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Tim Kaine

Tim Kaine

D VA · Senate

2025–Present Senate
2023–2025 Senate
2021–2023 Senate
2019–2021 Senate
2017–2019 Senate
2015–2017 Senate
2013–2015 Senate
Vote Date:
to

Defense

-67
Helped 764 Hurt 831 Unclear 464

Healthcare

+141
Helped 413 Hurt 272 Unclear 123

Finance

-33
Helped 309 Hurt 342 Mixed 3 Unclear 51

Agriculture

+128
Helped 305 Hurt 177 Unclear 82

Energy

-48
Helped 222 Hurt 270 Unclear 59

Veterans Affairs

+145
Helped 277 Hurt 132 Unclear 77

Education

+26
Helped 200 Hurt 174 Unclear 71

Trade

+8
Helped 168 Hurt 160 Unclear 18

Federal Budget

+166
Helped 210 Hurt 44 Unclear 36

Foreign Policy

-35
Helped 110 Hurt 145 Mixed 1 Unclear 30

Transportation

-69
Helped 82 Hurt 151 Unclear 34

Labor

+34
Helped 122 Hurt 88 Unclear 42

Technology

-5
Helped 115 Hurt 120 Unclear 15

Housing

+87
Helped 162 Hurt 75 Unclear 10

Foreign Affairs

-22
Helped 89 Hurt 111 Unclear 45

Immigration

-126
Helped 25 Hurt 151 Unclear 20

Criminal Justice

-6
Helped 83 Hurt 89 Unclear 14

Social Welfare

+87
Helped 119 Hurt 32 Unclear 19

Elections

-10
Helped 71 Hurt 81 Unclear 10

Environment

-34
Helped 59 Hurt 93
20 policy domains
Helped Hurt Mixed Unclear

Industry Impact Profile

11831 industry impacts

All entities →
How this is computed

P Primary sponsor · C Co-sponsor · Y Yea vote · N Nay vote

Weighted score (w:) uses strongest role per bill. Weights: Primary 1.0, Co-sponsor 0.3, Yea 0.1, Nay -0.1.

Bills where the legislator voted nay (without sponsorship) contribute -0.1 per bill. Equal yea and nay roll calls on the same bill contribute 0.

Vote date filters affect vote attribution; sponsorship is always included.

Positive-Effect Industries

Direct (1387), Veterans Affairs (80), Defense (60), DoD (33), VA (19), USDA (18), Executive (16), State (15), Congress (14), Legislative (14), Treasury (12), Agriculture (11), CMS (9), Transportation (8), Education (7), NPS (7), Transportation Security (7), Justice (6), DOJ (4), ICE (4), Judiciary (4), Oversight (4), State/Local (4), DHS (3), Legislative Branch (3), FDA (2), FEMA (2), FTC (2), Federal (2), Foreign Affairs (2), Homeland Security (2), Housing (2), Interior/USDA (2), International Development (2), Law Enforcement (2), Local (2), Military Logistics (2), NASA (2), SBA (2), SSA (2), State Department (2), Cemeteries (1), DOI (1), Defense R&D (1), Election Workers (1), Employees (1), HHS (1), Intelligence (1), Judicial (1), Local Election Administration (1), Manufacturing (1), Waste Management (1)
Direct (430), Veterans (88), Military Families (10), Minority Voters (5), Voters (4), District Of Columbia (2), Foreign (2), Military (2), Native American Voters (2), Capital District (1), Language Minority Voters (1), Students (1)
Direct (244), Naval (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1), Missiles (1), Missiles/Hypersonics (1), Nuclear C3 (1), Rotorcraft (1), Small Business (1), Small/Innovative (1), Space Systems (1)
Direct (223), Patients (15), Research (9), Community (2), Tribal (2)
Direct (185), Child Care (2), HBCUs (1), HSIs (1), Immigrant Students (1), MSIs (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1), Tribal (1), Tribal/Native (1)
Direct (151), Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2)
Direct (130), Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
Direct (120), Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (2), Education (1), Elections (1), Legal (1)

Negative-Effect Industries

Direct (1053), Defense (57), Veterans Affairs (50), EPA (22), State (16), Federal (12), State/Local (12), Education (11), NPS (11), FDA (10), HHS (8), Transportation (8), VA (8), Agriculture (7), BLM (7), Forest Service (7), Homeland Security (6), DOI (5), CFPB (4), Foreign (4), Foreign Affairs (4), Intelligence (4), Treasury/IRS (4), DHS (3), Executive (3), General (3), NOAA (3), NOAA/EPA (3), SEC (3), Treasury (3), ATF (2), Acquisition (2), Congress (2), Defense Acquisition (2), Executive Branch (2), Legislative (2), Local Election Administration (2), Military (2), State Department (2), State Election Administration (2), State Legislatures (2), State/Local Election Administration (2), USDA (2), Coast Guard (1), DOD (1), Department Of The Interior (1), DoD (1), Energy/Defense (1), Executive Office (1), Housing (1), Interior Department (1), Justice (1), Law Enforcement (1), Local (1), NNSA (1), OPM (1), Oversight (1), Space Force (1), Strategic Command (1), Transportation Security (1), U.S. Coast Guard (1)
Direct (150), Veterans (12), Bad Actors (1), Taxpayers (1)
Direct (144), Elections (4), Non-Expansion (3), Education (2), Medicaid Programs (2), Motor Vehicles (2)
Direct (140), Nuclear (2), Logistics (1), Maintenance (1)
Direct (99), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2), Reproductive Health (2), Safety Net Providers (2)

Click any row to see supporting clauses

Showing positive and negative-direction effects only. Mixed and uncertain effects are not included in these counts.

Votes by Industry (Yea/Nay Alignment)

How this legislator's Yea/Nay votes landed across industries; distinct from overall bill exposure above.

Analysis coverage
83.3% of votes
Show vote-alignment table
S+ Supported Benefits
S- Supported Burdens
O+ Opposed Benefits
O- Opposed Burdens
Industry S+ S- O+ O- Net
Government (58 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans Affairs (130), Defense (105), DoD (34), VA (23), EPA (22) +53 more
+99
General Public (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Veterans (100), Military Families (10), Foreign (2), Military (2), Taxpayers (1)
+156
Military (2 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Families (1), Space Force (1)
-1
Defense (14 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Naval (2), Nuclear (2), Testing (2), Ammunition (1), Ground Vehicles (1) +9 more
-7
Healthcare (8 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Research (9), Gender-Affirming Care (3), Community (2), Family Planning Services (2), Public Health (2) +3 more
+54
Education (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Child Care (2), Immigrant Students (1), Religious Studies (1), Technical (1)
+1
Taxpayers - - -34
Agriculture (5 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Coffee (2), Commodities (2), Hemp (2), Livestock (2), Coffee Production (1)
+11
Construction (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Federal/Military (1), Military/Pacific (1), Utilities/Infrastructure (1)
+56
Immigration - - +107
Manufacturing (4 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Foreign (6), Electrical Equipment (2), Defense (1), Foreign Adversary (1)
+11
Transportation +7
Financial Services (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): HSA (7), HSA Administration (2), Transgender Individuals (1)
-13
State & Local Government (3 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Medicaid (6), Medicaid Programs (4), Non-Expansion (3)
- +2
Energy (1 sub)
Sub-categories (total impacts, all buckets): Distributed Generation (1)
-15

Votes are cast on entire bills; attribution to individual clauses does not imply clause-level intent. Learn more

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

sres501-119

Cosponsor

Recognizing National Native American Heritage Month and celebrating the heritages and cultures of Native Americans and the contributions of Native Americans to the United States.

1 clause

sres645-118

Cosponsor

Designating the week of April 20 through April 28, 2024, as National Park Week.

1 clause

sres67-118

Primary Sponsor

Supporting the goals and ideals of Career and Technical Education Month.

1 clause

s4049-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A bill to repeal section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 relating to balance-of-payments authority.

0 clauses Mar 11, 2026

s4061-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A bill to amend the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to require local educational agencies to include mental health and suicide prevention information on student identification cards, and for other purposes.

0 clauses Mar 11, 2026

sres632-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A resolution requesting information on the Republic of Ghana's human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

0 clauses Mar 10, 2026

sres631-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A resolution requesting information on the Republic of Uzbekistan's human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

0 clauses Mar 10, 2026

sres633-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A resolution requesting information on the Republic of Honduras's human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

0 clauses Mar 10, 2026

sjres123-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.

0 clauses Mar 10, 2026

sres637-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A resolution requesting information on the Republic of Cameroon's human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act 1961.

0 clauses Mar 10, 2026

sres634-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A resolution requesting information on the Republic of Equatorial Guinea's human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

0 clauses Mar 10, 2026

s4039-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A bill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to reverse the reductions in Federal loan availability for graduate and professional students enacted under Public Law 119-21.

0 clauses Mar 10, 2026

sres635-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A resolution requesting information on the Republic of Kosovo's human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

0 clauses Mar 10, 2026

sres636-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

A resolution requesting information on the Republic of Guatemala's human rights practices pursuant to section 502B(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.

0 clauses Mar 10, 2026

sjres118-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.

0 clauses Mar 5, 2026

sjres117-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.

0 clauses Mar 5, 2026

s4012-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A bill to establish a commission on fiscal responsibility and reform.

0 clauses Mar 5, 2026

s4020-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A bill to authorize a grant program for the development and implementation of housing supply and affordability plans, and for other purposes.

0 clauses Mar 5, 2026

sjres115-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.

0 clauses Mar 5, 2026

sjres116-119

Cosponsor In Committee

A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress.

0 clauses Mar 5, 2026
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Policy Mechanisms Used

Industry Focus Distribution