Military Logistics (2), NASA (2), SBA (2), SSA (2), State Department (2), DOI (1), Defense R&D (1), Election Workers (1), Employees (1), HHS (1), Intelligence (1), Judicial (1), Local Election Administration (1), Manufacturing (1)
General Public 637 P·12 C·262 Y·359 N·351 w:17.9
Direct (479), Veterans (121), Military Families (16), Minority Voters (5), Voters (4), Military (3), District Of Columbia (2), Foreign (2), Native American Voters (2), Capital District (1), Language Minority Voters (1), Students (1)
Defense 325 C·101 Y·209 N·123 w:1.6
Direct (312), Naval (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1), Missiles (1), Missiles/Hypersonics (1), Nuclear C3 (1), Rotorcraft (1), Small Business (1), Small/Innovative (1), Space Systems (1)
Healthcare 291 C·92 Y·197 N·190 w:5.7
Direct (255), Patients (15), Research (15), Community (3), Tribal (3)
Education 272 P·29 C·100 Y·143 N·121 w:21.6
Direct (261), Child Care (3), HBCUs (1), HSIs (1), Immigrant Students (1), MSIs (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1), Tribal (1), Tribal/Native (1)
Military 231 C·7 Y·224 N·109 w:1.5
Direct (230), Families (1)
Financial Services 204 C·121 Y·75 N·80 w:8.3
Direct (195), HSA (7), HSA Administration (2)
Agriculture 184 P·3 C·26 Y·155 N·151 w:6.8
Direct (176), Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2)
Construction 160 C·3 Y·156 N·132 w:0.8
Direct (157), Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
State & Local Government 159 P·6 C·78 Y·73 N·67 w:8.2
Direct (149), Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (2), Education (1), Elections (1)

Negative-Effect Industries

Government 2345 P·82 C·1234 Y·955 N·840 w:82.6
Direct (1963), Defense (76), Veterans Affairs (66), EPA (22), State (17), Federal (12), HHS (12), State/Local (12), Education (11), NPS (11), FDA (10), Transportation (8), VA (8), Agriculture (7), BLM (7), Forest Service (7), Homeland Security (6), DOI (5), Foreign (5), CFPB (4), Foreign Affairs (4), Intelligence (4), Treasury (4), Treasury/IRS (4), DHS (3), Executive (3), General (3), Legislative (3), NOAA (3), NOAA/EPA (3), SEC (3), ATF (2), Acquisition (2), Congress (2), Defense Acquisition (2), Executive Branch (2), Local Election Administration (2), Military (2), State Election Administration (2), State Legislatures (2), State/Local Election Administration (2), USDA (2), Coast Guard (1), DoD (1), Energy/Defense (1), Executive Office (1), Housing (1), Interior Department (1), Justice (1), Law Enforcement (1), Local (1), NNSA (1), OPM (1), Oversight (1), Space Force (1), Strategic Command (1), Transportation Security (1), U.S. Coast Guard (1), Waste Management (1)
Transportation 291 P·2 C·215 Y·74 N·44 w:7.9
Defense 234 P·2 C·84 Y·142 N·60 w:2.7
Direct (230), Nuclear (2), Logistics (1), Maintenance (1)
General Public 187 P·11 C·45 Y·129 N·120 w:6.2
Direct (165), Veterans (20), Bad Actors (1), Taxpayers (1)
Education 173 P·19 C·65 Y·89 N·85 w:16.2
Financial Services 170 P·6 C·110 Y·51 N·53 w:12.0
Direct (169), Transgender Individuals (1)
State & Local Government 168 P·6 C·106 Y·54 N·56 w:6.7
Direct (155), Elections (4), Non-Expansion (3), Education (2), Medicaid Programs (2), Motor Vehicles (2)
Military 137 C·2 Y·132 N·56 w:0.7
Direct (136), Space Force (1)
Healthcare 136 P·2 C·24 Y·103 N·105 w:3.4
Direct (125), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2), Reproductive Health (2), Safety Net Providers (2)
Environment 128 P·12 C·64 Y·51 N·52 w:17.4

Click any row to see supporting clauses

Showing positive and negative-direction effects only. Mixed and uncertain effects are not included in these counts.

Votes by Industry (Yea/Nay Alignment)

How this legislator's Yea/Nay votes landed across industries; distinct from overall bill exposure above.

Analysis coverage
100.0% of votes
Show vote-alignment table
S+ Supported Benefits
S- Supported Burdens
O+ Opposed Benefits
O- Opposed Burdens
Industry S+ S- O+ O- Net
Government (58 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans Affairs (180), Defense (158), DoD (34), VA (23), EPA (22) +53 more
+135
General Public (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans (141), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2), Taxpayers (1)
+230
Defense (14 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Naval (2), Nuclear (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1) +9 more
-14
Military (2 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Families (1), Space Force (1)
-1
Healthcare (8 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Research (15), Community (3), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Tribal (3), Family Planning Services (2) +3 more
+97
Education (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)
+2
Construction (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
+83
Taxpayers - - -18
Agriculture (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2), Coffee Production (1)
+12
Manufacturing (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (2), Defense (1), Foreign Adversary (1)
+15
Transportation +9
Immigration - - +107
Financial Services (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): HSA (7), HSA Administration (2), Transgender Individuals (1)
-13
State & Local Government (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (4), Non-Expansion (3)
- +9
Energy (1 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Distributed Generation (1)
-20

Votes are cast on entire bills; attribution to individual clauses does not imply clause-level intent. Learn more

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

All Roles Sponsor Cosponsor
All Industries Defense Education Environment Financial Services General Public Government Healthcare Military State & Local Government Transportation
Clear

s3869-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Healthy Families Act

10 clauses Feb 12, 2026
Federal Administration Health Care Providers

s3777-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Rebuild America’s Schools Act of 2026

25 clauses Feb 4, 2026
Federal Administration Health Care Providers Education

s3621-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Protecting Taxpayers from Risky Investments in Venezuela Act

4 clauses Jan 13, 2026
Federal Administration Financial Services Energy Production

s3612-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Critical Mineral Mining Education Act of 2026

10 clauses Jan 12, 2026
Federal Administration Education Defense Contractors

sjres100-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities against vessels operating in the Caribbean Sea or the Eastern Pacific Ocean that have not been authorized by Congress.

2 clauses Dec 17, 2025
National Security Environmental Groups Foreign Businesses Federal Government

s3508-119

Cosponsor In Committee

ARMAS Act of 2025

10 clauses Dec 16, 2025
Manufacturing Government Administration

s3496-119

Cosponsor Reported

United States Legal Gold and Mining Partnership Act

18 clauses Dec 16, 2025
Mining Foreign Government General Public Financial Services

s3448-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Keeping All Students Safe Act

10 clauses Dec 11, 2025
Individuals Government Education

s3426-119

Cosponsor In Committee

International Human Rights Defense Act of 2025

6 clauses Dec 10, 2025
Individuals Government

s3396-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Domestic Workers Bill of Rights Act

30 clauses Dec 9, 2025
Government General Public

s3379-119

Cosponsor In Committee

EARLY Benefits for Workers Act

1 clause Dec 4, 2025
Labor Government

s3369-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Medicare-X Choice Act of 2025

14 clauses Dec 4, 2025
Government Healthcare Healthcare Beneficiaries

s3328-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Digital Skills for Today’s Workforce Act

4 clauses Dec 3, 2025
Labor Government Operations

sjres98-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress.

2 clauses Dec 3, 2025
National Security Environmental Groups Foreign Businesses Federal Government

sres525-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A resolution condemning the Government of Iran's state-sponsored persecution of the Baha'i minority and its continued violation of the International Covenants on Human Rights.

1 clause Dec 3, 2025
Federal Government - Executive Branch Non-Profit Advocacy Organizations Religious Minority Groups Foreign Government Officials

sres516-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Ensuring that the adoption and foster care system in the United States is child-centered and compassionate and that young people aging out of foster care are provided with adequate support and resources to transition successfully to independent adulthood.

1 clause Nov 20, 2025
State & Local Government Social Services

s3274-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Healthy MOM Act

5 clauses Nov 20, 2025
State Government Healthcare Providers Health Insurance Federal Government

s3249-119

Cosponsor Reported

Strategic Subsea Cables Act of 2026

24 clauses Nov 20, 2025
Foreign Government Government Technology Users Telecommunications

s3265-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Improve and Enhance the Work Opportunity Tax Credit Act

4 clauses Nov 20, 2025
General Public Professional Services Federal Government All Industries

s3071-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To appropriate funds to ensure uninterrupted benefits under the supplemental nutrition assistance program and the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children.

2 clauses Oct 29, 2025
Social Welfare Government
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Policy Mechanisms Used

Industry Focus Distribution