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Rand Paul

Rand Paul

R KY · Senate

2025–Present Senate
2023–2025 Senate
2021–2023 Senate
2019–2021 Senate
2017–2019 Senate
2015–2017 Senate
2013–2015 Senate
2011–2013 Senate
Vote Date:
to

Defense

-59
Helped 769 Hurt 828 Unclear 512

Healthcare

+57
Helped 295 Hurt 238 Unclear 182

Finance

-36
Helped 223 Hurt 259 Unclear 82

Agriculture

+109
Helped 279 Hurt 170 Unclear 108

Veterans Affairs

+184
Helped 326 Hurt 142 Unclear 80

Energy

-35
Helped 208 Hurt 243 Unclear 78

Education

-13
Helped 127 Hurt 140 Unclear 78

Appropriations

+93
Helped 203 Hurt 110 Unclear 17

Trade

+18
Helped 140 Hurt 122 Unclear 27

Federal Budget

+162
Helped 207 Hurt 45 Unclear 36

Housing

+90
Helped 158 Hurt 68 Unclear 13

Transportation

-48
Helped 69 Hurt 117 Unclear 47

Immigration

-116
Helped 31 Hurt 147 Unclear 37

Government Operations

-6
Helped 55 Hurt 61 Unclear 69

Technology

+11
Helped 79 Hurt 68 Unclear 29

Environment

-52
Helped 48 Hurt 100 Unclear 22

Labor

-21
Helped 42 Hurt 63 Unclear 43

Science & Space

+6
Helped 67 Hurt 61 Unclear 15

Criminal Justice

+19
Helped 74 Hurt 55 Unclear 10

Foreign Policy

0
Helped 58 Hurt 58 Unclear 19
20 policy domains
Helped Hurt Mixed Unclear

Industry Impact Profile

10368 industry impacts

All entities →
How this is computed

P Primary sponsor · C Co-sponsor · Y Yea vote · N Nay vote

Weighted score (w:) uses strongest role per bill. Weights: Primary 1.0, Co-sponsor 0.3, Yea 0.1, Nay -0.1.

Bills where the legislator voted nay (without sponsorship) contribute -0.1 per bill. Equal yea and nay roll calls on the same bill contribute 0.

Vote date filters affect vote attribution; sponsorship is always included.

Positive-Effect Industries

Direct (1328), Veterans Affairs (114), Defense (93), DoD (33), VA (19), Executive (16), USDA (16), Legislative (13), Congress (12), Treasury (12), Agriculture (11), CMS (9), NPS (7), State (7), Justice (6), Oversight (6), DOJ (4), Education (4), Foreign Affairs (4), ICE (4), Judiciary (4), DHS (3), Transportation (3), Cemeteries (2), FDA (2), FEMA (2), Housing (2), Interior/USDA (2), International Development (2), Local (2), Military Logistics (2), NASA (2), SBA (2), SSA (2), Defense R&D (1), HHS (1), Intelligence (1), Judicial (1), Manufacturing (1)
Direct (246), Veterans (121), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2)
Direct (212), Naval (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1), Missiles (1), Missiles/Hypersonics (1), Nuclear C3 (1), Rotorcraft (1), Small Business (1), Small/Innovative (1), Space Systems (1)
Direct (179), Research (15), Community (3), Tribal (3)
Direct (154), Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2)
Direct (154), Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
Direct (140), Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)

Negative-Effect Industries

Direct (955), Defense (66), Veterans Affairs (66), EPA (22), NPS (11), FDA (9), Education (8), Agriculture (7), BLM (7), Forest Service (7), HHS (7), Foreign (5), CFPB (4), Judiciary (4), Treasury/IRS (4), VA (4), DHS (3), Executive (3), Legislative (3), NOAA (3), NOAA/EPA (3), SEC (3), Acquisition (2), Congress (2), DOJ (2), Defense Acquisition (2), Intelligence (2), Military (2), Coast Guard (1), DoD (1), Energy/Defense (1), Executive Agencies (1), Health (1), Housing (1), Interior Department (1), NNSA (1), Space Force (1), Strategic Command (1), Treasury (1), U.S. Coast Guard (1), USDA (1), Waste Management (1)
Direct (144), Nuclear (2), Logistics (1), Maintenance (1)
Direct (100), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2), Reproductive Health (2), Safety Net Providers (2)
Direct (65), Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (1), Foreign Adversary (1)

Click any row to see supporting clauses

Showing positive and negative-direction effects only. Mixed and uncertain effects are not included in these counts.

Votes by Industry (Yea/Nay Alignment)

How this legislator's Yea/Nay votes landed across industries; distinct from overall bill exposure above.

Analysis coverage
100.0% of votes
Show vote-alignment table
S+ Supported Benefits
S- Supported Burdens
O+ Opposed Benefits
O- Opposed Burdens
Industry S+ S- O+ O- Net
Government (58 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans Affairs (180), Defense (158), DoD (34), VA (23), EPA (22) +53 more
-721
General Public (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans (141), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2), Taxpayers (1)
-224
Defense (14 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Naval (2), Nuclear (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1) +9 more
-58
Military (2 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Families (1), Space Force (1)
- -95
Healthcare (8 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Research (15), Community (3), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Tribal (3), Family Planning Services (2) +3 more
- -85
Education (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)
-50
Construction (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
- -119
Taxpayers - - -18
Agriculture (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2), Coffee Production (1)
- - -140
Manufacturing (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (2), Defense (1), Foreign Adversary (1)
-1
Transportation - +13
Immigration - - +107
Financial Services (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): HSA (7), HSA Administration (2), Transgender Individuals (1)
- -31
State & Local Government (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (4), Non-Expansion (3)
- - -19
Energy (1 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Distributed Generation (1)
- - -22

Votes are cast on entire bills; attribution to individual clauses does not imply clause-level intent. Learn more

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

s4373-118

Primary Sponsor Reported

To provide for congressional approval of national emergency declarations.

26 clauses May 21, 2024
Civil Rights Advocacy Health Care Providers Foreign Affairs Transportation

s4290-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To permit voluntary economic activity.

0 clauses May 8, 2024

s4291-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To repeal the limitations on multiple ownership of radio and television stations imposed by the Federal Communications Commission, to prohibit the Federal Communications Commission from limiting common ownership of daily newspapers and full-power broadcast stations, and for other purposes.

3 clauses May 8, 2024
Information Technology

s3900-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To prohibit no-knock warrants, and for other purposes.

1 clause Mar 11, 2024
Environmental Services

s3664-118

Primary Sponsor Reported

To require executive branch employees to report certain royalties, and for other purposes.

6 clauses Jan 25, 2024
Federal Administration Financial Services Health Care Providers Agricultural Producers

s3566-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To require a full audit of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal reserve banks by the Comptroller General of the United States, and for other purposes.

1 clause Jan 10, 2024
Financial Services

s3403-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to establish a Medicare payment option for patients and eligible professionals to freely contract, without penalty, for Medicare fee-for-service items and services, while allowing Medicare beneficiaries to use their Medicare benefits.

3 clauses Dec 5, 2023
Federal Administration Health Care Providers

s3372-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 to prohibit the use of authorities under such Act to surveil United States persons and to prohibit the use of information acquired under such Act in any criminal, civil, or administrative proceeding or as part of any criminal, civil, or administrative investigation.

0 clauses Nov 30, 2023

s3255-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To establish a new nonimmigrant category for alien relatives of United States citizens and lawful permanent residents seeking to enter the United States temporarily for family purposes, and for other purposes.

1 clause Nov 8, 2023
Federal Administration Health Care Providers

s3016-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to repeal the clean vehicle credit.

2 clauses Oct 4, 2023
Energy Production

s2802-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to remove a prohibition on the use of funds relating to the provision of a dangerous weapon or training in the use of a dangerous weapon.

1 clause Sep 14, 2023

sres336-118

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Prohibiting the imposition of vaccination requirements relating to COVID–19 for Senate Pages.

1 clause Sep 12, 2023
Federal Administration

sres332-118

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Prohibiting the imposition of vaccination, testing, and masking requirements relating to COVID–19 for Senate Pages.

1 clause Sep 7, 2023
Federal Administration

s2602-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To limit the scope of regulations issued by the Secretary of Health and Human Services to control communicable diseases, and for other purposes.

1 clause Jul 27, 2023
Federal Administration Health Care Providers

s2552-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To provide for the independent and objective conduct and supervision of audits and investigations relating to the programs and operations funded with amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to Ukraine for military, economic, and humanitarian aid.

11 clauses Jul 26, 2023
Federal Administration Defense Contractors

s2425-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To prohibit Federal employees and contractors from directing online platforms to censor any speech that is protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, and for other purposes.

9 clauses Jul 20, 2023
Federal Administration Labor Environmental Services

sres266-118

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Expressing the sense of the Senate regarding the relationship between certain obligations under the North Atlantic Treaty and constitutional declarations of war by Congress.

1 clause Jun 22, 2023
Defense Contractors

s1937-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to repeal the excise tax on indoor tanning services.

2 clauses Jun 13, 2023
Immigration Services

s1872-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To repeal the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force.

0 clauses Jun 8, 2023

s960-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To replace the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases with 3 separate national research institutes.

1 clause Mar 23, 2023
Healthcare Consumers Scientific Research Environmental Groups Federal Government

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Click an industry from the Impact Profile to view supporting clauses

Policy Mechanisms Used

Industry Focus Distribution