Government Operations
207 bills 1184 analyzed clauses
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R ND · Senate
Vote dates filter recorded votes and vote-linked bills; sponsorship remains included.
Policy Effects
Estimated effects on people, organizations, and industries in bills this legislator sponsored, cosponsored, or voted on. Includes bills they voted against.
These are assessments of legislative text, not measurements of realized outcomes or the legislator’s intent.
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207 bills 1184 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups169 bills 976 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups153 bills 859 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups142 bills 1093 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups138 bills 2252 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups107 bills 516 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups96 bills 354 analyzed clauses
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Explore affected groups64 bills 228 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups48 bills 90 analyzed clauses
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Explore affected groups12 bills 26 analyzed clauses
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Explore affected groups2 bills 3 analyzed clauses
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Explore affected groups2 bills 2 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 263 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 134 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 81 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 68 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 40 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 27 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 27 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 23 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 19 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 19 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 18 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 18 analyzed clauses
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Explore affected groups1 bill 17 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 16 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 16 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 12 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 12 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 12 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 10 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 10 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 9 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 9 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 8 analyzed clauses
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Explore affected groups1 bill 5 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 5 analyzed clauses
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Explore affected groups1 bill 4 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 4 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 4 analyzed clauses
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Explore affected groups1 bill 3 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 3 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 3 analyzed clauses
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Explore affected groups1 bill 2 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 2 analyzed clauses
Explore affected groups1 bill 2 analyzed clauses
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Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groups1 bill 1 analyzed clause
Explore affected groupsPotential benefits are effects assessed as favorable to the named group. Potential burdens impose costs, restrictions, risks, or lost opportunities on that group.
Mixed effects contain countervailing effects on the same group. Unclear effects have an undetermined direction. A group can have separate benefits and burdens; these are counted separately.
Counts describe the number of identified effects, not their size or public value. Bill and clause counts are distinct within each view. Shared evidence may appear under several groups or policy areas, so their counts should not be added together.
Historical bill versions are included. Clauses analyzed in different versions count separately. A bill’s current status does not establish that every analyzed provision was enacted.
Only direct effects with high or medium confidence in the policy-area assignment are included. Bills are connected through sponsorship, cosponsorship, or Yea/Nay votes; a vote against a bill does not reverse its assessed effects. Vote dates filter recorded votes and vote-linked bills; sponsorship remains included.
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Affordable Housing Credit Improvement Act of 2025
To provide for improvements to the rivers and harbors of the United States, to provide for the conservation and development of water and related resources, and for other purposes.
To amend the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 to update and expand Federal economic development investment in the economic recovery, resiliency, and competitiveness of communities, regions, and States across the United States, and for other purposes.
To improve the environmental review process, and for other purposes.
Congratulating the students, parents, teachers, and leaders of charter schools across the United States for making ongoing contributions to education, and supporting the ideals and goals of the 24th annual National Charter Schools Week, to be held May 7 through May 13, 2023.
To establish the Rural Export Center, and for other purposes.
To prohibit the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture from prohibiting the use of lead ammunition or tackle on certain Federal land or water under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture, and for other purposes.
To require reforms to programs of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, and for other purposes.
Designating March 23, 2023, as National Women in Agriculture Day.
To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to establish the Zero Suicide Initiative pilot program of the Department of Veterans Affairs.
To provide incentives to physicians to practice in rural and medically underserved communities, and for other purposes.
To require the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture to develop long-distance bike trails on Federal recreational lands and waters, and for other purposes.
To prohibit the President from issuing moratoria on leasing and permitting energy and minerals on certain Federal land.
To amend the Poultry Products Inspection Act and the Federal Meat Inspection Act to support small and very small meat and poultry processing establishments, and for other purposes.
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to exclude certain broadband grants from gross income.
To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to support rural residency training funding that is equitable for all States, and for other purposes.
To amend the Defense Production Act of 1950 to include the Secretary of Agriculture on the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States and require review of certain agricultural transactions, and for other purposes.
To amend the Defense Production Act of 1950 to prevent harm and disruption to the United States agriculture industry by protecting against foreign influence over agriculture production and supply chains, and for other purposes.
To increase the number of landlords participating in the Housing Choice Voucher program.
To provide for the development and issuance of a plan to increase oil and gas production on Federal land in conjunction with a drawdown of petroleum reserves from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
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