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Tom Cole

Tom Cole

R OK-4 · House

2003–2005 Congress (District 4)
2005–2007 Congress (District 4)
2007–2009 Congress (District 4)
2009–2011 Congress (District 4)
2011–2013 Congress (District 4)
2013–2015 Congress (District 4)
2015–2017 Congress (District 4)
2017–2019 Congress (District 4)
2019–2021 Congress (District 4)
2021–2023 Congress (District 4)
2023–2025 Congress (District 4)
2025–2027 Congress (District 4)
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Vote dates filter recorded votes and vote-linked bills; sponsorship remains included.

Policy Effects

Estimated effects on people, organizations, and industries in bills this legislator sponsored, cosponsored, or voted on. Includes bills they voted against.

These are assessments of legislative text, not measurements of realized outcomes or the legislator’s intent.

Explore policy areas

Start with a policy area to see the specific groups affected.

What the effects and counts mean

Potential benefits are effects assessed as favorable to the named group. Potential burdens impose costs, restrictions, risks, or lost opportunities on that group.

Mixed effects contain countervailing effects on the same group. Unclear effects have an undetermined direction. A group can have separate benefits and burdens; these are counted separately.

Counts describe the number of identified effects, not their size or public value. Bill and clause counts are distinct within each view. Shared evidence may appear under several groups or policy areas, so their counts should not be added together.

Historical bill versions are included. Clauses analyzed in different versions count separately. A bill’s current status does not establish that every analyzed provision was enacted.

Only direct effects with high or medium confidence in the policy-area assignment are included. Bills are connected through sponsorship, cosponsorship, or Yea/Nay votes; a vote against a bill does not reverse its assessed effects. Vote dates filter recorded votes and vote-linked bills; sponsorship remains included.

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

All Industries 9/11 First Responders 9/11 Health Program Academic Institutions Afghan Resistance Units Agricultural Commodities Agricultural Commodity Trade Agricultural Industry Agricultural Marketing Service Agricultural Producers Agriculture Air Force Global Strike Command Air Traffic Control Airport Authorities Airport Grants Airport Infrastructure Airport Operators Alcohol Beverage Industry All Businesses All Industries Allied Nations Alternative Fuel Industry AmeriCorps Amphibious Vessel Industry Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Welfare Animal Welfare Organizations Apparel Appropriations Oversight Aquaculture Architect Of The Capitol Architecture & Engineering Arctic Communities Arms Trade Treaty Implementation Army Corps Of Engineers Arts & Culture Arts And Cultural Institutions Asian Development Fund Automotive Behavioral Health Programs Beverages Biofuels Bond Markets Border Crossing Fees Border Migration Forecasting Border Security Procurement Border Vetting Operations Bureau Of Reclamation Business Entities Business Owners And Operators Business Regulation COPS Grants COVID-19 Relief Authorities Cancer Screening Services Cannabis Cannabis Industry Capitol Police Force Capitol Tours Carbon Capture Carbon Sequestration Industry Caregiving Census Charitable Contributors Charitable Organizations Child Welfare Child Welfare Services Children In Welfare System Chinese Companies Chinese Entities Civic & Social Organizations Civic Organizations Civil Liberties Civil Rights Advocacy Clean Hydrogen Production Climate Tech Cloud Computing Services Cloud Services Coast Guard Coast Guard Capital Planning Coast Guard Facilities Coast Guard Firefighting Services Coast Guard Leadership Coast Guard Legal Professionals Coast Guard Medical Personnel Coast Guard Members Coast Guard Mission Support Coast Guard Organizational Planning Coast Guard Personnel Coastal Communities Coastal Restoration Collectibles College Students Commercial Air Transport Commercial Space Industry Commodities Communications Equipment And Services Industry Community Development Community Development Finance Community Development Investing Community Health Centers Community Organizations Commuters Computer And Electronic Products Computer Hardware Computer Services Computers Congress Congressional Budget Office Congressional Committees Congressional Families Congressional Offices Congressional Oversight Access Congressional Representatives Congressional Security Congressional Staff Congressionally Directed Spending Construction Consumer Goods Consumers Convention & Trade Show Organizers Corporate Debtors Correctional Institutions Corrections Counties In North Carolina Courts Courts And Judicial Services Credit Intermediation Credit Intermediation And Related Activities Creditors Criminal Defendants Criminal Offenders Criminal Organizations Crisis Services Critical Infrastructure Cryptocurrency Cuban Americans And Their Families Cultural Institutions Custodial Services Custody Services Customs User Fees Cyber Forensics Training Cycling Industry DHS Budget Priorities DHS Departmental Oversight DHS Executive Management DHS User-Fee Budget Oversight DME Suppliers Defense Demographic Denied Enlistees Dentistry Department Of Health And Human Services Department Of Homeland Security Department Of Justice Department Of State Department Of The Interior Detention Services Detention Transfer Restrictions Development Finance Institutions Diagnostic Testing Dialysis Services Digital Art/Collectibles Digital Asset Custody Services Digital Asset Exchanges Diplomatic Corps Diplomatic Relations Diplomatic Service Diplomatic Services Direct Sales Disability Employment Services Disability Support Services Disaster Mitigation Funding Disaster Relief Administration Disaster Relief And Emergency Management Disaster Relief Funding Disaster Relief Oversight Disaster-Affected Regions District Of Columbia Divided Families DoD Border Support Oversight Domestic Businesses Domestic Procurement Dredging Industry Drug Enforcement Administration Drug Testing Products E-learning Services Economic Actors In Western Balkans Economic Development Economic Development Organizations Education Educational Services Election Assistance Commission Electric Power Transmission Electronic Equipment Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Electronics Emergency Communications Infrastructure Emergency Funding Emergency Management Emergency Management Grants Emergency Management Services Emergency Management Staffing Emergency Services Emerging Leaders Employee Benefits Administration Employment Services Employment Services Providers Employment Training Energy Environment Estate Planning Event Security Reimbursements Events & Tourism Families In Child Welfare System Family Caregivers Family Health Information Centers Family Health Information Services Family Planning Services Farm Credit Programs Farm Service Agency Federal Administration Federal Appropriations Federal Budget Offices Federal Budget Programs Federal Civil Service Federal Continuing Appropriations Federal Contracting Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal Employee Benefits Federal Employment Eligibility Federal Executive Agencies Federal Export Control Administration Federal Health Agencies Federal IT Compliance Federal IT Modernization Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Federal Programs Federal Regulation Federal Regulatory Agencies Federal Transit Administration Federal Travel Federal Wildlife Agencies Finance Financial Regulation Financial Services Fire Departments And Emergency Services Fire Protection Fire Protection Services Fire Safety Equipment Industry Firearms Firearms Collectors/Dealers Firearms Industry Firefighter Assistance Grants Firefighting Services Fish Processing Industry Fisheries Fisheries Industry Fishing & Forestry Flood Risk Mapping Food & Beverage Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs Programs Foreign Aid Foreign Assistance Programs Foreign Businesses Foreign Countries Foreign Entities Foreign Entities Engaged In Prohibited/Notifiable Technologies Foreign Investment Foreign Issuers Foreign Organizations Foreign Political Organizations Foreign Political Party Foreign Private Issuers Foreign Renewable Fuel Producers Foreign Satellite Operators Foreign Terrorist Organizations Foreign Visitors Forest Products Foster Care Foster Care Programs Foster Children Fuel Distribution Companies Future Beneficiaries Gambling And Betting Services Gambling Industry Participants Gaming General Contractors And Suppliers General Foreign Entities General Industry General Public General Services Administration Goods Importing Government Government Contractors Government Employees Governments And Aid Organizations Green Building Services Green Finance Gun Rights HVAC & Air Quality HVAC Industry Health Care Health Care Providers Health Care Services Health IT Health Programs Health Resources And Services Administration Healthcare Hemp Industry High-Income Individuals Highway Infrastructure Highway Trust Fund Historical Aircraft Preservation Organizations Home Improvement Services Homeland Security Acquisition Homeland Security Administration Homeland Security Appropriations Homeland Security Budget Transfers Homeland Security General Provisions Homeland Security Operations Homeland Security Oversight Homeland Security Procurement Homeland Security Program Management Homeland Security Shared Services Homeless Assistance Grants Homeowners Hospice Care Hospital Systems Hospitality Households Humanitarian Assistance Humanitarian Organizations ICE Spending Oversight IT Services Identity Verification Services Illegal Activities Illegal Drug Trafficking Immigrant Communities Immigration Indian Health Service Indigenous Affairs Indigenous Communities Individual Contributors Individual Investors Individual Savers Information Services International Affairs Professionals International Allies International Allies Of The U.S. International Allies Of The United States International Business International Cooperation Programs International Development International Development Finance International Development Organizations International Development Professionals International Development Projects International Drug Trafficking International Financial Institution International Governments International Organizations International Travelers Investigation & Security Services Investment Advice Investment And Development Companies Investment Firms Investment Fund Management Job Seekers Judicial Branch Judiciary Justice-Involved Families Juvenile Justice Kinship Caregivers Labor Laboratory Services Large Corporations Law Enforcement Legislative Administration Legislative Bodies Legislative Body Libraries And Archives Loan Guarantees Lobbying Local Communities Low-Income Households Manufacturing Marine Industry Marine Salvage Industry Media & Entertainment Medical Beneficiaries Medical Diagnostics Medical Facilities Medical Laboratories Medical Marijuana Patients Medical Professionals Merchant Wholesalers Mergers And Acquisitions Military Mining Motor Vehicle Owners Moving Services Multi-State Businesses Multifamily Development Museums Museums And Historical Sites Music Music Industry Music Production NATO Allies Nation Nation States National Archives And Records Administration National Guard National Health Service Corps National Laboratories National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration National Security Native Hawaiian Enterprises Native Hawaiian Organizations Natural Resource Trustees Naval Operations Naval Ship Maintenance Services Naval Support Facilities Naval Surface Vessel Maintenance Industry Naval Vehicles Naval Vessels Navy Ship Maintenance Navy Ship Maintenance Services Navy Ships Non-DoD Organizations Non-Profit Institutions Nonprofit Health Organizations Nonprofit Services Nonprofits Nuclear Energy Numismatics Nursing & Residential Care Nursing Care Facilities Office Of Justice Programs Office Of Management And Budget Office Of Navajo And Hopi Indian Relocation Office Of The Attending Physician Offices Of Physicians Oil & Gas Oil Refining Oil Trading Opioid Trafficking Organ Donors Organ Procurement Organ Transplantation Organized Crime Outdoor Recreation Outpatient Mental Health Centers Parents Pass-Through Entities Payment Processing Personal Finance Personal Savings Personal Vehicle Owners Pharmaceutical Disposal Products Pharmaceutical Distribution Pharmaceuticals Pharmacy Pharmacy Benefit Management Philanthropic Organizations Physicians And Surgeons Physicians Offices Political Contributors Political Leadership Political Organizations Port And Harbor Operations Port Authorities Port Infrastructure Poultry Production Prescription Drug Access Primary Care Services Printing And Related Support Activities Prison Population Prisons Private Detention Private Sector Professional Associations Professional Development Professional Services Professional, Scientific, And Technical Services Property Owners Protective Services Protective Services Funding Protective Services Oversight Publicly Traded Companies Qualified Pass-Through Entities Quality Measurement Real Estate Recent Graduates / Entry-Level Professionals Recovery Services Recreation Refugee Admissions RegTech Regulated Industries Regulatory Agency Religious Institutions Religious Organizations Relocation Services Renewable Energy Renewable Fuel Producers Research & Science Residential Residential Care Facilities Residential Communities Residential Homeowners Residential Treatment Facilities Restricted Federal Vendors Retail Retirement Savers Retirement Services Rural Communities SSI Beneficiaries Safety Training Satellite Communications Sea Transport Seafood Industry Security Services Self-Employment Senior Services Shipbuilding Small Business Social Security Social Services Social Work Space Agency Space Industry Space Launch Services Sports & Recreation State & Local Government State And Local Aging Services State Department Office Of Inspector General State Regulation Student Borrowers Students And Families Substance Abuse Prevention Substance Abuse Treatment Substance Abuse Treatment Centers Substance Use Disorder Treatment Substance Use Treatment Substance Users Sugar Industry Syrian Opposition Syrian Opposition Groups TANF TRICARE Beneficiaries TV/Movies/Music Tanker Security Program Tanning Services Tax Advisory Tax Preparation Services Tax-Exempt Organizations Taxation Taxpayers Technology Telecommunications Temporary Residents Tenant-Based Rental Assistance Territorial Customs Operations Terrorist Organizations Textile Industry Ticket Resale Tobacco Tobacco Industry Tobacco Products Tourism Tourism & Hospitality Trade Trade Associations Transit Agencies Transnational Criminal Organizations Transportation Travel And Tourism Travel Industry Travel Services Treasury Forfeiture Fund Oversight Tribal Nations Trust And Estate Planning Services U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Customs And Border Protection U.S. Department Of State U.S. Residents U.S. State Department Leadership Unemployment Trust Fund United States Capitol Police United States Central Command United States Coast Guard United States European Command United States Secret Service Unmanned Aircraft Systems Unmanned Ground Vehicle Systems Industry Urban Planning Services Utilities Vector Control Programs Venture Capital Veterans Victim Services WIC Waste Management Waste Management & Recycling Waste Management & Remediation Water Infrastructure Weather & Ocean Services Whistleblowers Wildfire Suppression Wildlife Wildlife Trafficking Youth Prevention Services Youth Programs

hr4942-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To provide incentives to physicians to practice in rural and medically underserved communities, and for other purposes.

5 clauses Jul 26, 2023

hr4820-118

Primary Sponsor Reported

Making appropriations for the Departments of Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and related agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes.

129 clauses Jul 24, 2023

hr4832-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Indian Self-Determination Act and the Indian Health Care Improvement Act to provide advance appropriations authority for certain accounts of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Bureau of Indian Education of the Department of the Interior and the Indian Health Service of the Department of Health and Human Services, and for other purposes.

3 clauses Jul 24, 2023

hr4749-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To reauthorize the Helen Keller National Center Act.

1 clause Jul 19, 2023

hr4721-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to make permanent the deduction for qualified business income.

2 clauses Jul 18, 2023

hres583-118

Primary Sponsor Passed House

Providing for further consideration of the bill (H.R. 2670) to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2024 for military activities of the Department of Defense and for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes.

4 clauses Jul 13, 2023
Technology

hres582-118

Primary Sponsor Passed House

Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2670) to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2024 for military activities of the Department of Defense and for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes.

5 clauses Jul 12, 2023
Technology

hr4563-118

Cosponsor Reported

To promote election integrity, voter confidence, and faith in elections by removing Federal impediments to, equipping States with tools for, and establishing voluntary considerations to support effective State administration of Federal elections, improving election administration in the District of Columbia, improving the effectiveness of military voting programs, enhancing election security, and protecting political speech, and for other purposes.

341 clauses Jul 11, 2023

hr4562-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend title 38, United States Code, to make certain improvements to laws relating to the payment of certain benefits administered by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs that are affected by death, and for other purposes.

0 clauses Jul 11, 2023

hr4524-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Indian Law Enforcement Reform Act to provide for advancements in public safety services to Indian communities, and for other purposes.

3 clauses Jul 10, 2023

hr4238-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to increase penalties for individuals who illegally reenter the United States after being removed, and for other purposes.

1 clause Jun 21, 2023

hr4155-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To provide for rental assistance for homeless or at-risk Indian veterans, and for other purposes.

1 clause Jun 15, 2023

hr3916-118

Cosponsor Reported

To amend the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize and improve the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program for fiscal years 2024 through 2028, and for other purposes.

7 clauses Jun 7, 2023

hres456-118

Primary Sponsor Passed House

Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 3746) to provide for a responsible increase to the debt ceiling.

1 clause May 30, 2023
Technology

hr3461-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend part B of title IV of the Social Security Act to require States to comply with Federal standards established under the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978.

3 clauses May 18, 2023

hr3403-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend part B of title IV of the Social Security Act to require States to comply with Federal standards established under the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978.

3 clauses May 17, 2023

hr3400-118

Cosponsor Reported

To amend the National Labor Relations Act to adjust the dollar thresholds for National Labor Relations Board jurisdiction over certain labor disputes, and for other purposes.

6 clauses May 17, 2023
Government Small Business Retail Labor

hr3363-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend title 38, United States Code, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to submit a report annually to Congress on the average time to provide a veteran with a service dog or a guide dog, and for other purposes.

2 clauses May 16, 2023

hr3391-118

Cosponsor Reported

To extend the Gabriella Miller Kids First Pediatric Research Program at the National Institutes of Health, and for other purposes.

11 clauses May 16, 2023

hr3235-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To grant a Federal charter to the National American Indian Veterans, Incorporated.

14 clauses May 11, 2023

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Explore affected groups in Policy Effects to view supporting evidence. Existing clause links also open here.