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Tim Kaine

Tim Kaine

D VA · Senate

2025–Present Senate
2023–2025 Senate
2021–2023 Senate
2019–2021 Senate
2017–2019 Senate
2015–2017 Senate
2013–2015 Senate
Vote Date:
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Defense

-43
Helped 917 Hurt 960 Unclear 669

Healthcare

+160
Helped 583 Hurt 423 Unclear 683

Finance

+37
Helped 457 Hurt 420 Mixed 3 Unclear 192

Education

-55
Helped 285 Hurt 340 Unclear 321

Government Operations

-51
Helped 75 Hurt 126 Unclear 742

Energy

-110
Helped 253 Hurt 363 Unclear 122

Agriculture

+124
Helped 327 Hurt 203 Unclear 110

Transportation

-234
Helped 109 Hurt 343 Unclear 188

Veterans Affairs

+183
Helped 348 Hurt 165 Unclear 86

Foreign Policy

-60
Helped 229 Hurt 289 Mixed 1 Unclear 77

Environment

-3
Helped 177 Hurt 180 Unclear 197

Sanctions

-57
Helped 218 Hurt 275 Unclear 18

Labor

+43
Helped 178 Hurt 135 Unclear 177

Technology

+32
Helped 215 Hurt 183 Unclear 53

Foreign Affairs

-31
Helped 172 Hurt 203 Unclear 69

Trade

+13
Helped 179 Hurt 166 Unclear 36

Housing

+99
Helped 223 Hurt 124 Unclear 15

Criminal Justice

+3
Helped 170 Hurt 167 Unclear 23

Appropriations

+93
Helped 204 Hurt 111 Unclear 17

Federal Budget

+162
Helped 207 Hurt 45 Unclear 36
20 policy domains
Helped Hurt Mixed Unclear

Industry Impact Profile

16125 industry impacts

All entities →
How this is computed

P Primary sponsor · C Co-sponsor · Y Yea vote · N Nay vote

Weighted score (w:) uses strongest role per bill. Weights: Primary 1.0, Co-sponsor 0.3, Yea 0.1, Nay -0.1.

Bills where the legislator voted nay (without sponsorship) contribute -0.1 per bill. Equal yea and nay roll calls on the same bill contribute 0.

Vote date filters affect vote attribution; sponsorship is always included.

Positive-Effect Industries

Direct (1717), Veterans Affairs (114), Defense (94), DoD (33), VA (19), USDA (18), Executive (16), Congress (14), Legislative (14), State (14), Treasury (12), Agriculture (11), CMS (9), Justice (8), Transportation (8), Education (7), NPS (7), Transportation Security (7), Oversight (6), DOJ (4), Foreign Affairs (4), ICE (4), Judiciary (4), State/Local (4), DHS (3), Legislative Branch (3), Cemeteries (2), FDA (2), FEMA (2), FTC (2), Federal (2), Homeland Security (2), Housing (2), Interior/USDA (2), International Development (2), Law Enforcement (2), Local (2), Military Logistics (2), NASA (2), SBA (2), SSA (2), State Department (2), DOI (1), Defense R&D (1), Election Workers (1), Employees (1), HHS (1), Intelligence (1), Judicial (1), Local Election Administration (1), Manufacturing (1)
Direct (479), Veterans (121), Military Families (16), Minority Voters (5), Voters (4), Military (3), District Of Columbia (2), Foreign (2), Native American Voters (2), Capital District (1), Language Minority Voters (1), Students (1)
Direct (312), Naval (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1), Missiles (1), Missiles/Hypersonics (1), Nuclear C3 (1), Rotorcraft (1), Small Business (1), Small/Innovative (1), Space Systems (1)
Direct (255), Patients (15), Research (15), Community (3), Tribal (3)
Direct (261), Child Care (3), HBCUs (1), HSIs (1), Immigrant Students (1), MSIs (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1), Tribal (1), Tribal/Native (1)
Direct (176), Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2)
Direct (157), Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
Direct (149), Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (2), Education (1), Elections (1)

Negative-Effect Industries

Direct (1963), Defense (76), Veterans Affairs (66), EPA (22), State (17), Federal (12), HHS (12), State/Local (12), Education (11), NPS (11), FDA (10), Transportation (8), VA (8), Agriculture (7), BLM (7), Forest Service (7), Homeland Security (6), DOI (5), Foreign (5), CFPB (4), Foreign Affairs (4), Intelligence (4), Treasury (4), Treasury/IRS (4), DHS (3), Executive (3), General (3), Legislative (3), NOAA (3), NOAA/EPA (3), SEC (3), ATF (2), Acquisition (2), Congress (2), Defense Acquisition (2), Executive Branch (2), Local Election Administration (2), Military (2), State Election Administration (2), State Legislatures (2), State/Local Election Administration (2), USDA (2), Coast Guard (1), DoD (1), Energy/Defense (1), Executive Office (1), Housing (1), Interior Department (1), Justice (1), Law Enforcement (1), Local (1), NNSA (1), OPM (1), Oversight (1), Space Force (1), Strategic Command (1), Transportation Security (1), U.S. Coast Guard (1), Waste Management (1)
Direct (230), Nuclear (2), Logistics (1), Maintenance (1)
Direct (165), Veterans (20), Bad Actors (1), Taxpayers (1)
Direct (155), Elections (4), Non-Expansion (3), Education (2), Medicaid Programs (2), Motor Vehicles (2)
Direct (125), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2), Reproductive Health (2), Safety Net Providers (2)

Click any row to see supporting clauses

Showing positive and negative-direction effects only. Mixed and uncertain effects are not included in these counts.

Votes by Industry (Yea/Nay Alignment)

How this legislator's Yea/Nay votes landed across industries; distinct from overall bill exposure above.

Analysis coverage
100.0% of votes
Show vote-alignment table
S+ Supported Benefits
S- Supported Burdens
O+ Opposed Benefits
O- Opposed Burdens
Industry S+ S- O+ O- Net
Government (58 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans Affairs (180), Defense (158), DoD (34), VA (23), EPA (22) +53 more
+135
General Public (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans (141), Military Families (16), Military (3), Foreign (2), Taxpayers (1)
+230
Defense (14 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Naval (2), Nuclear (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1) +9 more
-14
Military (2 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Families (1), Space Force (1)
-1
Healthcare (8 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Research (15), Community (3), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Tribal (3), Family Planning Services (2) +3 more
+97
Education (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Child Care (3), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)
+2
Construction (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
+83
Taxpayers - - -18
Agriculture (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2), Coffee Production (1)
+12
Manufacturing (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Foreign (7), Electrical Equipment (2), Defense (1), Foreign Adversary (1)
+15
Transportation +9
Immigration - - +107
Financial Services (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): HSA (7), HSA Administration (2), Transgender Individuals (1)
-13
State & Local Government (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (4), Non-Expansion (3)
- +9
Energy (1 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Distributed Generation (1)
-20

Votes are cast on entire bills; attribution to individual clauses does not imply clause-level intent. Learn more

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

s2627-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 to provide for greater spousal protection under defined contribution plans, and for other purposes.

7 clauses Jul 27, 2023
Financial Services Federal Administration Labor Education

s2470-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To increase transparency regarding the activities, and reduce the malign influence of, the People’s Republic of China in the Inter-American Development Bank, and for other purposes.

3 clauses Jul 25, 2023
Financial Services Federal Administration Defense Contractors Environmental Services

s2488-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To provide for increases in the Federal minimum wage, and for other purposes.

5 clauses Jul 25, 2023
Federal Administration Labor Environmental Services

s2344-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To expand Americans’ access to the ballot box and reduce the influence of big money in politics, and for other purposes.

213 clauses Jul 18, 2023
Transportation Federal Administration Immigration Services Environmental Services

s2221-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to clarify that all provisions shall apply to legally married same-sex couples in the same manner as other married couples, and for other purposes.

3 clauses Jul 10, 2023
Environmental Services

s2171-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To permit legally married same-sex couples to amend their filing status for tax returns outside the statute of limitations.

2 clauses Jun 22, 2023
Environmental Services

s1916-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To establish in the Department of State the Office to Monitor and Combat Islamophobia, and for other purposes.

3 clauses Jun 8, 2023
Federal Administration Education Environmental Services

s1727-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To provide a process for granting lawful permanent resident status to aliens from certain countries who meet specified eligibility requirements, and for other purposes.

4 clauses May 18, 2023
Immigration Services Federal Administration Defense Contractors Environmental Services

s1695-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide a credit to issuers of American infrastructure bonds.

2 clauses May 18, 2023
Financial Services Federal Administration Environmental Services

s1677-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To secure the Federal voting rights of persons when released from incarceration.

5 clauses May 18, 2023
Immigration Services Transportation Environmental Services

s1606-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To end preventable maternal mortality, severe maternal morbidity, and maternal health disparities in the United States, and for other purposes.

45 clauses May 15, 2023
Environmental Groups Healthcare Consumers Education Agriculture

s1581-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To remove college cost as a barrier to every student having access to a well-prepared and diverse educator workforce, and for other purposes.

2 clauses May 11, 2023
Environmental Groups Disaster Relief And Emergency Management Education Federal Government

s1527-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend title 10, United States Code, to ensure that members of the Armed Forces and their families have access to the contraception they need in order to promote the health and readiness of all members of the Armed Forces, and for other purposes.

5 clauses May 10, 2023
Environmental Groups Healthcare Consumers Education National Security

s1409-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To protect the safety of children on the internet.

28 clauses May 2, 2023
Healthcare Consumers Consumers Scientific Research Federal Government

sres181-118

Cosponsor In Committee

Supporting the designation of the week of April 24 through April 28, 2023, as National Specialized Instructional Support Personnel Appreciation Week.

1 clause Apr 27, 2023
Environmental Groups Foreign Businesses Education Healthcare Consumers

s1349-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To establish a postsecondary student data system.

3 clauses Apr 27, 2023
Environmental Groups Education Veterans Federal Government

s1383-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To regulate firearm silencers and firearm mufflers.

2 clauses Apr 27, 2023
Transportation Environmental Groups Energy Production Education

s1354-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To increase the quality and supply of child care and lower child care costs for families.

28 clauses Apr 27, 2023
Education Regulated Industries Federal Government Native American Tribes

s1271-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To impose sanctions with respect to trafficking of illicit fentanyl and its precursors by transnational criminal organizations, including cartels, and for other purposes.

65 clauses Apr 25, 2023
Foreign Businesses Healthcare Consumers Immigrant Communities Federal Government

s1272-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide for examination and disclosure with respect to Presidential income tax returns, to amend the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 to require the disclosure of certain tax returns by Presidents and certain candidates for the office of the President, and for other purposes.

5 clauses Apr 25, 2023
Financial Services Environmental Groups Regulated Industries Federal Government

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Click an industry from the Impact Profile to view supporting clauses

Policy Mechanisms Used

Industry Focus Distribution