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Rand Paul

Rand Paul

R KY · Senate

2025–Present Senate
2023–2025 Senate
2021–2023 Senate
2019–2021 Senate
2017–2019 Senate
2015–2017 Senate
2013–2015 Senate
2011–2013 Senate
Vote Date:
to

Defense

-59
Helped 769 Hurt 828 Unclear 512

Healthcare

+57
Helped 295 Hurt 238 Unclear 182

Finance

-36
Helped 223 Hurt 259 Unclear 82

Agriculture

+109
Helped 279 Hurt 170 Unclear 108

Veterans Affairs

+184
Helped 326 Hurt 142 Unclear 80

Energy

-35
Helped 208 Hurt 243 Unclear 78

Education

-13
Helped 127 Hurt 140 Unclear 78

Appropriations

+93
Helped 203 Hurt 110 Unclear 17

Trade

+18
Helped 140 Hurt 122 Unclear 27

Federal Budget

+162
Helped 207 Hurt 45 Unclear 36

Housing

+90
Helped 158 Hurt 68 Unclear 13

Transportation

-48
Helped 69 Hurt 117 Unclear 47

Immigration

-116
Helped 31 Hurt 147 Unclear 37

Government Operations

-6
Helped 55 Hurt 61 Unclear 69

Technology

+11
Helped 79 Hurt 68 Unclear 29

Environment

-52
Helped 48 Hurt 100 Unclear 22

Labor

-21
Helped 42 Hurt 63 Unclear 43

Science & Space

+6
Helped 67 Hurt 61 Unclear 15

Criminal Justice

+19
Helped 74 Hurt 55 Unclear 10

Foreign Policy

0
Helped 58 Hurt 58 Unclear 19
20 policy domains
Helped Hurt Mixed Unclear

Industry Impact Profile

10368 industry impacts

All entities →
How this is computed

P Primary sponsor · C Co-sponsor · Y Yea vote · N Nay vote

Weighted score (w:) uses strongest role per bill. Weights: Primary 1.0, Co-sponsor 0.3, Yea 0.1, Nay -0.1.

Bills where the legislator voted nay (without sponsorship) contribute -0.1 per bill. Equal yea and nay roll calls on the same bill contribute 0.

Vote date filters affect vote attribution; sponsorship is always included.

Positive-Effect Industries

Direct (1328), Veterans Affairs (114), Defense (93), DoD (33), VA (19), Executive (16), USDA (16), Legislative (13), Congress (12), Treasury (12), Agriculture (11), CMS (9), NPS (7), State (7), Justice (6), Oversight (6), DOJ (4), Education (4), Foreign Affairs (4), ICE (4), Judiciary (4), DHS (3), Transportation (3), Cemeteries (2), FDA (2), FEMA (2), Housing (2), Interior/USDA (2), International Development (2), Local (2), Military Logistics (2), NASA (2), SBA (2), SSA (2), Defense R&D (1), HHS (1), Intelligence (1), Judicial (1), Manufacturing (1)
Direct (246), Veterans (121), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2)
Direct (212), Naval (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1), Missiles (1), Missiles/Hypersonics (1), Nuclear C3 (1), Rotorcraft (1), Small Business (1), Small/Innovative (1), Space Systems (1)
Direct (179), Research (15), Community (3), Tribal (3)
Direct (154), Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2)
Direct (154), Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
Direct (140), Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)

Negative-Effect Industries

Direct (955), Defense (66), Veterans Affairs (66), EPA (22), NPS (11), FDA (9), Education (8), Agriculture (7), BLM (7), Forest Service (7), HHS (7), Foreign (5), CFPB (4), Judiciary (4), Treasury/IRS (4), VA (4), DHS (3), Executive (3), Legislative (3), NOAA (3), NOAA/EPA (3), SEC (3), Acquisition (2), Congress (2), DOJ (2), Defense Acquisition (2), Intelligence (2), Military (2), Coast Guard (1), DoD (1), Energy/Defense (1), Executive Agencies (1), Health (1), Housing (1), Interior Department (1), NNSA (1), Space Force (1), Strategic Command (1), Treasury (1), U.S. Coast Guard (1), USDA (1), Waste Management (1)
Direct (144), Nuclear (2), Logistics (1), Maintenance (1)
Direct (100), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2), Reproductive Health (2), Safety Net Providers (2)
Direct (65), Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (1), Foreign Adversary (1)

Click any row to see supporting clauses

Showing positive and negative-direction effects only. Mixed and uncertain effects are not included in these counts.

Votes by Industry (Yea/Nay Alignment)

How this legislator's Yea/Nay votes landed across industries; distinct from overall bill exposure above.

Analysis coverage
100.0% of votes
Show vote-alignment table
S+ Supported Benefits
S- Supported Burdens
O+ Opposed Benefits
O- Opposed Burdens
Industry S+ S- O+ O- Net
Government (58 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans Affairs (180), Defense (158), DoD (34), VA (23), EPA (22) +53 more
-721
General Public (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans (141), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2), Taxpayers (1)
-224
Defense (14 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Naval (2), Nuclear (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1) +9 more
-58
Military (2 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Families (1), Space Force (1)
- -95
Healthcare (8 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Research (15), Community (3), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Tribal (3), Family Planning Services (2) +3 more
- -85
Education (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)
-50
Construction (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
- -119
Taxpayers - - -18
Agriculture (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2), Coffee Production (1)
- - -140
Manufacturing (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (2), Defense (1), Foreign Adversary (1)
-1
Transportation - +13
Immigration - - +107
Financial Services (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): HSA (7), HSA Administration (2), Transgender Individuals (1)
- -31
State & Local Government (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (4), Non-Expansion (3)
- - -19
Energy (1 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Distributed Generation (1)
- - -22

Votes are cast on entire bills; attribution to individual clauses does not imply clause-level intent. Learn more

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

s4373-118

Primary Sponsor Reported

To provide for congressional approval of national emergency declarations.

26 clauses May 21, 2024
Civil Rights Advocacy Health Care Providers Foreign Affairs Transportation

sres697-118

Cosponsor

Designating the week of May 12 through May 18, 2024, as National Police Week.

1 clause May 16, 2024

s4291-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To repeal the limitations on multiple ownership of radio and television stations imposed by the Federal Communications Commission, to prohibit the Federal Communications Commission from limiting common ownership of daily newspapers and full-power broadcast stations, and for other purposes.

3 clauses May 8, 2024
Information Technology

s4290-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To permit voluntary economic activity.

0 clauses May 8, 2024

sres673-118

Cosponsor

Honoring the life of David Hampton Pryor, former United States Senator for the State of Arkansas.

0 clauses May 2, 2024

sres668-118

Cosponsor

Honoring the life of Daniel Robert Bob Graham, former Senator for the State of Florida.

0 clauses May 1, 2024

sres655-118

Cosponsor

Honoring the life of Joseph Isadore Lieberman, former Senator for the State of Connecticut.

0 clauses Apr 18, 2024

s3900-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To prohibit no-knock warrants, and for other purposes.

1 clause Mar 11, 2024
Environmental Services

sres580-118

Cosponsor In Committee

Expressing opposition to congressional spending on earmarks.

1 clause Mar 7, 2024
Federal Administration

sres553-118

Cosponsor

Honoring the life of Jean A. Carnahan, former Senator for the State of Missouri.

0 clauses Feb 8, 2024

s3707-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To require the Secretary of State to submit annual reports reviewing the educational material used by the Palestinian Authority in schools, and for other purposes.

2 clauses Jan 31, 2024
Federal Administration Education

s3664-118

Primary Sponsor Reported

To require executive branch employees to report certain royalties, and for other purposes.

6 clauses Jan 25, 2024
Federal Administration Financial Services Health Care Providers Agricultural Producers

s3624-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To restrict the availability of Federal funds to organizations associated with the abortion industry.

1 clause Jan 18, 2024
Environmental Services

sres523-118

Cosponsor

Honoring the life and legacy of the late Senator Herb Kohl.

0 clauses Jan 11, 2024

s3566-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To require a full audit of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal reserve banks by the Comptroller General of the United States, and for other purposes.

1 clause Jan 10, 2024
Financial Services

sres492-118

Cosponsor

Honoring the life of First Lady Rosalynn Carter.

0 clauses Dec 7, 2023

s3403-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to establish a Medicare payment option for patients and eligible professionals to freely contract, without penalty, for Medicare fee-for-service items and services, while allowing Medicare beneficiaries to use their Medicare benefits.

3 clauses Dec 5, 2023
Federal Administration Health Care Providers

s3372-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 to prohibit the use of authorities under such Act to surveil United States persons and to prohibit the use of information acquired under such Act in any criminal, civil, or administrative proceeding or as part of any criminal, civil, or administrative investigation.

0 clauses Nov 30, 2023

s3255-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To establish a new nonimmigrant category for alien relatives of United States citizens and lawful permanent residents seeking to enter the United States temporarily for family purposes, and for other purposes.

1 clause Nov 8, 2023
Federal Administration Health Care Providers

sres420-118

Cosponsor

Designating Betty K. Koed as Historian Emerita of the United States Senate.

0 clauses Oct 19, 2023

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Policy Mechanisms Used

Industry Focus Distribution