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Jack Reed

Analysis

D RI · Senate

2025–Present Senate

2023–2025 Senate

2021–2023 Senate

2019–2021 Senate

2017–2019 Senate

2015–2017 Senate

2013–2015 Senate

2011–2013 Senate

2009–2011 Senate

2007–2009 Senate

2005–2007 Senate

2003–2005 Senate

2001–2003 Senate

1999–2001 Senate

1997–1999 Senate

1995–1997 House Of Representatives (District 2)

1993–1995 House Of Representatives (District 2)

1991–1993 House Of Representatives (District 2)

Defense

-16

Helped 947 Hurt 963 Unclear 1754

Government Operations

-24

Helped 62 Hurt 86 Unclear 1092

Healthcare

+150

Helped 424 Hurt 274 Unclear 533

Finance

-92

Helped 314 Hurt 406 Unclear 192

Education

+38

Helped 311 Hurt 273 Unclear 249

Energy

-19

Helped 247 Hurt 266 Unclear 103

Veterans Affairs

+186

Helped 341 Hurt 155 Unclear 82

Agriculture

+108

Helped 280 Hurt 172 Unclear 109

Trade

-46

Helped 162 Hurt 208 Unclear 38

Transportation

-60

Helped 103 Hurt 163 Unclear 128

Labor

+55

Helped 158 Hurt 103 Unclear 127

Appropriations

+90

Helped 210 Hurt 120 Unclear 17

Housing

+141

Helped 230 Hurt 89 Unclear 15

Environment

-38

Helped 86 Hurt 124 Unclear 100

Federal Budget

+162

Helped 207 Hurt 45 Unclear 36

Technology

+40

Helped 132 Hurt 92 Unclear 43

Criminal Justice

+24

Helped 134 Hurt 110 Unclear 18

Immigration

-113

Helped 30 Hurt 143 Unclear 72

Foreign Policy

-9

Helped 94 Hurt 103 Unclear 32

Science & Space

+36

Helped 90 Hurt 54 Unclear 14

20 policy domains

Helped Hurt Mixed Unclear

Industry Impact Profile

13341 industry impacts

All entities →

How this is computed

P Primary sponsor · C Co-sponsor · Y Yea vote · N Nay vote

Weighted score (w:) uses strongest role per bill. Weights: Primary 1.0, Co-sponsor 0.3, Yea 0.1, Nay -0.1.

Bills where the legislator voted nay (without sponsorship) contribute -0.1 per bill. Equal yea and nay roll calls on the same bill contribute 0.

Vote date filters affect vote attribution; sponsorship is always included.

Positive-Effect Industries

Government 1866 P·70 C·100 Y·1649 N·1403 w:18.5

Direct (1406), Veterans Affairs (115), Defense (102), DoD (33), VA (19), Executive (16), USDA (16), Legislative (14), State (14), Treasury (14), Congress (13), Agriculture (11), CMS (9), Justice (8), NPS (7), Oversight (6), Judiciary (5), DOJ (4), Education (4), Foreign Affairs (4), ICE (4), DHS (3), Federal (3), Local (3), Transportation (3), Cemeteries (2), FDA (2), FEMA (2), Housing (2), Interior/USDA (2), International Development (2), Military Logistics (2), NASA (2), SBA (2), SSA (2), Defense R&D (1), Election Workers (1), Employees (1), HHS (1), Homeland Security (1), Intelligence (1), Judicial (1), Local Election Administration (1), Manufacturing (1), State/Local (1)

General Public 568 P·18 C·187 Y·359 N·351 w:11.7

Direct (410), Veterans (121), Military Families (16), Minority Voters (5), Voters (4), Military (3), District Of Columbia (2), Foreign (2), Native American Voters (2), Capital District (1), Language Minority Voters (1), Students (1)

Defense 300 P·73 C·3 Y·209 N·123 w:5.0

Direct (287), Naval (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1), Missiles (1), Missiles/Hypersonics (1), Nuclear C3 (1), Rotorcraft (1), Small Business (1), Small/Innovative (1), Space Systems (1)

Military 268 P·39 C·5 Y·224 N·109 w:2.2

Direct (267), Families (1)

Healthcare 252 P·3 C·50 Y·197 N·190 w:5.2

Direct (214), Patients (16), Research (15), Community (3), Tribal (3), Hospitals (1)

Education 240 P·34 C·63 Y·143 N·121 w:14.9

Direct (232), Child Care (3), Higher Education (1), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1), Vocational (1)

Construction 208 P·51 Y·156 N·132 w:1.2

Direct (205), Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)

Agriculture 163 P·1 C·7 Y·155 N·151 w:3.3

Direct (155), Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2)

Financial Services 118 P·8 C·27 Y·75 N·80 w:11.4

Direct (109), HSA (7), HSA Administration (2)

State & Local Government 117 P·7 C·35 Y·73 N·67 w:4.1

Direct (109), Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (2)

Negative-Effect Industries

Government 1754 P·173 C·552 Y·955 N·840 w:50.4

Direct (1366), Defense (83), Veterans Affairs (66), Judiciary (34), EPA (22), Federal (18), State (16), Education (11), NPS (11), State/Local (11), FDA (9), HHS (8), VA (8), Agriculture (7), BLM (7), Forest Service (7), Foreign (5), Legislative (5), CFPB (4), Treasury/IRS (4), DHS (3), Executive (3), NOAA (3), NOAA/EPA (3), SEC (3), Acquisition (2), Congress (2), Defense Acquisition (2), Intelligence (2), Local (2), Local Election Administration (2), Military (2), Regulatory (2), State Election Administration (2), State Legislatures (2), State/Local Election Administration (2), Coast Guard (1), DoD (1), Energy/Defense (1), GAO (1), Housing (1), Interior Department (1), Justice (1), NNSA (1), OPM (1), Space Force (1), Strategic Command (1), Treasury (1), U.S. Coast Guard (1), USDA (1), Waste Management (1)

General Public 172 P·1 C·40 Y·129 N·120 w:5.6

Direct (150), Veterans (20), Bad Actors (1), Taxpayers (1)

Defense 160 P·11 C·1 Y·142 N·60 w:2.5

Direct (156), Nuclear (2), Logistics (1), Maintenance (1)

Financial Services 156 P·11 C·91 Y·51 N·53 w:14.3

Direct (155), Transgender Individuals (1)

State & Local Government 144 P·1 C·87 Y·54 N·56 w:2.6

Direct (139), Non-Expansion (3), Medicaid Programs (2)

Military 143 P·8 Y·132 N·56 w:1.1

Direct (142), Space Force (1)

Education 135 P·21 C·25 Y·89 N·85 w:12.2

Immigration 127 Y·127 N·127 w:0.1

Healthcare 119 C·9 Y·103 N·105 w:1.2

Direct (108), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2), Reproductive Health (2), Safety Net Providers (2)

Transportation 105 P·11 C·20 Y·74 N·44 w:5.4

Click any row to see supporting clauses

Showing positive and negative-direction effects only. Mixed and uncertain effects are not included in these counts.

Votes by Industry (Yea/Nay Alignment)

How this legislator's Yea/Nay votes landed across industries; distinct from overall bill exposure above.

Analysis coverage

100.0% of votes

Show vote-alignment table

S+ Supported Benefits

S- Supported Burdens

O+ Opposed Benefits

O- Opposed Burdens

Industry	S+	S-	Net
Government (58 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans Affairs (180), Defense (158), DoD (34), VA (23), EPA (22) +53 more			-373
General Public (5 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans (141), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2), Taxpayers (1)			+40
Defense (14 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Naval (2), Nuclear (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1) +9 more			-50
Military (2 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Families (1), Space Force (1)			-13
Healthcare (8 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Research (15), Community (3), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Tribal (3), Family Planning Services (2) +3 more			+57
Education (4 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)			-8
Construction (3 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)			+45
Taxpayers	-	-	-18
Agriculture (5 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2), Coffee Production (1)			-96
Manufacturing (4 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (2), Defense (1), Foreign Adversary (1)			+7
Transportation			+13
Immigration	-	-	+107
Financial Services (3 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): HSA (7), HSA Administration (2), Transgender Individuals (1)			-23
State & Local Government (3 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (4), Non-Expansion (3)		-	-1
Energy (1 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Distributed Generation (1)			-28

Votes are cast on entire bills; attribution to individual clauses does not imply clause-level intent. Learn more

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

All Roles Sponsor Cosponsor

All Industries Construction Defense Education Financial Services General Public Government Healthcare Military State & Local Government Transportation

s1742-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to prohibit employment of children in tobacco-related agriculture as oppressive child labor.

1 clause May 13, 2025

Agricultural Producers

s1714-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 to require the exclusion of service-connected disability compensation when determining whether a person is a person of low and moderate income, a person of low income, or a person of moderate income, and for other purposes.

2 clauses May 12, 2025

Federal Administration Defense Contractors

sres214-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A resolution recognizing the significance of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Heritage Month as an important time to celebrate the significant contributions of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders to the history of the United States.

1 clause May 8, 2025

Transportation

s1677-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Ensuring Lasting Smiles Act

4 clauses May 8, 2025

Federal Administration Health Care Providers

s1663-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To prohibit commercial sexual orientation conversion therapy, and for other purposes.

1 clause May 7, 2025

Trade

s1668-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend chapter 131 of title 5, United States Code, to prohibit the President, Vice President, Members of Congress, and individuals appointed to Senate-confirmed positions from issuing, sponsoring, or endorsing certain financial instruments, and for other purposes.

5 clauses May 7, 2025

Financial Services Environmental Services

s1609-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Ellie’s Law

2 clauses May 6, 2025

Health Care Providers

sres201-119

Cosponsor Introduced

A resolution expressing support for the designation of the week of May 4, 2025, through May 10, 2025, as "National Small Business Week" to celebrate the contributions of small businesses and entrepreneurs in every community in the United States.

1 clause May 5, 2025

s1576-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to expand the denial of deduction for certain excessive employee remuneration, and for other purposes.

2 clauses May 1, 2025

Financial Services Federal Administration

s1531-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Assault Weapons Ban of 2025

4 clauses Apr 30, 2025

Financial Services Health Care Providers Defense Contractors Immigration Services

sres193-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

A resolution designating April 2025 as "Financial Literacy Month".

1 clause Apr 30, 2025

Education

s1503-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Equality Act

10 clauses Apr 29, 2025

Government Mental Health Services Retail Trade Legal Services

s1486-119

Cosponsor In Committee

COAST Anti-Drilling Act of 2025

0 clauses Apr 10, 2025

s1472-119

Cosponsor In Committee

New England Coastal Protection Act

0 clauses Apr 10, 2025

s1467-119

Primary Sponsor Passed Senate

Homebuyers Privacy Protection Act

2 clauses Apr 10, 2025

Consumer Finance Mortgage Lending Credit Reporting Depository Institutions

s1420-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Child Care Nutrition Enhancement Act of 2025

1 clause Apr 10, 2025

Services for Elderly and Disabled Child Day Care Services Federal Government

sres169-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A resolution expressing support for the staff of public, school, academic, and special libraries in the United States and the essential services those libraries provide to communities, recognizing the need for funding commensurate with the broad scope of social service and community supports provided by libraries, preserving the right of all citizens of the United States to freely access information and resources in their communities, supporting a strong union voice for library workers, and defending the civil rights of library staff.

1 clause Apr 10, 2025

Education and Libraries