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Edward J. Markey

Analysis

D MA · Senate

2025–Present Senate

2023–2025 Senate

2021–2023 Senate

2019–2021 Senate

2017–2019 Senate

2015–2017 Senate

2013–2013 House Of Representatives (District 5)

2013–2015 Senate

2011–2013 House Of Representatives (District 7)

2009–2011 House Of Representatives (District 7)

2007–2009 House Of Representatives (District 7)

2005–2007 House Of Representatives (District 7)

2003–2005 House Of Representatives (District 7)

2001–2003 House Of Representatives (District 7)

1999–2001 House Of Representatives (District 7)

1997–1999 House Of Representatives (District 7)

1995–1997 House Of Representatives (District 7)

1993–1995 House Of Representatives (District 7)

1991–1993 House Of Representatives (District 7)

1989–1991 House Of Representatives (District 7)

1987–1989 House Of Representatives (District 7)

1985–1987 House Of Representatives (District 7)

1983–1985 House Of Representatives (District 7)

1981–1983 House Of Representatives (District 7)

1979–1981 House Of Representatives (District 7)

1977–1979 House Of Representatives (District 7)

282

Defense

-86

Helped 797 Hurt 883 Unclear 637

Healthcare

+151

Helped 626 Hurt 475 Unclear 1181

Education

+64

Helped 532 Hurt 468 Unclear 413

Government Operations

-22

Helped 95 Hurt 117 Unclear 1066

Finance

-55

Helped 475 Hurt 530 Unclear 261

Energy

-198

Helped 359 Hurt 557 Unclear 228

Agriculture

+125

Helped 385 Hurt 260 Unclear 137

Environment

+53

Helped 282 Hurt 229 Unclear 258

Transportation

-61

Helped 221 Hurt 282 Unclear 235

Veterans Affairs

+193

Helped 347 Hurt 154 Unclear 81

Labor

+73

Helped 208 Hurt 135 Unclear 215

Housing

+149

Helped 299 Hurt 150 Unclear 17

Criminal Justice

-26

Helped 200 Hurt 226 Unclear 39

Trade

-11

Helped 178 Hurt 189 Unclear 42

Technology

-23

Helped 148 Hurt 171 Unclear 82

Immigration

-118

Helped 50 Hurt 168 Unclear 133

Appropriations

+93

Helped 204 Hurt 111 Unclear 17

Foreign Policy

-19

Helped 123 Hurt 142 Unclear 51

Social Welfare

+169

Helped 218 Hurt 49 Unclear 41

Civil Rights

+86

Helped 173 Hurt 87 Unclear 37

20 policy domains

Helped Hurt Mixed Unclear

Industry Impact Profile

17822 industry impacts

All entities →

How this is computed

P Primary sponsor · C Co-sponsor · Y Yea vote · N Nay vote

Weighted score (w:) uses strongest role per bill. Weights: Primary 1.0, Co-sponsor 0.3, Yea 0.1, Nay -0.1.

Bills where the legislator voted nay (without sponsorship) contribute -0.1 per bill. Equal yea and nay roll calls on the same bill contribute 0.

Vote date filters affect vote attribution; sponsorship is always included.

Positive-Effect Industries

Government 2069 P·47 C·326 Y·1356 N·1696 w:42.6

Direct (1550), Veterans Affairs (114), Defense (94), Child Welfare (40), DoD (33), VA (19), Executive (17), Legislative (16), State (16), USDA (16), Treasury (14), Congress (12), Agriculture (11), CMS (9), Justice (8), Transportation (8), NPS (7), Judiciary (6), Oversight (6), DOJ (4), Education (4), Foreign Affairs (4), ICE (4), Local (4), DHS (3), Immigration (3), NOAA (3), Cemeteries (2), DOD (2), EPA (2), FDA (2), FEMA (2), Federal (2), Federal Agencies (2), HHS (2), Housing (2), Interior/USDA (2), International Development (2), Military Logistics (2), NASA (2), SBA (2), SSA (2), State/Local (2), Civil Servants (1), Defense R&D (1), Election Workers (1), Employees (1), Environmental Regulation (1), Homeland Security (1), Intelligence (1), Interior (1), Judicial (1), Local Election Administration (1), Manufacturing (1), Treasury Department (1)

General Public 769 P·64 C·342 Y·347 N·363 w:32.2

Direct (586), Veterans (121), Military Families (16), Low Income (7), Homeless (6), Minority Voters (5), Voters (4), Disabled (3), Military (3), District Of Columbia (2), Foreign (2), Formerly Incarcerated (2), Immigration Status Holders (2), Minorities (2), Native American Voters (2), African Americans (1), Capital District (1), Elderly (1), Language Minority Voters (1), Students (1), Support Networks (1)

Education 500 P·48 C·309 Y·121 N·143 w:31.5

Direct (491), Child Care (3), Higher Education (1), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Students (1), Technical (1), Vocational (1)

Healthcare 310 P·19 C·92 Y·189 N·198 w:12.6

Direct (269), Patients (16), Research (15), Community (3), Tribal (3), Mental Health (2), Global South (1), Hospitals (1)

Agriculture 247 P·12 C·80 Y·151 N·155 w:12.1

Direct (239), Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2)

Defense 235 C·11 Y·108 N·224 w:0.8

Direct (222), Naval (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1), Missiles (1), Missiles/Hypersonics (1), Nuclear C3 (1), Rotorcraft (1), Small Business (1), Small/Innovative (1), Space Systems (1)

Military 230 C·6 Y·109 N·224 w:0.5

Direct (229), Families (1)

Environment 213 P·57 C·143 Y·11 N·13 w:32.3

Construction 190 P·11 C·22 Y·131 N·157 w:6.9

Direct (187), Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)

State & Local Government 189 P·17 C·97 Y·65 N·75 w:18.4

Direct (178), Medicaid (6), Education (2), Medicaid Programs (2), Elections (1)

Negative-Effect Industries

Government 2547 P·240 C·1278 Y·767 N·1028 w:120.5

Direct (2079), Defense (74), Veterans Affairs (66), Judiciary (35), EPA (23), HHS (17), State (17), Child Welfare (15), Federal (12), Education (11), NPS (11), State/Local (11), Immigration (10), FDA (9), Foreign (9), Transportation (8), VA (8), Agriculture (7), BLM (7), Forest Service (7), Justice Administration (7), CFPB (6), Executive (6), Border Security (5), Treasury (5), Legislative (4), NOAA (4), State Transportation (4), Treasury/IRS (4), DHS (3), General (3), Independent Agencies (3), NOAA/EPA (3), Regional Planning (3), SEC (3), ATF (2), Acquisition (2), Congress (2), Defense Acquisition (2), Executive Branch (2), Federal Agencies (2), Intelligence (2), Local (2), Local Election Administration (2), Military (2), Regulatory (2), State Department (2), State Election Administration (2), State Legislatures (2), State/Local Election Administration (2), Coast Guard (1), DoD (1), Energy/Defense (1), Health And Human Services (1), Homeland Security (1), Housing (1), Interior (1), Interior Department (1), Justice (1), Labor (1), NNSA (1), OPM (1), SSA (1), Space Force (1), Strategic Command (1), U.S. Coast Guard (1), USDA (1), Waste Management (1)

Financial Services 241 P·8 C·179 Y·50 N·54 w:16.9

Direct (240), Transgender Individuals (1)

Education 229 P·15 C·125 Y·85 N·89 w:21.6

General Public 209 P·15 C·63 Y·119 N·130 w:17.1

Direct (186), Veterans (20), Taxpayers (2), Bad Actors (1)

State & Local Government 179 P·5 C·118 Y·54 N·56 w:8.5

Direct (165), Elections (4), Non-Expansion (3), Justice Administration (2), Medicaid Programs (2), Motor Vehicles (2), Education (1)

Oil & Gas 178 P·23 C·145 Y·9 N·10 w:8.5

Environment 170 P·28 C·90 Y·51 N·52 w:23.7

Defense 169 P·4 C·17 Y·54 N·148 w:3.2

Direct (165), Nuclear (2), Logistics (1), Maintenance (1)

Transportation 168 P·15 C·79 Y·44 N·74 w:17.1

Healthcare 151 P·7 C·34 Y·98 N·110 w:4.9

Direct (139), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2), Reproductive Health (2), Safety Net Providers (2), Mental Health (1)

Click any row to see supporting clauses

Showing positive and negative-direction effects only. Mixed and uncertain effects are not included in these counts.

Votes by Industry (Yea/Nay Alignment)

How this legislator's Yea/Nay votes landed across industries; distinct from overall bill exposure above.

Analysis coverage

100.0% of votes

Show vote-alignment table

S+ Supported Benefits

S- Supported Burdens

O+ Opposed Benefits

O- Opposed Burdens

Industry	S+	S-	Net
Government (58 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans Affairs (180), Defense (158), DoD (34), VA (23), EPA (22) +53 more			-541
General Public (5 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans (141), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2), Taxpayers (1)			-240
Defense (14 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Naval (2), Nuclear (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1) +9 more			-78
Military (2 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Families (1), Space Force (1)			-29
Healthcare (8 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Research (15), Community (3), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Tribal (3), Family Planning Services (2) +3 more			-75
Education (4 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)			-34
Construction (3 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)		-	-107
Taxpayers	-	-	-18
Agriculture (5 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2), Coffee Production (1)	-		-142
Manufacturing (4 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (2), Defense (1), Foreign Adversary (1)			-7
Transportation			-13
Immigration		-	+109
Financial Services (3 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): HSA (7), HSA Administration (2), Transgender Individuals (1)			-39
State & Local Government (3 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (4), Non-Expansion (3)			-3
Energy (1 sub) Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Distributed Generation (1)			-28

Votes are cast on entire bills; attribution to individual clauses does not imply clause-level intent. Learn more

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