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Rand Paul

Rand Paul

R KY · Senate

2025–Present Senate
2023–2025 Senate
2021–2023 Senate
2019–2021 Senate
2017–2019 Senate
2015–2017 Senate
2013–2015 Senate
2011–2013 Senate
Vote Date:
to

Defense

-59
Helped 769 Hurt 828 Unclear 512

Healthcare

+57
Helped 295 Hurt 238 Unclear 182

Finance

-36
Helped 223 Hurt 259 Unclear 82

Agriculture

+109
Helped 279 Hurt 170 Unclear 108

Veterans Affairs

+184
Helped 326 Hurt 142 Unclear 80

Energy

-35
Helped 208 Hurt 243 Unclear 78

Education

-13
Helped 127 Hurt 140 Unclear 78

Appropriations

+93
Helped 203 Hurt 110 Unclear 17

Trade

+18
Helped 140 Hurt 122 Unclear 27

Federal Budget

+162
Helped 207 Hurt 45 Unclear 36

Housing

+90
Helped 158 Hurt 68 Unclear 13

Transportation

-48
Helped 69 Hurt 117 Unclear 47

Immigration

-116
Helped 31 Hurt 147 Unclear 37

Government Operations

-6
Helped 55 Hurt 61 Unclear 69

Technology

+11
Helped 79 Hurt 68 Unclear 29

Environment

-52
Helped 48 Hurt 100 Unclear 22

Labor

-21
Helped 42 Hurt 63 Unclear 43

Science & Space

+6
Helped 67 Hurt 61 Unclear 15

Criminal Justice

+19
Helped 74 Hurt 55 Unclear 10

Foreign Policy

0
Helped 58 Hurt 58 Unclear 19
20 policy domains
Helped Hurt Mixed Unclear

Industry Impact Profile

10368 industry impacts

All entities →
How this is computed

P Primary sponsor · C Co-sponsor · Y Yea vote · N Nay vote

Weighted score (w:) uses strongest role per bill. Weights: Primary 1.0, Co-sponsor 0.3, Yea 0.1, Nay -0.1.

Bills where the legislator voted nay (without sponsorship) contribute -0.1 per bill. Equal yea and nay roll calls on the same bill contribute 0.

Vote date filters affect vote attribution; sponsorship is always included.

Positive-Effect Industries

Direct (1328), Veterans Affairs (114), Defense (93), DoD (33), VA (19), Executive (16), USDA (16), Legislative (13), Congress (12), Treasury (12), Agriculture (11), CMS (9), NPS (7), State (7), Justice (6), Oversight (6), DOJ (4), Education (4), Foreign Affairs (4), ICE (4), Judiciary (4), DHS (3), Transportation (3), Cemeteries (2), FDA (2), FEMA (2), Housing (2), Interior/USDA (2), International Development (2), Local (2), Military Logistics (2), NASA (2), SBA (2), SSA (2), Defense R&D (1), HHS (1), Intelligence (1), Judicial (1), Manufacturing (1)
Direct (246), Veterans (121), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2)
Direct (212), Naval (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1), Missiles (1), Missiles/Hypersonics (1), Nuclear C3 (1), Rotorcraft (1), Small Business (1), Small/Innovative (1), Space Systems (1)
Direct (179), Research (15), Community (3), Tribal (3)
Direct (154), Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2)
Direct (154), Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
Direct (140), Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)

Negative-Effect Industries

Direct (955), Defense (66), Veterans Affairs (66), EPA (22), NPS (11), FDA (9), Education (8), Agriculture (7), BLM (7), Forest Service (7), HHS (7), Foreign (5), CFPB (4), Judiciary (4), Treasury/IRS (4), VA (4), DHS (3), Executive (3), Legislative (3), NOAA (3), NOAA/EPA (3), SEC (3), Acquisition (2), Congress (2), DOJ (2), Defense Acquisition (2), Intelligence (2), Military (2), Coast Guard (1), DoD (1), Energy/Defense (1), Executive Agencies (1), Health (1), Housing (1), Interior Department (1), NNSA (1), Space Force (1), Strategic Command (1), Treasury (1), U.S. Coast Guard (1), USDA (1), Waste Management (1)
Direct (144), Nuclear (2), Logistics (1), Maintenance (1)
Direct (100), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2), Reproductive Health (2), Safety Net Providers (2)
Direct (65), Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (1), Foreign Adversary (1)

Click any row to see supporting clauses

Showing positive and negative-direction effects only. Mixed and uncertain effects are not included in these counts.

Votes by Industry (Yea/Nay Alignment)

How this legislator's Yea/Nay votes landed across industries; distinct from overall bill exposure above.

Analysis coverage
100.0% of votes
Show vote-alignment table
S+ Supported Benefits
S- Supported Burdens
O+ Opposed Benefits
O- Opposed Burdens
Industry S+ S- O+ O- Net
Government (58 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans Affairs (180), Defense (158), DoD (34), VA (23), EPA (22) +53 more
-721
General Public (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans (141), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2), Taxpayers (1)
-224
Defense (14 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Naval (2), Nuclear (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1) +9 more
-58
Military (2 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Families (1), Space Force (1)
- -95
Healthcare (8 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Research (15), Community (3), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Tribal (3), Family Planning Services (2) +3 more
- -85
Education (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)
-50
Construction (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
- -119
Taxpayers - - -18
Agriculture (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2), Coffee Production (1)
- - -140
Manufacturing (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (2), Defense (1), Foreign Adversary (1)
-1
Transportation - +13
Immigration - - +107
Financial Services (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): HSA (7), HSA Administration (2), Transgender Individuals (1)
- -31
State & Local Government (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (4), Non-Expansion (3)
- - -19
Energy (1 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Distributed Generation (1)
- - -22

Votes are cast on entire bills; attribution to individual clauses does not imply clause-level intent. Learn more

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

s2113-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

End the Fed’s Big Bank Bailout Act

0 clauses Jun 18, 2025

s2112-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 to modify the definition of hemp, and for other purposes.

1 clause Jun 18, 2025
Federal Administration Environmental Services

s2086-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Health Marketplace for All Act of 2025

3 clauses Jun 17, 2025
Health Care Providers

s2099-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To repeal the Robinson-Patman Act of 1936.

0 clauses Jun 17, 2025

s1865-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to repeal the excise tax on indoor tanning services.

2 clauses May 22, 2025
Immigration Services

s1841-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To provide regulatory relief to alternative fuel producers and consumers, and for other purposes.

2 clauses May 21, 2025
Energy Production

s1847-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Association Health Plans Act

4 clauses May 21, 2025
Federal Administration Health Care Providers

s1414-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend the Public Health Service Act to provide that clinical studies required for licensure of biological products as biosimilar shall not be required to include the assessment of immunogenicity, pharmacodynamics, or comparative clinical efficacy.

1 clause Apr 10, 2025
Federal Administration Health Care Providers

s1293-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

No Taxation Without Representation Act of 2025

3 clauses Apr 3, 2025
Transportation

s1229-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to repeal the clean vehicle credit.

2 clauses Apr 1, 2025
Energy Production

s1148-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A bill to terminate the Department of Education.

0 clauses Mar 26, 2025

s1100-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend the Food and Nutrition Act to modify the definition of food under the supplemental nutrition assistance program, and for other purposes.

0 clauses Mar 25, 2025

s855-119

Primary Sponsor Reported

To require executive branch employees to report certain royalties, and for other purposes.

3 clauses Mar 5, 2025
Public Health Government Procurement Advocacy Government

s854-119

Primary Sponsor Reported

Risky Research Review Act

9 clauses Mar 5, 2025
National Security Public Health Biomedical Research Government

s664-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To replace the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases with 3 separate national research institutes.

1 clause Feb 20, 2025
Health Care Providers

s676-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To prohibit assistance to foreign governments that violate human rights with respect to religious freedom.

3 clauses Feb 20, 2025
Transportation

s601-119

Primary Sponsor Reported

A bill to remove restrictions from a parcel of land in Paducah, Kentucky.

0 clauses Feb 13, 2025

sres77-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Authorizing expenditures by the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.

4 clauses Feb 13, 2025
Labor Health Care Providers Environmental Services Immigration Services

s533-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To preserve and protect the free choice of individual employees to form, join, or assist labor organizations, or to refrain from such activities.

1 clause Feb 12, 2025
Labor

s499-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend title 31, United States Code, to provide for automatic continuing resolutions.

2 clauses Feb 10, 2025
Agricultural Producers

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Click an industry from the Impact Profile to view supporting clauses

Policy Mechanisms Used

Industry Focus Distribution