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Rand Paul

Rand Paul

R KY · Senate

2025–Present Senate
2023–2025 Senate
2021–2023 Senate
2019–2021 Senate
2017–2019 Senate
2015–2017 Senate
2013–2015 Senate
2011–2013 Senate
89
Sponsored
129
Cosponsored
658
Votes
Vote Date:
to

Defense

-59
Helped 769 Hurt 828 Unclear 512

Healthcare

+57
Helped 295 Hurt 238 Unclear 182

Finance

-36
Helped 223 Hurt 259 Unclear 82

Agriculture

+109
Helped 279 Hurt 170 Unclear 108

Veterans Affairs

+184
Helped 326 Hurt 142 Unclear 80

Energy

-35
Helped 208 Hurt 243 Unclear 78

Education

-13
Helped 127 Hurt 140 Unclear 78

Appropriations

+93
Helped 203 Hurt 110 Unclear 17

Trade

+18
Helped 140 Hurt 122 Unclear 27

Federal Budget

+162
Helped 207 Hurt 45 Unclear 36

Housing

+90
Helped 158 Hurt 68 Unclear 13

Transportation

-48
Helped 69 Hurt 117 Unclear 47

Immigration

-116
Helped 31 Hurt 147 Unclear 37

Government Operations

-6
Helped 55 Hurt 61 Unclear 69

Technology

+11
Helped 79 Hurt 68 Unclear 29

Environment

-52
Helped 48 Hurt 100 Unclear 22

Labor

-21
Helped 42 Hurt 63 Unclear 43

Science & Space

+6
Helped 67 Hurt 61 Unclear 15

Criminal Justice

+19
Helped 74 Hurt 55 Unclear 10

Foreign Policy

0
Helped 58 Hurt 58 Unclear 19
20 policy domains
Helped Hurt Mixed Unclear

Industry Impact Profile

10368 industry impacts

All entities →
How this is computed

P Primary sponsor · C Co-sponsor · Y Yea vote · N Nay vote

Weighted score (w:) uses strongest role per bill. Weights: Primary 1.0, Co-sponsor 0.3, Yea 0.1, Nay -0.1.

Bills where the legislator voted nay (without sponsorship) contribute -0.1 per bill. Equal yea and nay roll calls on the same bill contribute 0.

Vote date filters affect vote attribution; sponsorship is always included.

Positive-Effect Industries

Government 1755 P·49 C·11 Y·984 N·1649 w:10.1
Direct (1328), Veterans Affairs (114), Defense (93), DoD (33), VA (19), Executive (16), USDA (16), Legislative (13), Congress (12), Treasury (12), Agriculture (11), CMS (9), NPS (7), State (7), Justice (6), Oversight (6), DOJ (4), Education (4), Foreign Affairs (4), ICE (4), Judiciary (4), DHS (3), Transportation (3), Cemeteries (2), FDA (2), FEMA (2), Housing (2), Interior/USDA (2), International Development (2), Local (2), Military Logistics (2), NASA (2), SBA (2), SSA (2), Defense R&D (1), HHS (1), Intelligence (1), Judicial (1), Manufacturing (1)
General Public 388 P·21 C·4 Y·251 N·357 w:6.9
Direct (246), Veterans (121), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2)
Defense 225 P·1 Y·105 N·209 w:0.6
Direct (212), Naval (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1), Missiles (1), Missiles/Hypersonics (1), Nuclear C3 (1), Rotorcraft (1), Small Business (1), Small/Innovative (1), Space Systems (1)
Military 224 Y·102 N·224 w:-0.6
Direct (223), Families (1)
Healthcare 200 C·1 Y·140 N·197 w:-0.2
Direct (179), Research (15), Community (3), Tribal (3)
Agriculture 162 C·7 Y·93 N·155 w:0.4
Direct (154), Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2)
Construction 157 Y·105 N·156 w:-0.5
Direct (154), Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
Education 146 C·3 Y·119 N·140 w:0.1
Direct (140), Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)
Taxpayers 111 P·8 Y·103 N·103 w:0.8
Financial Services 91 P·4 C·4 Y·63 N·83 w:2.0
Direct (82), HSA (7), HSA Administration (2)

Negative-Effect Industries

Government 1230 P·134 C·70 Y·677 N·953 w:35.9
Direct (955), Defense (66), Veterans Affairs (66), EPA (22), NPS (11), FDA (9), Education (8), Agriculture (7), BLM (7), Forest Service (7), HHS (7), Foreign (5), CFPB (4), Judiciary (4), Treasury/IRS (4), VA (4), DHS (3), Executive (3), Legislative (3), NOAA (3), NOAA/EPA (3), SEC (3), Acquisition (2), Congress (2), DOJ (2), Defense Acquisition (2), Intelligence (2), Military (2), Coast Guard (1), DoD (1), Energy/Defense (1), Executive Agencies (1), Health (1), Housing (1), Interior Department (1), NNSA (1), Space Force (1), Strategic Command (1), Treasury (1), U.S. Coast Guard (1), USDA (1), Waste Management (1)
Defense 148 Y·60 N·142 w:-0.3
Direct (144), Nuclear (2), Logistics (1), Maintenance (1)
General Public 135 P·4 C·1 Y·112 N·130 w:1.7
Direct (114), Veterans (20), Taxpayers (1)
Military 135 Y·55 N·132 w:-0.3
Direct (134), Space Force (1)
Immigration 128 P·1 Y·127 N·127 w:0.9
Healthcare 111 C·1 Y·68 N·110 w:-0.4
Direct (100), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2), Reproductive Health (2), Safety Net Providers (2)
Taxpayers 94 P·8 C·1 Y·85 N·85 w:1.2
Education 93 C·4 Y·86 N·88 w:0.6
Transportation 76 P·2 Y·40 N·74 w:1.6
Manufacturing 74 Y·62 N·66 w:-0.3
Direct (65), Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (1), Foreign Adversary (1)

Click any row to see supporting clauses

Showing positive and negative-direction effects only. Mixed and uncertain effects are not included in these counts.

Votes by Industry (Yea/Nay Alignment)

How this legislator's Yea/Nay votes landed across industries; distinct from overall bill exposure above.

Analysis coverage
100.0% of votes
Show vote-alignment table
S+ Supported Benefits
S- Supported Burdens
O+ Opposed Benefits
O- Opposed Burdens
Industry S+ S- O+ O- Net
Government (58 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans Affairs (180), Defense (158), DoD (34), VA (23), EPA (22) +53 more
-721
General Public (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans (141), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2), Taxpayers (1)
-224
Defense (14 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Naval (2), Nuclear (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1) +9 more
-58
Military (2 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Families (1), Space Force (1)
- -95
Healthcare (8 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Research (15), Community (3), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Tribal (3), Family Planning Services (2) +3 more
- -85
Education (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)
-50
Construction (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
- -119
Taxpayers - - -18
Agriculture (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2), Coffee Production (1)
- - -140
Manufacturing (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (2), Defense (1), Foreign Adversary (1)
-1
Transportation - +13
Immigration - - +107
Financial Services (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): HSA (7), HSA Administration (2), Transgender Individuals (1)
- -31
State & Local Government (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (4), Non-Expansion (3)
- - -19
Energy (1 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Distributed Generation (1)
- - -22

Votes are cast on entire bills; attribution to individual clauses does not imply clause-level intent. Learn more

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

All Roles Sponsor Cosponsor
All Industries Agriculture Construction Defense Education General Public Government Government - Veterans Affairs Healthcare Military Taxpayers

s1667-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to authorize lawful permanent resident status for certain college graduates who entered the United States as children, and for other purposes.

2 clauses May 17, 2023
Federal Administration Education

s1528-118

Cosponsor Passed Senate

To streamline the sharing of information among Federal disaster assistance agencies, to expedite the delivery of life-saving assistance to disaster survivors, to speed the recovery of communities from disasters, to protect the security and privacy of information provided by disaster survivors, and for other purposes.

9 clauses May 10, 2023
State and Local Government Individual Citizens Native American Tribal Government Tribal Government

s1363-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To eliminate the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection.

0 clauses Apr 27, 2023

s1359-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To create a safe harbor for insurers engaging in the business of insurance in connection with a cannabis-related legitimate business, and for other purposes.

2 clauses Apr 27, 2023
Native American Tribes Environmental Groups Cannabis Federal Government

s1323-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To create protections for financial institutions that provide financial services to State-sanctioned marijuana businesses and service providers for such businesses, and for other purposes.

14 clauses Apr 26, 2023
Credit Intermediation Insurance Carriers Federal Government Business Services

s1258-118

Cosponsor Passed Senate

To require the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to submit to Congress an annual report on projects that are over budget and behind schedule, and for other purposes.

6 clauses Apr 25, 2023
Emergency Management Services Construction Government Operations Federal Government

s1247-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the First Step Act of 2018 to permit defendants convicted of certain offenses to be eligible for reduced sentences, and for other purposes.

1 clause Apr 20, 2023
Foreign Businesses Consumers Federal Government Law Enforcement

s1132-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To allow sponsors of certain new drug applications to rely upon investigations conducted in certain foreign countries, and for other purposes.

2 clauses Mar 30, 2023
Foreign Businesses Education Healthcare Consumers Federal Government

s960-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To replace the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases with 3 separate national research institutes.

1 clause Mar 23, 2023
Healthcare Consumers Scientific Research Environmental Groups Federal Government

s907-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Federal Meat Inspection Act to exempt from inspection the slaughter of animals and the preparation of carcasses conducted at a custom slaughter facility, and for other purposes.

3 clauses Mar 22, 2023
Consumers Environmental Groups Federal Government Business

sres110-118

Cosponsor

Honoring the life and legacy of the late James George Abourezk.

0 clauses Mar 15, 2023

s812-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To strengthen employee cost savings suggestions programs within the Federal Government.

2 clauses Mar 15, 2023
Consumers Environmental Groups Federal Government Regulated Industries

s791-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To increase access to agency guidance documents.

2 clauses Mar 14, 2023
Consumers Federal Government Regulated Industries

s775-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To provide for increased transparency in generic drug applications.

1 clause Mar 14, 2023
Consumers Healthcare Consumers Federal Government

s780-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To require the Comptroller General of the United States to analyze certain legislation in order to prevent duplication of and overlap with existing Federal programs, offices, and initiatives.

2 clauses Mar 14, 2023
Consumers Environmental Groups Federal Government Regulated Industries

s689-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Controlled Substances Act to define currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions, and for other purposes.

1 clause Mar 7, 2023
Homeowners Consumers Healthcare Consumers Federal Government

s665-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To provide incentives to physicians to practice in rural and medically underserved communities, and for other purposes.

5 clauses Mar 6, 2023
Agriculture Education Environmental Groups Federal Government

sres200-118

Cosponsor

Expressing support for the designation of the week of April 30, 2023, through May 6, 2023, as National Small Business Week to celebrate the contributions of small businesses and entrepreneurs in every community in the United States.

1 clause Mar 4, 2023
Foreign Businesses Consumers Environmental Groups Business

s644-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To expand the take-home prescribing of methadone through pharmacies.

3 clauses Mar 2, 2023
Consumers Healthcare Consumers Federal Government Environmental Groups

s582-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To make daylight saving time permanent, and for other purposes.

1 clause Mar 1, 2023
Consumers Federal Government Regulated Industries
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Policy Mechanisms Used

Industry Focus Distribution