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Tim Kaine

Analysis

D VA · Senate

2025–Present Senate

2023–2025 Senate

2021–2023 Senate

2019–2021 Senate

2017–2019 Senate

2015–2017 Senate

2013–2015 Senate

145

Defense

-43

Helped 917 Hurt 960 Unclear 669

Healthcare

+160

Helped 583 Hurt 423 Unclear 683

Finance

+37

Helped 457 Hurt 420 Mixed 3 Unclear 192

Education

-55

Helped 285 Hurt 340 Unclear 321

Government Operations

-51

Helped 75 Hurt 126 Unclear 742

Energy

-110

Helped 253 Hurt 363 Unclear 122

Agriculture

+124

Helped 327 Hurt 203 Unclear 110

Transportation

-234

Helped 109 Hurt 343 Unclear 188

Veterans Affairs

+183

Helped 348 Hurt 165 Unclear 86

Foreign Policy

-60

Helped 229 Hurt 289 Mixed 1 Unclear 77

Environment

-3

Helped 177 Hurt 180 Unclear 197

Sanctions

-57

Helped 218 Hurt 275 Unclear 18

Labor

+43

Helped 178 Hurt 135 Unclear 177

Technology

+32

Helped 215 Hurt 183 Unclear 53

Foreign Affairs

-31

Helped 172 Hurt 203 Unclear 69

Trade

+13

Helped 179 Hurt 166 Unclear 36

Housing

+99

Helped 223 Hurt 124 Unclear 15

Criminal Justice

Helped 170 Hurt 167 Unclear 23

Appropriations

+93

Helped 204 Hurt 111 Unclear 17

Federal Budget

+162

Helped 207 Hurt 45 Unclear 36

20 policy domains

Helped Hurt Mixed Unclear

Industry Impact Profile

16125 industry impacts

All entities →

How this is computed

P Primary sponsor · C Co-sponsor · Y Yea vote · N Nay vote

Weighted score (w:) uses strongest role per bill. Weights: Primary 1.0, Co-sponsor 0.3, Yea 0.1, Nay -0.1.

Bills where the legislator voted nay (without sponsorship) contribute -0.1 per bill. Equal yea and nay roll calls on the same bill contribute 0.

Vote date filters affect vote attribution; sponsorship is always included.

Positive-Effect Industries

Government 2195 P·17 C·482 Y·1649 N·1403 w:30.2

Direct (1717), Veterans Affairs (114), Defense (94), DoD (33), VA (19), USDA (18), Executive (16), Congress (14), Legislative (14), State (14), Treasury (12), Agriculture (11), CMS (9), Justice (8), Transportation (8), Education (7), NPS (7), Transportation Security (7), Oversight (6), DOJ (4), Foreign Affairs (4), ICE (4), Judiciary (4), State/Local (4), DHS (3), Legislative Branch (3), Cemeteries (2), FDA (2), FEMA (2), FTC (2), Federal (2), Homeland Security (2), Housing (2), Interior/USDA (2), International Development (2), Law Enforcement (2), Local (2), Military Logistics (2), NASA (2), SBA (2), SSA (2), State Department (2), DOI (1), Defense R&D (1), Election Workers (1), Employees (1), HHS (1), Intelligence (1), Judicial (1), Local Election Administration (1), Manufacturing (1)

General Public 637 P·12 C·262 Y·359 N·351 w:17.9

Direct (479), Veterans (121), Military Families (16), Minority Voters (5), Voters (4), Military (3), District Of Columbia (2), Foreign (2), Native American Voters (2), Capital District (1), Language Minority Voters (1), Students (1)

Defense 325 C·101 Y·209 N·123 w:1.6

Direct (312), Naval (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1), Missiles (1), Missiles/Hypersonics (1), Nuclear C3 (1), Rotorcraft (1), Small Business (1), Small/Innovative (1), Space Systems (1)

Healthcare 291 C·92 Y·197 N·190 w:5.7

Direct (255), Patients (15), Research (15), Community (3), Tribal (3)

Education 272 P·29 C·100 Y·143 N·121 w:21.6

Direct (261), Child Care (3), HBCUs (1), HSIs (1), Immigrant Students (1), MSIs (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1), Tribal (1), Tribal/Native (1)

Military 231 C·7 Y·224 N·109 w:1.5

Direct (230), Families (1)

Financial Services 204 C·121 Y·75 N·80 w:8.3

Direct (195), HSA (7), HSA Administration (2)

Agriculture 184 P·3 C·26 Y·155 N·151 w:6.8

Direct (176), Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2)

Construction 160 C·3 Y·156 N·132 w:0.8

Direct (157), Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)

State & Local Government 159 P·6 C·78 Y·73 N·67 w:8.2

Direct (149), Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (2), Education (1), Elections (1)

Negative-Effect Industries

Government 2345 P·82 C·1234 Y·955 N·840 w:82.6

Direct (1963), Defense (76), Veterans Affairs (66), EPA (22), State (17), Federal (12), HHS (12), State/Local (12), Education (11), NPS (11), FDA (10), Transportation (8), VA (8), Agriculture (7), BLM (7), Forest Service (7), Homeland Security (6), DOI (5), Foreign (5), CFPB (4), Foreign Affairs (4), Intelligence (4), Treasury (4), Treasury/IRS (4), DHS (3), Executive (3), General (3), Legislative (3), NOAA (3), NOAA/EPA (3), SEC (3), ATF (2), Acquisition (2), Congress (2), Defense Acquisition (2), Executive Branch (2), Local Election Administration (2), Military (2), State Election Administration (2), State Legislatures (2), State/Local Election Administration (2), USDA (2), Coast Guard (1), DoD (1), Energy/Defense (1), Executive Office (1), Housing (1), Interior Department (1), Justice (1), Law Enforcement (1), Local (1), NNSA (1), OPM (1), Oversight (1), Space Force (1), Strategic Command (1), Transportation Security (1), U.S. Coast Guard (1), Waste Management (1)

Transportation 291 P·2 C·215 Y·74 N·44 w:7.9

Defense 234 P·2 C·84 Y·142 N·60 w:2.7

Direct (230), Nuclear (2), Logistics (1), Maintenance (1)

General Public 187 P·11 C·45 Y·129 N·120 w:6.2

Direct (165), Veterans (20), Bad Actors (1), Taxpayers (1)

Education 173 P·19 C·65 Y·89 N·85 w:16.2

Financial Services 170 P·6 C·110 Y·51 N·53 w:12.0

Direct (169), Transgender Individuals (1)

State & Local Government 168 P·6 C·106 Y·54 N·56 w:6.7

Direct (155), Elections (4), Non-Expansion (3), Education (2), Medicaid Programs (2), Motor Vehicles (2)

Military 137 C·2 Y·132 N·56 w:0.7

Direct (136), Space Force (1)

Healthcare 136 P·2 C·24 Y·103 N·105 w:3.4

Direct (125), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2), Reproductive Health (2), Safety Net Providers (2)

Environment 128 P·12 C·64 Y·51 N·52 w:17.4

Click any row to see supporting clauses

Showing positive and negative-direction effects only. Mixed and uncertain effects are not included in these counts.

Votes by Industry (Yea/Nay Alignment)

How this legislator's Yea/Nay votes landed across industries; distinct from overall bill exposure above.

Analysis coverage

100.0% of votes

Show vote-alignment table

S+ Supported Benefits

S- Supported Burdens

O+ Opposed Benefits

O- Opposed Burdens

Industry	S+	S-	Net
Government (58 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans Affairs (180), Defense (158), DoD (34), VA (23), EPA (22) +53 more			+135
General Public (5 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans (141), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2), Taxpayers (1)			+230
Defense (14 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Naval (2), Nuclear (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1) +9 more			-14
Military (2 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Families (1), Space Force (1)			-1
Healthcare (8 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Research (15), Community (3), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Tribal (3), Family Planning Services (2) +3 more			+97
Education (4 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)			+2
Construction (3 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)			+83
Taxpayers	-	-	-18
Agriculture (5 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2), Coffee Production (1)			+12
Manufacturing (4 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (2), Defense (1), Foreign Adversary (1)			+15
Transportation			+9
Immigration	-	-	+107
Financial Services (3 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): HSA (7), HSA Administration (2), Transgender Individuals (1)			-13
State & Local Government (3 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (4), Non-Expansion (3)		-	+9
Energy (1 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Distributed Generation (1)			-20

Votes are cast on entire bills; attribution to individual clauses does not imply clause-level intent. Learn more

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