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Tim Kaine

Tim Kaine

D VA · Senate

2025–Present Senate
2023–2025 Senate
2021–2023 Senate
2019–2021 Senate
2017–2019 Senate
2015–2017 Senate
2013–2015 Senate
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Vote dates filter recorded votes and vote-linked bills; sponsorship remains included.

Policy Effects

Estimated effects on people, organizations, and industries in bills this legislator sponsored, cosponsored, or voted on. Includes bills they voted against.

These are assessments of legislative text, not measurements of realized outcomes or the legislator’s intent.

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What the effects and counts mean

Potential benefits are effects assessed as favorable to the named group. Potential burdens impose costs, restrictions, risks, or lost opportunities on that group.

Mixed effects contain countervailing effects on the same group. Unclear effects have an undetermined direction. A group can have separate benefits and burdens; these are counted separately.

Counts describe the number of identified effects, not their size or public value. Bill and clause counts are distinct within each view. Shared evidence may appear under several groups or policy areas, so their counts should not be added together.

Historical bill versions are included. Clauses analyzed in different versions count separately. A bill’s current status does not establish that every analyzed provision was enacted.

Only direct effects with high or medium confidence in the policy-area assignment are included. Bills are connected through sponsorship, cosponsorship, or Yea/Nay votes; a vote against a bill does not reverse its assessed effects. Vote dates filter recorded votes and vote-linked bills; sponsorship remains included.

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

All Industries Academic Institutions Administrative And Support Services Administrative Services Advertising Affected Communities Agricultural Industry Agricultural Marketing Service Agricultural Producers Agriculture Air Force Global Strike Command Air Transport Airport Authorities Airport Grants Airport Infrastructure Airport Operators Alcohol Beverage Industry All Businesses All Industries Allied Nations Alternative Fuel Industry Ambulance Services Ambulatory Health Care Ambulatory Health Care Services AmeriCorps Amphibious Vessel Industry Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Health Animal Welfare Animal Welfare Organizations Appraisal Industry Aquaculture Architect Of The Capitol Architecture & Engineering Army Corps Of Engineers Army Leadership Arts And Cultural Institutions Asian Development Fund Automotive Beverages Biofuels Bond Markets Bureau Of Reclamation Business Entities Business Owners And Operators Business Support Services COPS Grants Cannabis Capitol Police Force Capitol Tours Carbon Sequestration Industry Caregiving Charitable Contributors Child Welfare Child Welfare Services Children Chinese Companies Chinese Entities Civic & Social Organizations Civic Organizations Civil Liberties Civil Rights Advocacy Civil Society Civil Society Organizations Civilian Mariners Clean Hydrogen Production Climate Tech Cloud Services Coast Guard Coast Guard Facilities Coast Guard Firefighting Services Coast Guard Leadership Coast Guard Legal Professionals Coast Guard Medical Personnel Coast Guard Members Coast Guard Personnel Coastal Communities Coastal Restoration Collectibles Collectibles And Numismatics College Students Commercial Air Transport Commercial Space Industry Commercial Space Industry Experts Commodity Trading Community Anti-Drug Organizations Community Development Community Development Finance Community Development Investing Community Development Organizations Community Health Centers Community Organizations Commuters Compliance Services Congress Congressional Budget Office Congressional Committees Congressional Families Congressional Offices Congressional Security Congressional Staff Congressionally Directed Spending Construction Consumers Convention & Trade Show Organizers Corporate Debtors Corporate Litigants Corporate Officers Corrections Corrections & Detention Credit Intermediation Credit Intermediation And Related Activities Credit Reporting Creditors Criminal Defendants Criminal Enterprises Criminal Offenders Criminal Organizations Critical Infrastructure Cross-Industry Cryptocurrency Cuban Americans And Their Families Cuban Americans Eligible For Claims Cultural Institutions Custodial Services Custody Services Custom Computer Programming Services Cyber Threat Actors Cycling Industry Data Brokers Data Processing Defense Denied Enlistees Department Of Health And Human Services Department Of Homeland Security Department Of State Department Of The Interior Depository Institutions Detention Facilities Development Finance Institutions Digital Advertising Digital Asset Exchanges Diplomacy Diplomatic Corps Diplomatic Service Diplomatic Services Disability Support Services Disaster Relief And Emergency Management Disaster Relief Funding Disaster-Affected Regions District Of Columbia Diversified Business Diversified Businesses Divided Families Domestic Businesses Dredging Industry Drug Enforcement Administration Economic Actors In Western Balkans Economic Development Economic Development Organizations Education Educational Services Elderly Population Election Assistance Commission Election Systems Industry Electronic Commerce Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Electronic Shopping Emergency Funding Emergency Management Emerging Leaders Employee Benefits And Retirement Plans Employment Services Employment Training Energy Environment Estate Planning Ethnic/Cultural Groups Events & Tourism External Parties Family Health Information Centers Farm Credit Programs Farm Service Agency Federal Administration Federal Appropriations Federal Budget Federal Budget Offices Federal Budget Programs Federal Civil Service Federal Departments & Agencies Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal Health Agencies Federal Health Programs Federal Land Management Federal Legislature Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Federal Programs Federal Regulation Federal Regulatory Agencies Federal Transit Administration Fiduciary Services Finance Financial Advisory Services Financial Services Firearms Firearms Dealers Firearms Industry Firearms Owners Firefighting Services Fish Processing Industry Fisheries Fisheries Industry Fishing & Forestry Food & Beverage Foreign Actors Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs Programs Foreign Agents Foreign Aid Foreign Allies Foreign Assistance Programs Foreign Businesses Foreign Countries Foreign Economy Foreign Entities Foreign Entities Engaged In Prohibited/Notifiable Technologies Foreign Issuers Foreign Organizations Foreign Political Actors Foreign Private Issuers Foreign Renewable Fuel Producers Foreign Terrorist Organizations Foreign Visitors Forest Products Foster Care Programs Fuel Distribution Companies Future Beneficiaries Gambling And Betting Services Gambling Industry Participants Gaming General Contractors And Suppliers General Foreign Entities General Industry General Industry In China General Public General Services Administration Gig Economy / Rideshare & Delivery Services Global Business Global Fisheries Industry Government Government Contractors Government Employees Governments And Aid Organizations Grantmaking Foundations Green Building Services Green Finance Gun Owners HVAC & Air Quality HVAC Industry Haiti Health Care Health Care Providers Health Care Services Health Programs Health Resources And Services Administration Healthcare Hemp Industry High-Income Individuals Highway Infrastructure Highway Trust Fund Historical Aircraft Preservation Organizations Historically Disadvantaged Groups Home Health Care Home Health Care Services Homeland Security Homeless Assistance Grants Homeless Service Providers Homeowners Hospice Care Hospitality And Tourism Industry Hotels And Motels Households Human Rights Organizations Human Services Human Trafficking Related Entities Humanitarian Aid Humanitarian Organizations IT Services Illegal Activities Illegal Drug Trafficking Immigrant Communities Immigration Indian Health Service Indigenous Affairs Indigenous Communities Individual And Family Services Individual Caregivers Individual Contributors Individual Investors Individual Persons Individual Savers Information Security Information Services Infrastructure Management Intellectual Property International Affairs Professionals International Allies Of The U.S. International Business International Commerce International Cooperation Programs International Development International Development Finance International Development Organizations International Development Professionals International Development Projects International Drug Trafficking International Finance International Financial Institution International Fisheries Management International Governments International Organization International Organizations International Travelers Investigation & Security Services Investigation And Security Services Investment And Development Companies Investment Fund Management Job Seekers Judicial Branch Judiciary Labor Language Services Large Corporations Law Enforcement Legal System Legislation Legislative Bodies Legislative Body Legislature Lessors Of Residential Buildings Libraries And Archives Loan Guarantees Lobbying Local Communities Low-Income Households Manufacturing Marine Industry Marine Infrastructure Marine Salvage Industry Measuring And Controlling Devices Media & Entertainment Medical Beneficiaries Medical Laboratories Medical Professionals Medical Specialists Merchant Wholesalers Mergers And Acquisitions Military Mining Motor Vehicle Owners Multi-State Businesses Multifamily Development Museums Museums And Cultural Institutions Museums, Historical Sites, And Similar Institutions Music Industry Music Production N/A NATO Allies Nation Nation States National Archives And Records Administration National Health Service Corps National Laboratories National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration National Security Native Hawaiian Enterprises Native Hawaiian Organizations Natural Resource Trustees Naval Operations Naval Ship Maintenance Naval Ship Maintenance Services Naval Support Facilities Naval Surface Vessel Maintenance Industry Naval Vehicles Navy Ship Maintenance Navy Ships Non-DoD Organizations Non-Governmental Organizations Non-Profit/Advocacy Non-compliant Governments Nonprofit Advocacy Nonprofits Nuclear Energy Numismatic Collectibles Nursing And Residential Care Facilities Nursing Care Facilities Nursing Facilities Office Of Justice Programs Office Of Management And Budget Office Of Navajo And Hopi Indian Relocation Office Of The Attending Physician Offices Of Physicians Oil & Gas Oil Refining Opioid Trafficking Organ Transplantation Organized Crime Other Outdoor Recreation Pass-Through Entities Patriotic & National Organizations Personal Finance Personal Savings Personal Vehicle Owners Pharmaceuticals Pharmacy Philanthropic Organizations Political Advocacy Political Campaigns Political Candidates Political Contributors Political Donors Political Entities Political Leadership Political Organizations Port And Harbor Operations Port And Waterway Management Port Authorities Port Infrastructure Ports Poultry Production Primary Care Services Printing And Related Support Activities Prison Population Private Detention Private Sector Private Sector Investment Professional Development Professional Organizations Professional Services Qualified Pass-Through Entities Quality Measurement Real Estate Recent Graduates / Entry-Level Professionals Recorded Music & Music Production Recreation Refugee Admissions RegTech Regulated Industries Regulatory Agency Religious Minority Groups Religious Organizations Relocation Services Renewable Energy Renewable Fuel Producers Reproductive Health Research & Science Residential Residential Homeowners Retail Retirement Savers Rotorcraft Operations Rural Communities SSI Beneficiaries Safety Training Sanctioned Entities Seafood Industry Security Forces Security Services Self-Employment Shipbuilding Small Business Social Security Social Services Social Welfare Space Agency Space Industry Space Launch Services Sporting Goods Stores Sports & Recreation State & Local Government State Department Office Of Inspector General State Regulation Student Borrowers Students And Families Sugar Industry Syrian Opposition Groups TANF Tanker Security Program Tanning Services Tax Advisory Tax Preparation Services Tax-Exempt Organizations Taxpayers Technology Telecommunications Telehealth Services Temporary Residents Tenant-Based Rental Assistance Testing Laboratories Textile Industry Tobacco Products Tourism Tourism & Hospitality Trade Trade Associations Transit Agencies Transnational Criminal Organizations Transnational Organized Crime And Foreign Malign Influence Actors Transportation Travel Industry Travel Services Tribal Nations Trust And Estate Planning Services U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Customs And Border Protection U.S. Department Of State U.S. Department Of The Treasury U.S. Investors U.S. Residents U.S. State Department Leadership Unemployment Trust Fund United States Capitol Police United States Central Command United States Coast Guard United States European Command United States Secret Service Unmanned Aircraft Systems Unmanned Systems Industry Unmanned Systems Operators Urban Development Urban Planning Services Utilities Veterans Veterinary Services Vocational Training Services Volunteers WIC Waste Management Water Infrastructure Weather & Ocean Services Western Balkans Economy Whistleblowers Wildfire Suppression Wildlife Wildlife Trafficking Worker Safety Training Youth Programs
Clear

s3900-119

Cosponsor Reported

Iran Human Rights, Internet Freedom, and Accountability Act of 2026

16 clauses Feb 24, 2026
Federal Administration Civil Rights Advocacy Government Legislative Bodies

s3776-119

Cosponsor In Committee

The Federal Grant Neutrality Act

2 clauses Feb 4, 2026

s3612-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Critical Mineral Mining Education Act of 2026

10 clauses Jan 12, 2026

s3496-119

Cosponsor Reported

United States Legal Gold and Mining Partnership Act

18 clauses Dec 16, 2025
Mining Law Enforcement Government General Public

sres545-119

Cosponsor

Designating December 6, 2025, as National Miners Day.

1 clause Dec 11, 2025
Mining

s2403-119

Cosponsor Passed Senate

Retire through Ownership Act

6 clauses Jul 23, 2025
Diversified Businesses Employee Benefits And Retirement Plans Professional Services Financial Services

s2295-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To increase the quality and supply of child care and lower child care costs for families.

28 clauses Jul 15, 2025
Education Social Services Households State & Local Government

s1681-119

Primary Sponsor Reported

Shenandoah Mountain Act

4 clauses May 8, 2025
Environment Outdoor Recreation Government Transportation

s1515-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Affordable Housing Credit Improvement Act of 2025

25 clauses Apr 29, 2025
Government Households Financial Services Real Estate

s1241-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Sanctioning Russia Act of 2025

16 clauses Apr 1, 2025
Trade Government Manufacturing Financial Services

s844-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Faster Labor Contracts Act

2 clauses Mar 4, 2025

s799-119

Cosponsor In Committee

United States Legal Gold and Mining Partnership Act

8 clauses Feb 27, 2025
Criminal Organizations Government Manufacturing Commodity Trading

s280-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To prohibit the application of certain restrictive eligibility requirements to foreign nongovernmental organizations with respect to the provision of assistance under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

1 clause Jan 28, 2025

s5637-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To establish the Biomedical Innovation Fund, and for other purposes.

3 clauses Dec 19, 2024

s3414-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To support United States investment opportunities, strengthen bilateral collaboration in addressing criminal elements operating in the Brazilian Amazon, and for other purposes.

5 clauses Dec 6, 2023

s2620-118

Cosponsor Passed Senate

To establish the Chesapeake National Recreation Area as a unit of the National Park System, and for other purposes.

39 clauses Jul 27, 2023
Environment Nonprofits Government State & Local Government

s2344-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To expand Americans’ access to the ballot box and reduce the influence of big money in politics, and for other purposes.

213 clauses Jul 18, 2023

s1881-118

Cosponsor Reported

To reauthorize and amend the Nicaraguan Investment Conditionality Act of 2018 and the Reinforcing Nicaragua’s Adherence to Conditions for Electoral Reform Act of 2021, and for other purposes.

26 clauses Jun 8, 2023
Agriculture Federal Administration Government International Financial Institution

s1098-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To prohibit the application of certain restrictive eligibility requirements to foreign nongovernmental organizations with respect to the provision of assistance under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

1 clause Mar 30, 2023

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Explore affected groups in Policy Effects to view supporting evidence. Existing clause links also open here.