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Tim Kaine

Tim Kaine

D VA · Senate

2025–Present Senate
2023–2025 Senate
2021–2023 Senate
2019–2021 Senate
2017–2019 Senate
2015–2017 Senate
2013–2015 Senate
Vote Date:
to

Defense

-43
Helped 917 Hurt 960 Unclear 669

Healthcare

+160
Helped 583 Hurt 423 Unclear 683

Finance

+37
Helped 457 Hurt 420 Mixed 3 Unclear 192

Education

-55
Helped 285 Hurt 340 Unclear 321

Government Operations

-51
Helped 75 Hurt 126 Unclear 742

Energy

-110
Helped 253 Hurt 363 Unclear 122

Agriculture

+124
Helped 327 Hurt 203 Unclear 110

Transportation

-234
Helped 109 Hurt 343 Unclear 188

Veterans Affairs

+183
Helped 348 Hurt 165 Unclear 86

Foreign Policy

-60
Helped 229 Hurt 289 Mixed 1 Unclear 77

Environment

-3
Helped 177 Hurt 180 Unclear 197

Sanctions

-57
Helped 218 Hurt 275 Unclear 18

Labor

+43
Helped 178 Hurt 135 Unclear 177

Technology

+32
Helped 215 Hurt 183 Unclear 53

Foreign Affairs

-31
Helped 172 Hurt 203 Unclear 69

Trade

+13
Helped 179 Hurt 166 Unclear 36

Housing

+99
Helped 223 Hurt 124 Unclear 15

Criminal Justice

+3
Helped 170 Hurt 167 Unclear 23

Appropriations

+93
Helped 204 Hurt 111 Unclear 17

Federal Budget

+162
Helped 207 Hurt 45 Unclear 36
20 policy domains
Helped Hurt Mixed Unclear

Industry Impact Profile

16125 industry impacts

All entities →
How this is computed

P Primary sponsor · C Co-sponsor · Y Yea vote · N Nay vote

Weighted score (w:) uses strongest role per bill. Weights: Primary 1.0, Co-sponsor 0.3, Yea 0.1, Nay -0.1.

Bills where the legislator voted nay (without sponsorship) contribute -0.1 per bill. Equal yea and nay roll calls on the same bill contribute 0.

Vote date filters affect vote attribution; sponsorship is always included.

Positive-Effect Industries

Direct (1717), Veterans Affairs (114), Defense (94), DoD (33), VA (19), USDA (18), Executive (16), Congress (14), Legislative (14), State (14), Treasury (12), Agriculture (11), CMS (9), Justice (8), Transportation (8), Education (7), NPS (7), Transportation Security (7), Oversight (6), DOJ (4), Foreign Affairs (4), ICE (4), Judiciary (4), State/Local (4), DHS (3), Legislative Branch (3), Cemeteries (2), FDA (2), FEMA (2), FTC (2), Federal (2), Homeland Security (2), Housing (2), Interior/USDA (2), International Development (2), Law Enforcement (2), Local (2), Military Logistics (2), NASA (2), SBA (2), SSA (2), State Department (2), DOI (1), Defense R&D (1), Election Workers (1), Employees (1), HHS (1), Intelligence (1), Judicial (1), Local Election Administration (1), Manufacturing (1)
Direct (479), Veterans (121), Military Families (16), Minority Voters (5), Voters (4), Military (3), District Of Columbia (2), Foreign (2), Native American Voters (2), Capital District (1), Language Minority Voters (1), Students (1)
Direct (312), Naval (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1), Missiles (1), Missiles/Hypersonics (1), Nuclear C3 (1), Rotorcraft (1), Small Business (1), Small/Innovative (1), Space Systems (1)
Direct (255), Patients (15), Research (15), Community (3), Tribal (3)
Direct (261), Child Care (3), HBCUs (1), HSIs (1), Immigrant Students (1), MSIs (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1), Tribal (1), Tribal/Native (1)
Direct (176), Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2)
Direct (157), Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
Direct (149), Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (2), Education (1), Elections (1)

Negative-Effect Industries

Direct (1963), Defense (76), Veterans Affairs (66), EPA (22), State (17), Federal (12), HHS (12), State/Local (12), Education (11), NPS (11), FDA (10), Transportation (8), VA (8), Agriculture (7), BLM (7), Forest Service (7), Homeland Security (6), DOI (5), Foreign (5), CFPB (4), Foreign Affairs (4), Intelligence (4), Treasury (4), Treasury/IRS (4), DHS (3), Executive (3), General (3), Legislative (3), NOAA (3), NOAA/EPA (3), SEC (3), ATF (2), Acquisition (2), Congress (2), Defense Acquisition (2), Executive Branch (2), Local Election Administration (2), Military (2), State Election Administration (2), State Legislatures (2), State/Local Election Administration (2), USDA (2), Coast Guard (1), DoD (1), Energy/Defense (1), Executive Office (1), Housing (1), Interior Department (1), Justice (1), Law Enforcement (1), Local (1), NNSA (1), OPM (1), Oversight (1), Space Force (1), Strategic Command (1), Transportation Security (1), U.S. Coast Guard (1), Waste Management (1)
Direct (230), Nuclear (2), Logistics (1), Maintenance (1)
Direct (165), Veterans (20), Bad Actors (1), Taxpayers (1)
Direct (155), Elections (4), Non-Expansion (3), Education (2), Medicaid Programs (2), Motor Vehicles (2)
Direct (125), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2), Reproductive Health (2), Safety Net Providers (2)

Click any row to see supporting clauses

Showing positive and negative-direction effects only. Mixed and uncertain effects are not included in these counts.

Votes by Industry (Yea/Nay Alignment)

How this legislator's Yea/Nay votes landed across industries; distinct from overall bill exposure above.

Analysis coverage
100.0% of votes
Show vote-alignment table
S+ Supported Benefits
S- Supported Burdens
O+ Opposed Benefits
O- Opposed Burdens
Industry S+ S- O+ O- Net
Government (58 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans Affairs (180), Defense (158), DoD (34), VA (23), EPA (22) +53 more
+135
General Public (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans (141), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2), Taxpayers (1)
+230
Defense (14 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Naval (2), Nuclear (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1) +9 more
-14
Military (2 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Families (1), Space Force (1)
-1
Healthcare (8 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Research (15), Community (3), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Tribal (3), Family Planning Services (2) +3 more
+97
Education (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)
+2
Construction (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
+83
Taxpayers - - -18
Agriculture (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2), Coffee Production (1)
+12
Manufacturing (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (2), Defense (1), Foreign Adversary (1)
+15
Transportation +9
Immigration - - +107
Financial Services (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): HSA (7), HSA Administration (2), Transgender Individuals (1)
-13
State & Local Government (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (4), Non-Expansion (3)
- +9
Energy (1 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Distributed Generation (1)
-20

Votes are cast on entire bills; attribution to individual clauses does not imply clause-level intent. Learn more

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

s3448-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Keeping All Students Safe Act

10 clauses Dec 11, 2025
Individuals Government Education

sjres98-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress.

2 clauses Dec 3, 2025
National Security Environmental Groups Foreign Businesses Federal Government

s3313-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Wintergreen Emergency Egress Act

1 clause Dec 2, 2025
Transportation Government Operations

sjres90-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against Venezuela that have not been authorized by Congress.

2 clauses Oct 16, 2025
National Security Environmental Groups Foreign Businesses Federal Government

sres418-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A resolution expressing support for the designation of the week of September 20 through September 27, 2025, as "National Estuaries Week".

1 clause Sep 19, 2025
Environment & Conservation Fishing & Coastal Industries

s2719-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To establish a program to provide low- and moderate-income first-time, first-generation homebuyers with access to affordable and sustainable wealth-building home loans.

1 clause Sep 4, 2025
Environmental Services

s2611-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To safeguard the integrity of the Department of State's annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, and for other purposes.

4 clauses Jul 31, 2025
Federal Administration Health Care Providers Environmental Services

sres355-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Requesting information on the Republic of Rwanda’s human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

1 clause Jul 31, 2025
Federal Administration Environmental Services

s2594-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend section 236 of the Immigration and Nationality Act to require immigration enforcement officers of the Department of Homeland Security to display visible identification during enforcement actions and provide privacy enhancing services.

4 clauses Jul 31, 2025
Environmental Services

s2578-119

Primary Sponsor Reported

Strengthening the Rule of Law in the Brazilian Amazon Act

5 clauses Jul 31, 2025
Federal Administration Financial Services Environmental Services

sres354-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Requesting information on the Republic of Panama’s human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

1 clause Jul 31, 2025
Federal Administration Environmental Services

sres351-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Requesting information on the Kingdom of Eswatini’s human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

1 clause Jul 31, 2025
Federal Administration Environmental Services

sres353-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Requesting information on the Republic of Costa Rica’s human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

1 clause Jul 31, 2025
Federal Administration Environmental Services

sres352-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Requesting information on the Republic of South Sudan’s human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

1 clause Jul 31, 2025
Federal Administration Environmental Services

s2549-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Time Off to Vote Act

1 clause Jul 30, 2025
Federal Administration Environmental Services

s2525-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Transnational Repression Policy Act

5 clauses Jul 29, 2025
Health Care Providers Education Foreign Affairs Federal Administration

s2204-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To increase transparency, fairness, and protections for diplomatic personnel affected by reductions in force, and for other purposes.

4 clauses Jun 28, 2025
Federal Administration Environmental Services Defense Contractors

s2197-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To permit legally married same-sex couples to amend their filing status for tax returns outside the statute of limitations.

2 clauses Jun 26, 2025
Environmental Services

s2178-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to clarify that all provisions shall apply to legally married same-sex couples in the same manner as other married couples.

3 clauses Jun 26, 2025
Environmental Services

s2106-119

Cosponsor In Committee

SECURE Act

5 clauses Jun 18, 2025
Federal Administration Immigration Services Environmental Services Defense Contractors

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Click an industry from the Impact Profile to view supporting clauses

Policy Mechanisms Used

Industry Focus Distribution