HR5301-119

1. Short title; table of contents; definition This Act may be cited as the Promoting Innovation in Pipeline Efficiency and Safety Act of 2025 or the PIPES Act of 2025. The table of contents for this Act is as follows: In this Act, the term State has the meaning given such term in section 60101(a) of title 49, United States Code.

16. Geohazard mitigation study Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall prepare a report containing— the results of a study that— evaluates Federal and State, as applicable, requirements for gas, hazardous liquid, and carbon dioxide pipeline facility design, siting, construction, operation and maintenance, and integrity management relating to geohazards, including seismicity, land subsidence, landslides, slope instability, frost heave, soil settlement, erosion, river scour, washouts, floods, unstable soil, water currents, hurricanes, dynamic geologic conditions, tsunamis, tornados, wildfires, floods, ice storms, or other hazards that may cause a pipeline to move or be affected by abnormal external loads; evaluates any industry consensus standards or best practices related to the requirements described in subparagraph (A); evaluates the implementation by operators of Federal and State regulations related to geohazards and application of recommendations included in the Advisory Bulletin of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration titled Pipeline Safety: Potential for Damage to Pipeline Facilities Caused by Earth Movement and Other Geological Hazards, issued on May 2, 2019 (PHMSA–2019–0087); identifies any discrepancies in the requirements described in subparagraph (A) and advisories, industry consensus standards, or best practices for operators of gas, hazardous liquid, and carbon dioxide pipeline facilities; and identifies any areas relating to geohazards not addressed under subparagraphs (A) through (D); and any recommendations of the Government Accountability Office based on the results of the study under paragraph (1). Upon completion of the report under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall submit to the Secretary of Transportation, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate the report.

17. Special permit program Section 60118(c)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: The Secretary shall impose no terms on a waiver under this paragraph that do not apply to known pipeline safety risks applicable to the standard being waived under subparagraph (A). Upon completion of the application requirements under section 190.341 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, or successor regulations, the Secretary shall publish notice of the application in the Federal Register. The Secretary shall complete a review of each such application not later than 18 months after publishing a notice in the Federal Register described in subparagraph (D) with respect to the application. Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the implementation by the Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration of the amendment made by subsection (a). The report required under paragraph (1) shall include— a listing of each special permit application applied for under section 60118(c)(1) of title 49, United States Code; a brief summary of the purpose of each such special permit; the date on which each such application was received; the date on which each such application was completed or, in the absence of completion, the status of the application; the date on which the Secretary issued a determination on the application; and the explanation of the Secretary for any decision made outside the review period identified in section 60118(c)(1)(E) of title 49, United States Code, if applicable. Not later than 1 year after the submission of the report under subsection (b), the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report assessing the Secretary’s implementation of, and compliance with, subparagraphs (C) through (E) of section 60118(c)(1) of title 49, United States Code. (C)Limitation on termsThe Secretary shall impose no terms on a waiver under this paragraph that do not apply to known pipeline safety risks applicable to the standard being waived under subparagraph (A). (D)PublicationUpon completion of the application requirements under section 190.341 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, or successor regulations, the Secretary shall publish notice of the application in the Federal Register. (E)Review of applicationThe Secretary shall complete a review of each such application not later than 18 months after publishing a notice in the Federal Register described in subparagraph (D) with respect to the application..

18. Excavation damage prevention Section 6106 of title 49, United States Code, is amended— in subsection (b) by inserting adoption or progress toward adoption of the leading practices listed in subsection (b) and before legislative and regulatory; by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections (d) and (e), respectively; by inserting after subsection (a) the following: A State one-call program shall implement leading practices that— identify the size and scope of a one-call ticket for standard locate requests, including process exceptions for special large project tickets; restrict the longevity of a one-call ticket for standard locate requests, which may include process exceptions for special large project tickets; examine and limit exemptions to one-call programs to prevent common excavation damage incidents, including— excavation or demolition performed by the owner of a single-family residential property; any excavation of 18 inches or less when maintenance activities are performed; repairing, connecting, adjusting, or conducting routine maintenance of a private or public underground utility facility; and for municipalities, public works organizations, and State departments of transportation for road maintenance; specify tolerance zone horizontal dimensions and requirements for hand-dig, hydro, vacuum excavation, and other nonintrusive methods; specify emergency excavation notification requirements, including defining emergency excavation and identifying the notification requirements for an emergency excavation; specify the responsibilities of the excavator, including the reporting of damages due to excavation activities; define who is an excavator and what is considered excavation; require the use of white lining or electronic white lining, allowing for exceptions for special large-project tickets; require a positive response, such as the utility, municipality, or other entity placing the marks positively responds to the notification center and the excavator checks for a positive response before beginning excavation; require newly installed underground facilities to be locatable; require the marking of lines and laterals, including sewer lines and laterals; require training programs and requirements for third-party excavators performing excavation activities that are not subject to pipeline construction requirements under part 192 or part 195 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations; require training for locate professionals; and require the use of commercially available technologies to locate underground facilities, such as geographic information systems and enhanced positive response. Not later than 3 years after the implementation of subsection (b), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report detailing— the implementation of the leading practices described in such subsection; recommendations to increase the adoption of such leading practices and recommendations for the reduction of excavation damage incidents; and the number of underground facility damages per 1,000 one-call tickets in each State for the reporting year. Not later than once every 2 years after the submittal of the report under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report detailing— the implementation of the leading practices described in subsection (b); recommendations to increase the adoption of such leading practices and recommendations for the reduction of excavation damage incidents; and the number of underground facility damages per 1,000 one-call tickets in each state for each year covered by the report. by adding at the end the following: Nothing in this section shall make a grant award to a State by the Secretary pursuant to section 60107 or section 60134 for a State program certified under section 60105 or section 60106 contingent on compliance by the State with all leading practices described in subsection (b). Section 60134(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended— by striking In making grants and inserting the following: In making grants by adding at the end the following: In evaluating criteria for determining the effectiveness of the damage prevention program of a State, the Secretary shall consider whether the State has, at a minimum— effective, active, and consistent enforcement of State one-call laws (including consistency in the application of enforcement resources, fines, and penalties to all relevant stakeholders, such as operators, locators, and excavators); data reporting requirements such as those— to the local one-call center for excavation damage events on pipelines and other underground facilities, that are not privately owned, including (if available at the time of reporting)— information about the nature of the incident, including the facility damaged and the apparent cause of such damage (with supporting documentation); the organizations or entities involved; the impact to public safety, utility operations, and customer service; and the impact to the environment; and to a nationally focused nonprofit organization specifically established for the purpose of reducing construction-related damages to underground facilities, of damages and near-miss events to underground facilities from excavation damages, including potential contributing factors, facility damaged, type of excavator, work performed, equipment type, and State; data reporting requirements, to a nonprofit organization specifically established for the purpose of reducing construction-related damage to underground facilities, of damage and near-miss events to underground facilities from excavation damage, including root cause, facility damaged, type of excavator, work performed, equipment type, and State; and performance measures to determine the effectiveness of excavation damage prevention efforts. (b)Leading practicesA State one-call program shall implement leading practices that— (1)identify the size and scope of a one-call ticket for standard locate requests, including process exceptions for special large project tickets; (2)restrict the longevity of a one-call ticket for standard locate requests, which may include process exceptions for special large project tickets; (3)examine and limit exemptions to one-call programs to prevent common excavation damage incidents, including— (A)excavation or demolition performed by the owner of a single-family residential property; (B)any excavation of 18 inches or less when maintenance activities are performed; (C)repairing, connecting, adjusting, or conducting routine maintenance of a private or public underground utility facility; and (D)for municipalities, public works organizations, and State departments of transportation for road maintenance; (4)specify tolerance zone horizontal dimensions and requirements for hand-dig, hydro, vacuum excavation, and other nonintrusive methods; (5)specify emergency excavation notification requirements, including defining emergency excavation and identifying the notification requirements for an emergency excavation; (6)specify the responsibilities of the excavator, including the reporting of damages due to excavation activities; (7)define who is an excavator and what is considered excavation; (8)require the use of white lining or electronic white lining, allowing for exceptions for special large-project tickets; (9)require a positive response, such as the utility, municipality, or other entity placing the marks positively responds to the notification center and the excavator checks for a positive response before beginning excavation; (10)require newly installed underground facilities to be locatable; (11)require the marking of lines and laterals, including sewer lines and laterals; (12)require training programs and requirements for third-party excavators performing excavation activities that are not subject to pipeline construction requirements under part 192 or part 195 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations; (13)require training for locate professionals; and (14)require the use of commercially available technologies to locate underground facilities, such as geographic information systems and enhanced positive response. (c)Report to Congress (1)Initial reportNot later than 3 years after the implementation of subsection (b), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report detailing— (A)the implementation of the leading practices described in such subsection; (B)recommendations to increase the adoption of such leading practices and recommendations for the reduction of excavation damage incidents; and (C)the number of underground facility damages per 1,000 one-call tickets in each State for the reporting year. (2)Additional reportsNot later than once every 2 years after the submittal of the report under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report detailing— (A)the implementation of the leading practices described in subsection (b); (B)recommendations to increase the adoption of such leading practices and recommendations for the reduction of excavation damage incidents; and (C)the number of underground facility damages per 1,000 one-call tickets in each state for each year covered by the report.; and (f)Savings ClauseNothing in this section shall make a grant award to a State by the Secretary pursuant to section 60107 or section 60134 for a State program certified under section 60105 or section 60106 contingent on compliance by the State with all leading practices described in subsection (b).. (1)In generalIn making grants; and (2)ConsiderationsIn evaluating criteria for determining the effectiveness of the damage prevention program of a State, the Secretary shall consider whether the State has, at a minimum— (A)effective, active, and consistent enforcement of State one-call laws (including consistency in the application of enforcement resources, fines, and penalties to all relevant stakeholders, such as operators, locators, and excavators); (B)data reporting requirements such as those— (i)to the local one-call center for excavation damage events on pipelines and other underground facilities, that are not privately owned, including (if available at the time of reporting)— (I)information about the nature of the incident, including the facility damaged and the apparent cause of such damage (with supporting documentation); (II)the organizations or entities involved; (III)the impact to public safety, utility operations, and customer service; and (IV)the impact to the environment; and (ii)to a nationally focused nonprofit organization specifically established for the purpose of reducing construction-related damages to underground facilities, of damages and near-miss events to underground facilities from excavation damages, including potential contributing factors, facility damaged, type of excavator, work performed, equipment type, and State; (C)data reporting requirements, to a nonprofit organization specifically established for the purpose of reducing construction-related damage to underground facilities, of damage and near-miss events to underground facilities from excavation damage, including root cause, facility damaged, type of excavator, work performed, equipment type, and State; and (D)performance measures to determine the effectiveness of excavation damage prevention efforts..

19. Integrity management study Not later than 45 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall enter into an agreement with the National Academies under which the National Academies shall conduct a study of the effectiveness of integrity management regulations applicable to natural gas and hazardous liquid pipeline facilities. In carrying out the study under subsection (a), the National Academies shall— use publicly available data from the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, State pipeline regulatory agencies, and other public sources; and consult with pipeline stakeholders in the development of findings under the study, including State and Federal regulators, pipeline operators, Tribal and local governments, public safety organizations, and environmental organizations. The study described under subsection (a) shall include— a review of previous assessments of integrity management program implementation produced by or for the Secretary or the National Transportation Safety Board; a review of the implementation and enforcement by the Secretary of integrity management regulations and any modifications of the regulations issued by the Secretary pursuant to section 60109 of title 49, United States Code; a trend analysis and assessment of pipeline safety incidents, accidents, and repairs for high consequence and non-high consequence areas, including comparing— the frequency of such incidents, accidents, and repairs before and after the implementation of the Federal integrity management requirements described in subsection (a); and the frequency of such incidents, accidents, and repairs during the period of time such integrity management requirements have been in effect; development of metrics to gauge the effectiveness of the implementation and enforcement of such integrity management regulations; an assessment of how integrity management informs operator activities, including planning and completion of repairs, and whether the implementation of integrity management regulations by operators of pipeline facilities has had a demonstrable effect on improving gas and hazardous liquid pipeline safety; and identification of areas where pipeline safety has improved and where it has not improved due to integrity management. The Secretary shall— require the National Academies to submit to the Secretary a report on the results of the study under subsection (a); and not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate such report.

20. Hydrogen study The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on existing natural gas pipeline systems that, as a result of hydrogen-natural gas blending, contain a percentage of hydrogen that is greater than 5 percent by volume to identify the changes that operators have implemented, including— modifications or alternatives to— odorants and leak-detection methods; pipeline materials; and operational standards; and modifications to pipeline infrastructure. The study under subsection (a) shall include— an identification of any technical challenges with repurposing existing natural gas infrastructure to allow such infrastructure to be used for hydrogen-natural gas blended service; and an examination of hydrogen-natural gas blended pipeline systems currently operating, including in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Europe, Australia, and Hong Kong. In conducting the study under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall consider— any changes that domestic and international operators of natural gas pipeline systems have implemented to the processes, pipeline materials, metering, and operational standards used by such operators to account for the operation and integrity of natural gas pipeline systems that use a hydrogen content at variable percentages above 5 percent by volume; and how such operators have taken into account the effects of hydrogen-natural gas blending on different types of— natural gas pipeline systems materials, including cast iron, steel, composite pipe, and plastic pipe; and components of such systems, including valves and meters. Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the results of the study conducted under subsection (a). The results of the study under subsection (a) should inform the rulemaking efforts of the Secretary relating to hydrogen-natural gas blending. The Secretary may determine that rulemaking efforts related to hydrogen should be advanced before completion of the study under subsection (a). Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit or otherwise limit the authority of the Secretary to issue regulations relating to hydrogen prior to the submission of the report under subsection (d).

21. Penalty for causing a defect in or disrupting operation of pipeline infrastructure Section 60123 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: A person shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both, if the person knowingly and willfully— causes a defect in a pipe, pump, compressor, or valve in the possession of a pipeline operator to be used in construction of any pipeline facility described in subsection (b) that would affect the integrity or safe operation of any such facility; or disrupts the operation of any pipeline facility described in subsection (b) by causing or undertaking the unauthorized or unplanned turning or manipulation of a valve. In this subsection, the term in the possession of a pipeline operator means, with respect to a pipe, pump, compressor, or valve, that such pipe, pump, compressor, or valve is— in transit to a pipeline component staging site or construction site; at a pipeline component staging site; or at a construction site. (e)Penalty for causing a defect in or disrupting operation of pipeline infrastructure (1)In generalA person shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both, if the person knowingly and willfully— (A)causes a defect in a pipe, pump, compressor, or valve in the possession of a pipeline operator to be used in construction of any pipeline facility described in subsection (b) that would affect the integrity or safe operation of any such facility; or (B)disrupts the operation of any pipeline facility described in subsection (b) by causing or undertaking the unauthorized or unplanned turning or manipulation of a valve. (2)DefinitionIn this subsection, the term in the possession of a pipeline operator means, with respect to a pipe, pump, compressor, or valve, that such pipe, pump, compressor, or valve is— (A)in transit to a pipeline component staging site or construction site; (B)at a pipeline component staging site; or (C)at a construction site..

23. Liquefied natural gas regulatory coordination The Secretary of Transportation shall establish and convene a Liquefied Natural Gas Regulatory Safety Working Group (in this section referred to as the Working Group) through the National Center of Excellence for Liquefied Natural Gas Safety to clarify the authority of Federal agencies in the authorizing and oversight of LNG facilities, other than peak shaving facilities, and improve coordination of the authority of such agencies. The Working Group shall consist of certain representatives of the Federal Government, as such term is defined in clauses (i) through (v) of section 111(a)(3)(F) of the PIPES Act of 2020 (Public Law 116–260), as designated by the Secretary of Transportation or appropriate Federal agency leadership. The Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration or a designee of the Administrator shall serve as chair of the Working Group, unless an alternate member of the working group is selected by unanimous consent of the Working Group. The Chair of the Working Group shall establish an agenda and schedule for the Working Group to accomplish the objectives described in subsection (c). The Working Group shall evaluate individual Federal agency authorities pertaining to the siting and design, construction, operation and maintenance, and operational and process safety regulations of LNG facilities. The Working Group shall negotiate Federal agency agreements pursuant to subsection (d) to establish procedures for— the application of the respective authorities of each Federal agency in ensuring safety in a manner to ensure effective regulation of LNG facilities in the public interest; resolving conflicts concerning overlapping jurisdiction among the Federal agencies; and avoiding, to the extent possible and if appropriate, conflicting or duplicative regulation, inspection protocols, and reporting obligations. Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the agencies represented on the Working Group shall enter into interagency agreements or memorandums of understanding regarding best practices and individual agency safety oversight enforcement responsibilities regarding LNG facilities, other than peak shaving facilities. Not later than 1 year after entering into interagency agency agreements or memorandum of understanding under subsection (d), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the memorandum of understanding or interagency agreements and how such memorandum or agreements have contributed to improved safety and enforcement oversight coordination of LNG facilities. In this section, the term LNG means liquefied natural gas.

24. Pipeline safety voluntary information-sharing system Chapter 601 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following: The Secretary shall establish a confidential voluntary information-sharing system (referred to in this section as VIS) to encourage the sharing of pipeline safety data and information in a non-punitive context in order to improve the safety of gas, carbon dioxide, and hazardous liquid gathering, transmission, and distribution pipelines and facilities, including storage facilities. The purpose of the VIS is to establish a comprehensive, systematic, and integrated structure to gather, evaluate, and quantify critical pipeline safety data and information and to share recommended remediation measures and lessons learned across the pipeline industry in an effort to improve pipeline safety, including damage prevention efforts, while protecting participant confidentiality. In establishing the VIS under this section, the Secretary shall implement and manage such VIS based on the Pipeline Safety Voluntary Information-Sharing System Recommendation Report prepared pursuant to section 10 of the Protecting Our Infrastructure of Pipelines and Enhancing Safety Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 60108 note). The VIS shall not be considered a Federal advisory committee and shall not be subject to the requirements of chapter 10 of title 5. A Governing Board, a Program Manager, a Third-Party Information Manager, and Issue Analysis Teams shall govern the VIS. Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration shall appoint a Governing Board after consulting with public and private pipeline safety stakeholders. The Governing Board shall be comprised of at least 9 members and shall represent a balanced cross-section of pipeline safety stakeholders with pipeline safety knowledge or experience as follows: At least 3 individuals shall be selected from departments, agencies, instrumentalities of the Federal Government, Territories or Tribal governments, State governments, or local governments, 1 of which shall be the Administrator. At least 3 individuals shall be selected from the gas, carbon dioxide, or hazardous liquid industries, such as operators, trade associations, inspection technology, coating, and cathodic protection vendors, and pipeline inspection organizations. At least 3 individuals shall be selected from public safety advocate organizations, such as pipeline safety and environmental advocacy groups, public safety-focused research institutions, or labor and worker safety representatives. Each member of the Governing Board shall be appointed for a term of 3 years, with the terms of 3 of the members expiring each year. The term of at least 1 member of each of the 3 stakeholder groups established in subparagraph (B) shall expire each year. In the initial appointment of members, terms of 1, 2, and 3 years shall be established to allow the terms of 3 members to expire thereafter each year. Each member may be reappointed for consecutive 3-year terms. The Governing Board shall be co-chaired by— the Administrator; a representative of the stakeholder group described in subparagraph (B)(ii), who shall be appointed with advice and consent of the Governing Board; and a representative of the stakeholder group described in subparagraph (B)(iii), who shall be appointed with advice and consent of the Governing Board. The co-chairs of the Governing Board shall be jointly responsible for organizing and conducting meetings of the Governing Board. The Governing Board shall make decisions by a super-majority of two-thirds plus 1 of the Governing Board members and shall have the authority to— govern and provide strategic oversight to the VIS; develop governance documents, including a Governing Board charter that is made available to the public, and that describes the scope of the authority and objectives of the Board; select a Third-Party Data Manager described in paragraph (4) with expertise in data protection, aggregation, and analytics and geographic information systems; approve the criteria and procedures governing how the Third-Party Data Manager described in paragraph (4) will receive and accept pipeline safety data and information and who will have the authority to view VIS data; establish and appoint members to Issue Analysis Teams described in paragraph (5) that consist of technical and subject matter experts; collaborate with Issue Analysis Teams described in paragraph (5) to identify the issues and topics to be analyzed; collaborate with Issue Analysis Teams described in paragraph (5) to specify the type of de-identified pipeline safety data and information that Issue Analysis Teams need in order to analyze the issues identified under clause (vi) and topics; determine the information to be disseminated; determine the reports to be disseminated; at least once per year, issue a report to the public on VIS processes, membership of the Governing Board, issues or topics being investigated and analyzed, pipeline safety data and information that the VIS has requested for submission to the VIS, and safety trends identified; and perform other functions as the Governing Board decides are necessary or appropriate consistent with the purpose of the VIS. The Administrator shall provide the day-to-day program management and administrative support for the VIS, including oversight of the Third-Party Data Manager described in paragraph (4). A Third-Party Data Manager shall provide data management and data oversight services for the VIS. In fulfilling the responsibilities described in subparagraph (A), the Third-Party Data Manager shall— accept pipeline safety data and information submitted to the VIS that meets the criteria and procedures established by the Governing Board under paragraph (2)(E)(iv); de-identify, securely store, and manage pipeline safety data and information that is accepted by the VIS; collaborate with Issue Analysis Teams described in paragraph (5) to aggregate and analyze de-identified pipeline safety data and information that is accepted by the VIS; prepare reports as requested by the Governing Board regarding the type of pipeline safety data and information that is managed by the VIS; and make recommendations regarding the management of pipeline safety data and information, as appropriate. Issue Analysis Teams of the VIS shall— work with the Third-Party Data Manager described in paragraph (4) to aggregate and analyze de-identified pipeline safety data and information accepted by the VIS; collaborate with the Governing Board to identify issues and topics for analysis and submit internal reports and recommendations to the Governing Board; and prepare reports as requested by the Governing Board regarding issues and topics identified for additional research by the Governing Board. The submission of pipeline safety data and information to the VIS by any person shall be voluntary, with no person compelled to participate in or submit data or information for inclusion in the VIS. The VIS shall implement policies to ensure that all operator data or information submitted has been authorized by the operator for submission. The Governing Board shall encourage the voluntary sharing of pipeline safety data and information among operators of gas, carbon dioxide, and hazardous liquid gathering, transmission, and distribution pipelines and facilities, employees, labor unions, contractors, in-line inspection service providers, non-destructive evaluation experts, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, representatives of State pipeline safety agencies, local and Tribal governments, pipeline safety advocacy groups, manufacturers, research and academic institutions, and other pipeline stakeholders. Pipeline safety data and information accepted by the VIS may include— pipeline integrity risk analysis information; lessons learned from accidents and near misses; process improvements; technology deployment practices; information obtained through VIS pipeline safety surveys of pipeline operator employees, as long as such surveys are voluntarily agreed to by the pipeline operator; and pipeline safety data and information which may lead to the identification of pipeline safety risks. To facilitate the sharing of otherwise non-public pipeline safety data and information (hereinafter known as non-public information) in the VIS, non-public information accepted by the VIS and which may be analyzed, stored, or managed by the VIS shall be kept confidential by the VIS. Subparagraph (A) shall not be construed to apply to public information that may be submitted to the VIS or to non-public information that is required to be submitted to any Federal, State, local, or Tribal agency under any other provision of law. Notwithstanding subsections (e) and (f), the Governing Board may approve the disclosure of de-identified, non-public information by the VIS or by the Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration based on analysis of the de-identified information and any safety findings or recommendations that the Governing Board in the sole discretion of the Board determines to publish or authorizes the Administrator to publish to improve pipeline safety. In issuing public reports under subsection (b)(2)(E)(x), the Governing Board shall approve the disclosure of de-identified, non-public information by the VIS that the Governing Board determines is necessary to adequately describe and illustrate the issues and topics being investigated and analyzed by the VIS. Except as provided in paragraph (2), no person, including any VIS Governing Board member, the Program Manager, the Third-Party Data Manager described in subsection (b)(4), an Issue Analysis Team member described in subsection (b)(5), or any Federal, State, local, or Tribal agency, having or obtaining access to non-public information by virtue of the acceptance of such information to the VIS, shall release or communicate VIS held non-public information, in either an identified or de-identified form, to any person that does not have the authority to view VIS data. Any non-public information that is accepted by the VIS and which may be analyzed, stored, or managed by the VIS and subsequently obtained by the Secretary or the Administrator by virtue of the acceptance of such information to the VIS shall be exempt from the requirements of section 552 of title 5 and specifically exempt from release under subsection (b)(3) of such section. Except as provided in paragraph (3), non-public information accepted by the VIS and which may be analyzed, stored, or managed by the VIS shall not be obtained from the VIS— for use as evidence for any purpose in any Federal, State, local, Tribal, or private litigation, including any action or proceeding; or to initiate any enforcement action or civil litigation against a pipeline operator or employees or contractors of such operator relating to a probable violation under this chapter (including any regulation promulgated or order issued under this chapter). Except as provided in paragraph (3), non-public information accepted by the VIS and which may be analyzed, stored, or managed by the VIS shall not be subject to discovery from the VIS in any Federal, State, local, Tribal, or private litigation or other proceeding. The exclusions described in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply to non-public information accepted by the VIS that is— evidence of a criminal violation; not related to the established purpose of the VIS described in subsection (a)(2); otherwise required to be reported to the Secretary under part 191 (including information about an incident or accident), part 192, part 194, part 195, or part 199 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), or required to be reported under the requirements of a State authority; or developed or obtained from a source other than the VIS, including through discovery from a person or an entity other than the VIS in an enforcement action or private litigation. The exclusions described in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply to non-public information that is submitted to but not accepted by the VIS. Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect Federal, State, Tribal, or local pipeline safety law. Nothing in this section or any rule, regulation, or amendment issued pursuant to this section shall be construed to create a defense to a discovery request or otherwise limit or affect the discovery of pipeline safety data and information arising from a cause of action authorized under any Federal, State, Tribal, or local law. Paragraph (1) shall not apply to exclusions from discovery from the VIS as described in subsection (f)(2). Members of the VIS Governing Board and Issue Analysis Teams may be paid expenses under section 5703 of title 5. A payment under this subsection shall not be construed to make a member of the VIS Governing Board an officer or employee of the Federal Government. Paragraph (1) shall not apply to members of the VIS Governing Board that are employees of the Federal Government. Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and make publicly available, a report that includes— a detailed accounting of the allocation and uses of expenditures authorized under this section; an estimate of the annual cost to maintain the VIS program, including an assessment and projection of costs associated with the Third-Party Data Manager, data sourcing and storage, data governance, data architecture, data consumption, and the VIS operations and administration by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; the methodology for determining the estimate under paragraph (2); the number of expected participants in the VIS program; the number of Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration positions needed to maintain the VIS program; the projected timeline for the implementation of the VIS program to meet the purposes under subsection (a)(2); and recommendations to ensure sufficient funding for the ongoing activities of the VIS program, including a reasonable fee assessed on authorized participants in the VIS program. There are authorized to be appropriated for the establishment of a voluntary information-sharing program under this section— $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2029. The analysis for chapter 601 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following: 60145.Voluntary information-sharing system (a)Establishment (1)In generalThe Secretary shall establish a confidential voluntary information-sharing system (referred to in this section as VIS) to encourage the sharing of pipeline safety data and information in a non-punitive context in order to improve the safety of gas, carbon dioxide, and hazardous liquid gathering, transmission, and distribution pipelines and facilities, including storage facilities. (2)PurposeThe purpose of the VIS is to establish a comprehensive, systematic, and integrated structure to gather, evaluate, and quantify critical pipeline safety data and information and to share recommended remediation measures and lessons learned across the pipeline industry in an effort to improve pipeline safety, including damage prevention efforts, while protecting participant confidentiality. (3)Implementation and managementIn establishing the VIS under this section, the Secretary shall implement and manage such VIS based on the Pipeline Safety Voluntary Information-Sharing System Recommendation Report prepared pursuant to section 10 of the Protecting Our Infrastructure of Pipelines and Enhancing Safety Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 60108 note). (4)Inapplicability of FACAThe VIS shall not be considered a Federal advisory committee and shall not be subject to the requirements of chapter 10 of title 5. (b)Governance (1)In generalA Governing Board, a Program Manager, a Third-Party Information Manager, and Issue Analysis Teams shall govern the VIS. (2)Governing board (A)In generalNot later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration shall appoint a Governing Board after consulting with public and private pipeline safety stakeholders. (B)Composition of the boardThe Governing Board shall be comprised of at least 9 members and shall represent a balanced cross-section of pipeline safety stakeholders with pipeline safety knowledge or experience as follows: (i)At least 3 individuals shall be selected from departments, agencies, instrumentalities of the Federal Government, Territories or Tribal governments, State governments, or local governments, 1 of which shall be the Administrator. (ii)At least 3 individuals shall be selected from the gas, carbon dioxide, or hazardous liquid industries, such as operators, trade associations, inspection technology, coating, and cathodic protection vendors, and pipeline inspection organizations. (iii)At least 3 individuals shall be selected from public safety advocate organizations, such as pipeline safety and environmental advocacy groups, public safety-focused research institutions, or labor and worker safety representatives. (C)Board terms (i)In generalEach member of the Governing Board shall be appointed for a term of 3 years, with the terms of 3 of the members expiring each year. (ii)Term expirationThe term of at least 1 member of each of the 3 stakeholder groups established in subparagraph (B) shall expire each year. (iii)Initial appointmentIn the initial appointment of members, terms of 1, 2, and 3 years shall be established to allow the terms of 3 members to expire thereafter each year. (iv)ReappointmentEach member may be reappointed for consecutive 3-year terms. (D)Co-chairs (i)In generalThe Governing Board shall be co-chaired by— (I)the Administrator; (II)a representative of the stakeholder group described in subparagraph (B)(ii), who shall be appointed with advice and consent of the Governing Board; and (III)a representative of the stakeholder group described in subparagraph (B)(iii), who shall be appointed with advice and consent of the Governing Board. (ii)ResponsibilitiesThe co-chairs of the Governing Board shall be jointly responsible for organizing and conducting meetings of the Governing Board. (E)AuthorityThe Governing Board shall make decisions by a super-majority of two-thirds plus 1 of the Governing Board members and shall have the authority to— (i)govern and provide strategic oversight to the VIS; (ii)develop governance documents, including a Governing Board charter that is made available to the public, and that describes the scope of the authority and objectives of the Board; (iii)select a Third-Party Data Manager described in paragraph (4) with expertise in data protection, aggregation, and analytics and geographic information systems; (iv)approve the criteria and procedures governing how the Third-Party Data Manager described in paragraph (4) will receive and accept pipeline safety data and information and who will have the authority to view VIS data; (v)establish and appoint members to Issue Analysis Teams described in paragraph (5) that consist of technical and subject matter experts; (vi)collaborate with Issue Analysis Teams described in paragraph (5) to identify the issues and topics to be analyzed; (vii)collaborate with Issue Analysis Teams described in paragraph (5) to specify the type of de-identified pipeline safety data and information that Issue Analysis Teams need in order to analyze the issues identified under clause (vi) and topics; (viii)determine the information to be disseminated; (ix)determine the reports to be disseminated; (x)at least once per year, issue a report to the public on VIS processes, membership of the Governing Board, issues or topics being investigated and analyzed, pipeline safety data and information that the VIS has requested for submission to the VIS, and safety trends identified; and (xi)perform other functions as the Governing Board decides are necessary or appropriate consistent with the purpose of the VIS. (3)Program managerThe Administrator shall provide the day-to-day program management and administrative support for the VIS, including oversight of the Third-Party Data Manager described in paragraph (4). (4)Third-party data manager (A)In generalA Third-Party Data Manager shall provide data management and data oversight services for the VIS. (B)ResponsibilitiesIn fulfilling the responsibilities described in subparagraph (A), the Third-Party Data Manager shall— (i)accept pipeline safety data and information submitted to the VIS that meets the criteria and procedures established by the Governing Board under paragraph (2)(E)(iv); (ii)de-identify, securely store, and manage pipeline safety data and information that is accepted by the VIS; (iii)collaborate with Issue Analysis Teams described in paragraph (5) to aggregate and analyze de-identified pipeline safety data and information that is accepted by the VIS; (iv)prepare reports as requested by the Governing Board regarding the type of pipeline safety data and information that is managed by the VIS; and (v)make recommendations regarding the management of pipeline safety data and information, as appropriate. (5)Issue analysis teamsIssue Analysis Teams of the VIS shall— (A)work with the Third-Party Data Manager described in paragraph (4) to aggregate and analyze de-identified pipeline safety data and information accepted by the VIS; (B)collaborate with the Governing Board to identify issues and topics for analysis and submit internal reports and recommendations to the Governing Board; and (C)prepare reports as requested by the Governing Board regarding issues and topics identified for additional research by the Governing Board. (6)Participation (A)In generalThe submission of pipeline safety data and information to the VIS by any person shall be voluntary, with no person compelled to participate in or submit data or information for inclusion in the VIS. (B)Acceptance of informationThe VIS shall implement policies to ensure that all operator data or information submitted has been authorized by the operator for submission. (C)Sharing of informationThe Governing Board shall encourage the voluntary sharing of pipeline safety data and information among operators of gas, carbon dioxide, and hazardous liquid gathering, transmission, and distribution pipelines and facilities, employees, labor unions, contractors, in-line inspection service providers, non-destructive evaluation experts, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, representatives of State pipeline safety agencies, local and Tribal governments, pipeline safety advocacy groups, manufacturers, research and academic institutions, and other pipeline stakeholders. (c)Information sharing (1)InclusionsPipeline safety data and information accepted by the VIS may include— (A)pipeline integrity risk analysis information; (B)lessons learned from accidents and near misses; (C)process improvements; (D)technology deployment practices; (E)information obtained through VIS pipeline safety surveys of pipeline operator employees, as long as such surveys are voluntarily agreed to by the pipeline operator; and (F)pipeline safety data and information which may lead to the identification of pipeline safety risks. (d)Confidentiality (1)In general (A)ConfidentialityTo facilitate the sharing of otherwise non-public pipeline safety data and information (hereinafter known as non-public information) in the VIS, non-public information accepted by the VIS and which may be analyzed, stored, or managed by the VIS shall be kept confidential by the VIS. (B)Rule of constructionSubparagraph (A) shall not be construed to apply to public information that may be submitted to the VIS or to non-public information that is required to be submitted to any Federal, State, local, or Tribal agency under any other provision of law. (2)Disclosure of de-identified, non-public information (A)In generalNotwithstanding subsections (e) and (f), the Governing Board may approve the disclosure of de-identified, non-public information by the VIS or by the Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration based on analysis of the de-identified information and any safety findings or recommendations that the Governing Board in the sole discretion of the Board determines to publish or authorizes the Administrator to publish to improve pipeline safety. (B)Public reportsIn issuing public reports under subsection (b)(2)(E)(x), the Governing Board shall approve the disclosure of de-identified, non-public information by the VIS that the Governing Board determines is necessary to adequately describe and illustrate the issues and topics being investigated and analyzed by the VIS. (3)LimitationExcept as provided in paragraph (2), no person, including any VIS Governing Board member, the Program Manager, the Third-Party Data Manager described in subsection (b)(4), an Issue Analysis Team member described in subsection (b)(5), or any Federal, State, local, or Tribal agency, having or obtaining access to non-public information by virtue of the acceptance of such information to the VIS, shall release or communicate VIS held non-public information, in either an identified or de-identified form, to any person that does not have the authority to view VIS data. (e)Applicability of FOIAAny non-public information that is accepted by the VIS and which may be analyzed, stored, or managed by the VIS and subsequently obtained by the Secretary or the Administrator by virtue of the acceptance of such information to the VIS shall be exempt from the requirements of section 552 of title 5 and specifically exempt from release under subsection (b)(3) of such section. (f)Exclusions (1)Excluded evidenceExcept as provided in paragraph (3), non-public information accepted by the VIS and which may be analyzed, stored, or managed by the VIS shall not be obtained from the VIS— (A)for use as evidence for any purpose in any Federal, State, local, Tribal, or private litigation, including any action or proceeding; or (B)to initiate any enforcement action or civil litigation against a pipeline operator or employees or contractors of such operator relating to a probable violation under this chapter (including any regulation promulgated or order issued under this chapter). (2)Exclusion from discoveryExcept as provided in paragraph (3), non-public information accepted by the VIS and which may be analyzed, stored, or managed by the VIS shall not be subject to discovery from the VIS in any Federal, State, local, Tribal, or private litigation or other proceeding. (3)Limitations on exclusionsThe exclusions described in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply to non-public information accepted by the VIS that is— (A)evidence of a criminal violation; (B)not related to the established purpose of the VIS described in subsection (a)(2); (C)otherwise required to be reported to the Secretary under part 191 (including information about an incident or accident), part 192, part 194, part 195, or part 199 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), or required to be reported under the requirements of a State authority; or (D)developed or obtained from a source other than the VIS, including through discovery from a person or an entity other than the VIS in an enforcement action or private litigation. (4)Additional limitations on exclusionsThe exclusions described in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply to non-public information that is submitted to but not accepted by the VIS. (g)Effect on State lawNothing in this section shall be construed to affect Federal, State, Tribal, or local pipeline safety law. (h)No effect on discovery (1)Rule of constructionNothing in this section or any rule, regulation, or amendment issued pursuant to this section shall be construed to create a defense to a discovery request or otherwise limit or affect the discovery of pipeline safety data and information arising from a cause of action authorized under any Federal, State, Tribal, or local law. (2)ExceptionParagraph (1) shall not apply to exclusions from discovery from the VIS as described in subsection (f)(2). (i)Expenses (1)In generalMembers of the VIS Governing Board and Issue Analysis Teams may be paid expenses under section 5703 of title 5. (2)Rule of constructionA payment under this subsection shall not be construed to make a member of the VIS Governing Board an officer or employee of the Federal Government. (3)Federal employeesParagraph (1) shall not apply to members of the VIS Governing Board that are employees of the Federal Government. (j)Report on VISNot later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and make publicly available, a report that includes— (1)a detailed accounting of the allocation and uses of expenditures authorized under this section; (2)an estimate of the annual cost to maintain the VIS program, including an assessment and projection of costs associated with the Third-Party Data Manager, data sourcing and storage, data governance, data architecture, data consumption, and the VIS operations and administration by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration; (3)the methodology for determining the estimate under paragraph (2); (4)the number of expected participants in the VIS program; (5)the number of Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration positions needed to maintain the VIS program; (6)the projected timeline for the implementation of the VIS program to meet the purposes under subsection (a)(2); and (7)recommendations to ensure sufficient funding for the ongoing activities of the VIS program, including a reasonable fee assessed on authorized participants in the VIS program. (k)Authorization of appropriationsThere are authorized to be appropriated for the establishment of a voluntary information-sharing program under this section— (1)$1,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; (2)$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; (3)$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and (4)$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.. 60145.Voluntary information-sharing system..

25. Carbon dioxide pipelines Section 60102 of title 49, United States Code, is amended— in subsection (b)— in subparagraph (1)(B)(i) by inserting or carbon dioxide after hazardous liquids; and in paragraph (2)(A)— by redesignating clause (ii) and (iii) as clause (iii) and (iv), respectively; and by inserting after clause (i) the following: carbon dioxide pipeline safety information; in subsection (c) by inserting or carbon dioxide pipeline facility after hazardous liquid pipeline facility; in subsection (d)(2)— in subparagraph (A) by striking and at the end; in subparagraph (B) by striking the semicolon and inserting ; and; and by adding at the end the following: major carbon dioxide pipeline facilities of the operator; in subsection (e) by striking transportation of gas or hazardous liquid and inserting transportation of gas, hazardous liquid, or carbon dioxide; in subsection (f)(1) by striking natural gas transmission pipeline or hazardous liquid pipeline facilities and inserting natural gas transmission pipeline, hazardous liquid pipeline facilities, or carbon dioxide pipeline facilities each place it appears; and in subsection (i)— in paragraph (1) by striking regulate carbon dioxide and all that follows through by such a facility and inserting prescribe standards related to pipeline facilities to ensure the safe transportation of carbon dioxide in a liquid or supercritical state by such facilities; by striking paragraph (2)(B) and inserting the following: The Secretary shall establish the minimum safety standards in part 195 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, as applicable. in paragraph (3) by inserting prescribe the location of a carbon dioxide storage facility or to before regulate piping; by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); by inserting after paragraph (2) the following: The Secretary shall prescribe minimum safety standards for the injection, withdrawal, and storage of carbon dioxide incidental to pipeline transportation. In this paragraph, the term storage of carbon dioxide incidental to pipeline transportation— means the temporary receipt and storage of carbon dioxide transported by pipeline for continued transport; but does not include— with respect to each State, the long-term containment of carbon dioxide in subsurface geologic formations or other activity subject to the requirements of a State underground injection control program prescribed by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and applicable to the State, or adopted by the State and approved by the Administrator, under part C of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300h et seq.); or the temporary storage of carbon dioxide in any excepted pipelines listed in paragraph (b) of section 195.1 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, as of the date of enactment of the PIPES Act of 2025. by adding at the end the following: The Secretary shall prescribe minimum safety standards to require each operator of a carbon dioxide pipeline facility to employ vapor dispersion modeling to identify high consequence areas, as defined at section 195.450 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, and paragraph (7)(I)(A) of Appendix C to part 195 of such title, that could be affected by a release from such a pipeline. In performing the vapor dispersion modeling under subparagraph (A), operators of a carbon dioxide pipeline facility shall consider— the topography surrounding the pipeline; atmospheric conditions that could affect vapor dispersion; pipeline operating characteristics; and additional substances present in the pipeline that could affect vapor dispersion. The Secretary shall require each operator of a carbon dioxide pipeline facility to maintain records documenting the areas that could affect high consequence areas, as determined using the vapor dispersion modeling required pursuant to subparagraph (A), in the manual of written procedures for operating, maintaining, and handling emergencies for such pipeline. In responding to a public request for information regarding carbon dioxide dispersion modeling, the Secretary may, taking into account public safety, security, and the need for public access, exclude from disclosure (as the Secretary determines appropriate)— security sensitive information related to strategies for responding to worst-case carbon dioxide release scenarios; security sensitive information related to carbon dioxide release plumes; and security sensitive information related to plans for responding to a carbon dioxide release. Nothing in this section may be construed to require disclosure of information or records that are exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5. Not later than 1 year after the date of publishing a notice of proposed rulemaking titled Pipeline Safety: Safety of Carbon Dioxide and Hazardous Liquid Pipelines (or any other notice of proposed rulemaking covering substantially similar regulatory requirements), the Secretary shall issue a final rule based on such proposed rulemaking. The final rule shall include updates to such regulations as are necessary to implement section 60102(i) of title 49, United States Code, as amended by subsection (a), and other carbon dioxide safety issues identified by the Secretary. Section 60105(b)(9)(A) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking natural gas and hazardous liquid and inserting natural gas, hazardous liquid, and carbon dioxide. Section 60107(a)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting or interstate carbon dioxide after interstate hazardous liquid. Section 60108 of title 49, United States Code, is amended— in subsection (a)(1) by striking gas pipeline facility or hazardous liquid pipeline facility and inserting gas pipeline facility, hazardous liquid pipeline facility, or carbon dioxide pipeline facility; and in subsection (e)(1) by striking gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facility and inserting gas pipeline facility, hazardous liquid pipeline facility, or carbon dioxide pipeline facility. Section 60109 of title 49, United States Code, is amended— in subsection (a)(1)(B)— by inserting or carbon dioxide after by operators of hazardous liquid; by inserting and carbon dioxide after each hazardous liquid each place it appears; and in clause (ii) by inserting or carbon dioxide after there is a hazardous liquid; in subsection (b) by inserting or carbon dioxide after there is a hazardous liquid; and in subsection (g)— in the heading by inserting and carbon dioxide after Liquid; and in paragraph (2) by inserting or carbon dioxide after underwater hazardous liquid. Section 60115 of title 49, United States Code, is amended— in subsection (b)(2)— by striking transporting hazardous liquid or operating a hazardous liquid pipeline facility and inserting transporting hazardous liquid, transporting carbon dioxide, operating a hazardous liquid pipeline facility, or operating a carbon dioxide pipeline facility each place it appears; and by striking transporting hazardous liquid and of hazardous liquid pipeline facilities and inserting transporting hazardous liquid or transporting carbon dioxide and of hazardous liquid pipeline facilities or carbon dioxide pipeline facilities; in subsection (b)(3)(B) by striking the natural gas or hazardous liquid industry and inserting the natural gas industry, the hazardous liquid industry, or the carbon dioxide industry; in subsection (b)(4)(B) by striking natural gas pipelines or hazardous liquid pipeline facilities and inserting natural gas pipelines, hazardous liquid pipeline facilities, or carbon dioxide pipeline facilities; in subsection (c)(1)(B) by striking transporting hazardous liquid and for hazardous liquid pipeline facilities and inserting transporting carbon dioxide, hazardous liquid pipeline facilities and carbon dioxide facilities; and in subsection (d)(1) by striking transporting hazardous liquid and for hazardous liquid pipeline facilities and inserting transporting hazardous liquid, transporting carbon dioxide, hazardous liquid pipeline facilities, and carbon dioxide pipeline facilities. Section 60116 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facility and inserting gas pipeline facility, hazardous liquid pipeline facility, or carbon dioxide pipeline facility each place that it appears. Section 60117 of title 49, United States Code, is amended— in subsection (o)(1)— in subparagraph (A) by striking liquid pipeline facility or liquefied natural gas pipeline facility and inserting liquid pipeline facility, a liquefied natural gas pipeline facility, or a carbon dioxide pipeline facility; and in subparagraph (B)(i)(II) by inserting or carbon dioxide pipeline facility after hazardous liquid pipeline facility; and in subsection (p)— in paragraph (1) by striking gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facilities and inserting gas pipeline facilities, hazardous liquid pipeline facilities, or carbon dioxide pipeline facilities; and in paragraph (8) by striking gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facility and inserting gas pipeline facility, hazardous liquid pipeline facility, or carbon dioxide pipeline facility. Section 60123(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking an interstate hazardous liquid pipeline facility, or either an intrastate gas pipeline facility or intrastate hazardous liquid pipeline facility and inserting an interstate hazardous liquid pipeline facility, an interstate carbon dioxide pipeline facility, or either an intrastate gas pipeline facility, an intrastate hazardous liquid pipeline facility, or an intrastate carbon dioxide facility. Section 60125(b)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking gas or hazardous liquid pipelines and inserting gas pipelines, hazardous liquid pipelines, or carbon dioxide pipelines. Section 60128(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking interstate gas pipeline facility or interstate hazardous liquid pipeline facility and inserting interstate gas pipeline facility, interstate hazardous liquid pipeline facility, or interstate carbon dioxide pipeline facility. Section 60131(g) of title 49, United States Code, is amended— in paragraph (1) by striking and at the end; in paragraph (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and; and by adding at the end the following: with respect to a carbon dioxide pipeline facility, activities equivalent to the activities described with respect to a hazardous liquid pipeline facility under section 195.501 of such title. Section 60135(a)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking gas and hazardous liquid pipeline and inserting gas, hazardous liquid, and carbon dioxide pipeline. Section 60137 and title 49, United States Code, is amended— in subsection (a) by striking gas or hazardous liquid pipeline and inserting gas, hazardous liquid, or carbon dioxide pipeline; in subsection (d) by striking gas or hazardous liquid pipeline and inserting gas, hazardous liquid, or carbon dioxide pipeline; and in subsection (e) by striking gas or hazardous liquid pipeline and inserting gas, hazardous liquid, or carbon dioxide pipeline. Section 60142 of title 49, United States Code, is amended— in subsection (a)— in paragraph (1) by striking or at the end; by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and by inserting after paragraph (1) the following: a carbon dioxide pipeline facility; or in subsection (k)(2)(A) by striking interstate gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facilities and inserting interstate gas pipeline facilities, interstate hazardous liquid pipeline facilities, or interstate carbon dioxide pipeline facilities; and in subsection (l)(1) by striking interstate gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facilities and inserting interstate gas pipeline facilities, interstate hazardous liquid pipeline facilities, or interstate carbon dioxide pipeline facilities. Section 60143 of title 49, United States Code, is amended— in subsection (a)(2) by inserting carbon dioxide, after hazardous liquid,; and in subsection (b) by striking gas transmission and hazardous liquid pipelines and inserting gas transmission, hazardous liquid, and carbon dioxide pipelines each place it appears. Section 60301 of title 49, United States Code, is amended— in subsection (a) by striking natural gas and hazardous liquids and inserting natural gas, hazardous liquids, and carbon dioxide; in subsection (b) by striking gas pipeline facility, or a hazardous liquid pipeline facility and inserting gas pipeline facility, a hazardous liquid pipeline facility, or a carbon dioxide pipeline facility; and in subsection (d)(1)— in subparagraph (A) by striking and at the end; and by adding at the end the following: related to a carbon dioxide pipeline facility may be used only for an activity related to carbon dioxide under chapter 601 of this title; and (ii)carbon dioxide pipeline safety information;; (C)major carbon dioxide pipeline facilities of the operator;; (B)Inclusion of applicable standardsThe Secretary shall establish the minimum safety standards in part 195 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, as applicable.; (3)Storage of carbon dioxide (A)Minimum safety standardsThe Secretary shall prescribe minimum safety standards for the injection, withdrawal, and storage of carbon dioxide incidental to pipeline transportation. (B)Storage of carbon dioxide incidental to pipeline transportationIn this paragraph, the term storage of carbon dioxide incidental to pipeline transportation— (i)means the temporary receipt and storage of carbon dioxide transported by pipeline for continued transport; but (ii)does not include— (I)with respect to each State, the long-term containment of carbon dioxide in subsurface geologic formations or other activity subject to the requirements of a State underground injection control program prescribed by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and applicable to the State, or adopted by the State and approved by the Administrator, under part C of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300h et seq.); or (II)the temporary storage of carbon dioxide in any excepted pipelines listed in paragraph (b) of section 195.1 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, as of the date of enactment of the PIPES Act of 2025.; and (5)Dispersion Modeling (A)Safety standardsThe Secretary shall prescribe minimum safety standards to require each operator of a carbon dioxide pipeline facility to employ vapor dispersion modeling to identify high consequence areas, as defined at section 195.450 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, and paragraph (7)(I)(A) of Appendix C to part 195 of such title, that could be affected by a release from such a pipeline. (B)ConsiderationsIn performing the vapor dispersion modeling under subparagraph (A), operators of a carbon dioxide pipeline facility shall consider— (i)the topography surrounding the pipeline; (ii)atmospheric conditions that could affect vapor dispersion; (iii)pipeline operating characteristics; and (iv)additional substances present in the pipeline that could affect vapor dispersion. (C)Maintenance of filesThe Secretary shall require each operator of a carbon dioxide pipeline facility to maintain records documenting the areas that could affect high consequence areas, as determined using the vapor dispersion modeling required pursuant to subparagraph (A), in the manual of written procedures for operating, maintaining, and handling emergencies for such pipeline. (D)Protection of sensitive informationIn responding to a public request for information regarding carbon dioxide dispersion modeling, the Secretary may, taking into account public safety, security, and the need for public access, exclude from disclosure (as the Secretary determines appropriate)— (i)security sensitive information related to strategies for responding to worst-case carbon dioxide release scenarios; (ii)security sensitive information related to carbon dioxide release plumes; and (iii)security sensitive information related to plans for responding to a carbon dioxide release. (E)Statutory constructionNothing in this section may be construed to require disclosure of information or records that are exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5.. (3)with respect to a carbon dioxide pipeline facility, activities equivalent to the activities described with respect to a hazardous liquid pipeline facility under section 195.501 of such title. . (2)a carbon dioxide pipeline facility; or; (C)related to a carbon dioxide pipeline facility may be used only for an activity related to carbon dioxide under chapter 601 of this title; and.

27. State pipeline safety grants reporting Section 60107(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended— by striking After notifying and inserting (1) Withholding of payment.—After notifying; and by adding at the end the following: The budget estimates of the Secretary for each fiscal year shall include— a summary of amounts claimed, amounts reimbursed, and the percentages reimbursed in the preceding 3 fiscal years for the program under this section; and the estimated funding necessary to fund 80 percent of the cost of the personnel, equipment, and activities under this section for the subsequent calendar year. (2)Budget estimateThe budget estimates of the Secretary for each fiscal year shall include— (A)a summary of amounts claimed, amounts reimbursed, and the percentages reimbursed in the preceding 3 fiscal years for the program under this section; and (B)the estimated funding necessary to fund 80 percent of the cost of the personnel, equipment, and activities under this section for the subsequent calendar year..

28. Disclosure of safety information assessment Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall conduct an assessment on how gas pipeline facility, hazardous liquid pipeline facility, and carbon dioxide pipeline facility owners and operators engage with, and provide safety information to, the public and State, Tribal, or local emergency response organizations. In conducting the assessment required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consider— pipeline safety materials that the owners and operators of pipelines described in subsection (a) voluntarily provide to the public; methods of interaction between pipeline facility owners and operators and the public and State, Tribal, and local emergency response entities; Federal, State, Tribal, and local government regulations governing information that pipeline facility owners and operators are required to share with the public; industry consensus standards regarding the sharing of pipeline safety and emergency response information; specific data that could be shared with local, Tribal, and State emergency response and planning agencies, local public and Tribal officials, and governing councils to enhance information sharing and pipeline safety, specifically— the identification of general pipeline location, or information including location, the products transported by pipeline or stored at an underground natural gas facility, data on breakout tanks or production facilities that includes pipeline classification and impact areas, and owner or operator emergency response planning materials; and information emergency response organizations ask pipeline owners and operators to voluntarily share with the public; emergency response materials that pipeline facility owners and operators voluntarily provide to emergency response organizations; how pipeline facility owners and operators communicate with emergency response organizations, including— the functional quality and use of data shared through the National Pipeline Mapping System; and the measures taken by emergency response organizations to secure any sensitive information shared; emergency response planning guidance and requirements issued by emergency response organizations for pipeline facility owners and operators; and changes emergency response organizations recommend to improve communication with the public and emergency response coordination organizations. In conducting the assessment under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consult with both large and small pipeline facility owners and operators, urban and rural State, local, and Tribal governments, emergency response organizations, and pipeline safety organizations. Not later than 180 days after completion of the assessment in subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, a report containing the findings of the assessment under subsection (a) and any legislative recommendations of the Secretary. Not later than 180 days after the submission of the report under subsection (d), the Secretary may issue guidance to improve pipeline safety information sharing with the public and other interested parties to advance pipeline safety. The definitions contained in section 60101(a) of title 49, United States Code, shall apply to this section.

29. Assessment of certain pipeline safety definitions Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall evaluate the definition in section 192.5(b)(3)(ii) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, and the definition of identified site in section 192.903 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to determine the adequacy for protecting buildings and occupied outdoor facilities from pipeline safety incidents. In carrying out the evaluation under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consider— whether to revise the definition of the occupancy counts of these areas; whether consistency in minimum occupancy thresholds throughout part 192 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, would improve safety; and whether defining the occupancy counts in these areas as 20 or more persons on at least a total of 50 days within any 12-month period would improve— safety; and the efficiency of carrying out class determinations. The Secretary shall issue such regulations as the Secretary determines necessary to modify the definitions in subsection (a) to increase safety for the protection of buildings and occupied outdoor facilities from pipeline safety incidents.

30. Report assessing the costs of pipeline failures Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall enter into an agreement with the National Academies under which the National Academies shall, not later than 3 years after such date of enactment, conduct a study of the direct and indirect costs related to the failure or shutdown of a gas, hazardous liquid, or carbon dioxide pipeline facility. The study described under subsection (a) may include an analysis of— the direct and indirect costs related to a failure or shutdown of a gas, hazardous liquid, or carbon dioxide pipeline facility, including local, State, and Tribal community emergency response costs, local, State, and Tribal planning for emergency response, and local, State, and Tribal community impact costs of loss of product; the costs to an operator of such a facility of complying with enforcement actions related to a pipeline facility failure or shutdown, such as corrective action or consent orders, safety orders, and emergency orders; the direct and indirect costs related to failure or shutdown of a gas, hazardous liquid, or carbon dioxide pipeline facility resulting from a cyber attack or intrusion, including any economic and supply chain impacts; the impact to emergency response planning and resources of local communities, operators of gas, hazardous liquid, or carbon dioxide pipeline facilities, and the State, Federal, local, and Tribal governments in responding to and mitigating the impacts of a failure or shutdown of a gas, hazardous liquid, or carbon dioxide pipeline facility; the costs of environmental remediation resulting from a gas, hazardous liquid, or carbon dioxide pipeline facility failure or shutdown; the economic impact of a gas, hazardous liquid, or carbon dioxide pipeline facility failure or shutdown, including— increases in product costs; damage to public and private property; and the potential costs of moving gas, hazardous liquid, or carbon dioxide by other means of transportation, including by rail, truck, and barge; and increased energy costs to households and businesses reliant on the movement of the gas, hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide due to the shutdown or failure of a pipeline facility. In conducting the study under subsection (a), the National Academies shall consult with economists, State, Federal, local, and Tribal governments, emergency management officials, and pipeline stakeholders, including pipeline facility operators and public safety and environmental groups. Upon completion of the study conducted under subsection (a), the Secretary shall— require the National Academies to submit to the Secretary a report on such study; and submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report containing the results of such study.

31. Study on localized emergency alert system for pipeline facilities incidents Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Secretary of Transportation, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a study assessing— the need and feasibility of requiring owners and operators of covered facilities to establish and maintain a localized emergency alert system; and whether such an alert system would be best maintained by State, Tribal, or local emergency management officials or owners and operators of such facilities. In conducting the study under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall— consider the feasibility, benefits, costs, and safety impacts to affected stakeholders, including owners and operators of covered facilities, the public, and State and local emergency management officials, of requiring a localized emergency alert system; consider whether a localized emergency alert system can be established by such owners and operators or incorporated into existing public alert, broadcast, and electronic emergency alert systems, including by assessing— whether a localized emergency alert system established and maintained by an owner or operator of a covered facility would conflict with, or impede the operation of, existing emergency alert systems; the feasibility, benefits, costs, and technological needs of incorporating facility system data into existing emergency alert systems; whether local emergency management organizations may need additional hardware, software, personnel, or communications support to incorporate a localized emergency alert system into an existing emergency alert system; whether other systems could support notification to the public of an incident or accident at a covered facility, such as the National Response Center, the Reverse-911 telecommunication system, or severe weather warning systems; and whether localized emergency alert systems have been considered, studied, or implemented in other high hazard industries, such as industrial gases, chemicals, petrochemicals, and petroleum refining, and the results of any study or implementation of such systems in such industries; consult with owners and operators of large and small covered facilities, public safety advocacy groups, and urban and rural State, Tribal, and local emergency management officials; assess the adequacy of existing practices of owners and operators of covered facilities in providing timely and pertinent safety communication about an incident or accident at such facility to local communities, including individuals with disabilities and other at-risk populations with access and functional needs, affected by such incident or accident; assess whether there are legal hurdles to establishing a localized emergency alert system that uses voluntarily collected data or opt-in procedures, including any data security considerations; consider the feasibility, benefits, costs, and other impacts to State and Federal safety regulators who would oversee any requirement of owners and operators of covered facilities; assess the types of incidents and accidents at covered facilities, by commodities transported and the unique characteristics of such incident or accident, that should be reported through a localized emergency alert system and the content of the information that should be provided; assess which members of the public should receive communications from localized emergency alert systems, including individuals, persons, or organizations located in the vicinity of high consequence areas, unusually sensitive areas, and any other defining characteristics as determined by the Comptroller General; and consider whether any Federal requirements or mandates are needed in order to establish an effective localized emergency alert system for incidents or accidents at covered facilities. The Comptroller General shall include in the study conducted under subsection (a) any policy recommendations developed as a result of the information studied and assessed under subsection (b). In this section: The term covered facility means a gas pipeline facility, a hazardous liquid pipeline facility, or a carbon dioxide pipeline facility, including a liquefied natural gas storage facility or an underground natural gas storage facility, as defined in section 60101 of title 49, United States Code. The term localized emergency alert system means a system that provides to individuals in the immediate vicinity of a covered facility an electronic notification of an incident or accident at such facility that presents an immediate risk to life or property.

32. Maximum allowable operating pressure Section 60139 of title 49, United States Code, is amended— in subsection (c)(1)(A) by inserting except as provided in subsection (e), before require; by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and by inserting after subsection (d) the following: Until the completion of the report of the Working Group required under paragraph (2) and the rulemaking proceeding required under paragraph (3), the Secretary shall not require an owner or operator of a pipeline facility to reconfirm the maximum allowable operating pressure of a natural gas transmission pipeline pursuant to section 192.624 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, if the owner or operator confirms the material strength of the pipeline through prior testing conducted to a sufficient minimum pressure in accordance with prevailing safety standards and practices, including any applicable class location factors, and documented in contemporaneous records. No later than 30 days after the date of enactment of the PIPES Act of 2025, the Secretary of Transportation shall create a fairly balanced working group (hereinafter referred to as the Working Group) to produce a report containing recommendations on the minimum pressure and contemporaneous records that are sufficient to confirm the material strength of a pipeline through prior testing. The Working Group— shall be comprised of the Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, State pipeline regulators, the public, and industry stakeholders active in the operation of natural gas pipelines; and may include members of the Technical Pipeline Safety Standards Committee or be conducted in a manner that otherwise ensures input from the public, as determined appropriate by the Secretary. In preparing the report required under paragraph (1), the Working Group— shall consider historical practices and all available research conducted regarding minimum pressure and contemporaneous records on transmission pipelines; and may consider the need for any additional research or analyses needed to demonstrate the adequacy of any strength testing performed. Chapter 10 of title 5 shall not apply to the Working Group. Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the PIPES Act of 2025, the Working Group shall submit to the Secretary the report produced under paragraph (2), including any minority views. Not later than 180 days after receiving the report described in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall initiate a rulemaking proceeding under section 60102 to revise, or make a technical correction to, the maximum allowable operating pressure reconfirmation regulations issued pursuant to this section. (e)Testing records working group (1)Previously tested transmission linesUntil the completion of the report of the Working Group required under paragraph (2) and the rulemaking proceeding required under paragraph (3), the Secretary shall not require an owner or operator of a pipeline facility to reconfirm the maximum allowable operating pressure of a natural gas transmission pipeline pursuant to section 192.624 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, if the owner or operator confirms the material strength of the pipeline through prior testing conducted to a sufficient minimum pressure in accordance with prevailing safety standards and practices, including any applicable class location factors, and documented in contemporaneous records. (2)Working group report (A)In generalNo later than 30 days after the date of enactment of the PIPES Act of 2025, the Secretary of Transportation shall create a fairly balanced working group (hereinafter referred to as the Working Group) to produce a report containing recommendations on the minimum pressure and contemporaneous records that are sufficient to confirm the material strength of a pipeline through prior testing. (B)Composition of Working GroupThe Working Group— (i)shall be comprised of the Administrator of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, State pipeline regulators, the public, and industry stakeholders active in the operation of natural gas pipelines; and (ii)may include members of the Technical Pipeline Safety Standards Committee or be conducted in a manner that otherwise ensures input from the public, as determined appropriate by the Secretary. (C)ConsiderationIn preparing the report required under paragraph (1), the Working Group— (i)shall consider historical practices and all available research conducted regarding minimum pressure and contemporaneous records on transmission pipelines; and (ii)may consider the need for any additional research or analyses needed to demonstrate the adequacy of any strength testing performed. (D)Applicability of FACAChapter 10 of title 5 shall not apply to the Working Group. (E)Submission of reportNot later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the PIPES Act of 2025, the Working Group shall submit to the Secretary the report produced under paragraph (2), including any minority views. (3)RulemakingNot later than 180 days after receiving the report described in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall initiate a rulemaking proceeding under section 60102 to revise, or make a technical correction to, the maximum allowable operating pressure reconfirmation regulations issued pursuant to this section..