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Kevin Cramer

Kevin Cramer

R ND · Senate

2025–Present Senate
2023–2025 Senate
2021–2023 Senate
2019–2021 Senate
2017–2019 House Of Representatives
2015–2017 House Of Representatives
2013–2015 House Of Representatives
Vote Date:
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Vote dates filter recorded votes and vote-linked bills; sponsorship remains included.

Policy Effects

Estimated effects on people, organizations, and industries in bills this legislator sponsored, cosponsored, or voted on. Includes bills they voted against.

These are assessments of legislative text, not measurements of realized outcomes or the legislator’s intent.

Explore policy areas

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What the effects and counts mean

Potential benefits are effects assessed as favorable to the named group. Potential burdens impose costs, restrictions, risks, or lost opportunities on that group.

Mixed effects contain countervailing effects on the same group. Unclear effects have an undetermined direction. A group can have separate benefits and burdens; these are counted separately.

Counts describe the number of identified effects, not their size or public value. Bill and clause counts are distinct within each view. Shared evidence may appear under several groups or policy areas, so their counts should not be added together.

Historical bill versions are included. Clauses analyzed in different versions count separately. A bill’s current status does not establish that every analyzed provision was enacted.

Only direct effects with high or medium confidence in the policy-area assignment are included. Bills are connected through sponsorship, cosponsorship, or Yea/Nay votes; a vote against a bill does not reverse its assessed effects. Vote dates filter recorded votes and vote-linked bills; sponsorship remains included.

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Sponsored & Cosponsored Bills

All Industries Academic Institutions Adoption Services Affected Communities Afghan Women And Girls Agency Financial Oversight Officials Agricultural Industry Agricultural Marketing Service Agricultural Producers Agriculture Air Force Global Strike Command Air Transport Airport Authorities Airport Grants Airport Infrastructure Airport Operators Alcohol Beverage Industry All Businesses All Industries Allied Nations Alternative Fuel Industry Ambulatory Health Care Services AmeriCorps Amphibious Vessel Industry Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Welfare Organizations Antitrust Appraisal Industry Architect Of The Capitol Architecture & Engineering Army Corps Of Engineers Army Leadership Arts And Cultural Institutions Asian Development Fund Automotive Beverages Biofuels Bond Markets Bureau Of Reclamation Business Associations Business Entities Business Owners And Operators Business Support Services COPS Grants Cannabis Cannabis Production And Distribution Capitol Police Force Capitol Tours Carbon Capture Carbon Sequestration Industry Cattle Ranching Charitable Contributors Chinese Companies Chinese Entities Civic & Social Organizations Civic Organizations Civil Liberties Civil Rights & Liberties Civil Rights Advocacy Civil Society Organizations Civilian Mariners Clean Hydrogen Production Climate Tech Cloud Services Coast Guard Coast Guard Facilities Coast Guard Firefighting Services Coast Guard Leadership Coast Guard Legal Professionals Coast Guard Medical Personnel Coast Guard Members Coast Guard Personnel Coastal Communities Coastal Restoration Collectibles College Students Commercial Air Transport Commercial Space Industry Commercial Space Industry Experts Community Anti-Drug Organizations Community Development Community Development Finance Community Development Investing Community Development Organizations Community Health Centers Community Organizations Commuters Compliance Services Congress Congressional Budget Office Congressional Committees Congressional Families Congressional Offices Congressional Oversight Congressional Security Congressional Staff Congressionally Directed Spending Construction Consumers Convention & Trade Show Organizers Corporate Debtors Corporate Sector Corrections Corrections & Detention Credit Bureaus Credit Intermediation Credit Intermediation And Related Activities Credit Reporting Creditors Criminal Defendants Criminal Offenders Critical Infrastructure Cryptocurrency Cuban Americans And Their Families Cuban Americans Eligible For Claims Cultural Institutions Custodial Services Custody Services Custom Computer Programming Services Cyber Threat Actors Cybercrime Cycling Industry Data Processing Defense Denied Enlistees Department Of Health And Human Services Department Of Homeland Security Department Of State Department Of The Interior Department Of The Treasury Depository Institutions Detention Facilities Development Finance Institutions Digital Advertising Digital Asset Exchanges Diplomacy Diplomatic Corps Diplomatic Service Diplomatic Services Disability Support Services Disaster Relief And Emergency Management Disaster Relief Funding Disaster-Affected Regions District Of Columbia Diversified Business Divided Families Domestic Businesses Donors And Contributors Dredging Industry Drug Enforcement Administration Economic Actors In Western Balkans Economic Development Economic Development Organizations Education Educational Services Election Assistance Commission Election Systems Industry Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Emergency Funding Emergency Management Services Emergency Services Emerging Leaders Employment Training Energy Environment Estate Planning Events & Tourism Family Health Information Centers Family Services Farm Credit Programs Farm Service Agency Federal Administration Federal Agency Operating Accounts Federal Appropriations Federal Budget Federal Budget Offices Federal Budget Oversight Federal Budget Programs Federal COVID Relief Programs Federal Civil Enforcement Federal Civil Service Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal Financial Regulators Federal Grant And Contract Offices Federal Grantees Federal Human Resources Offices Federal Land Management Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Federal Officials Federal Oversight Federal Payment Certifying Agencies Federal Payment Certifying Officials Federal Procurement Offices Federal Program Integrity Offices Federal Programs Federal Regulation Federal Regulatory Agencies Federal Transit Administration Finance Financial Services Firearm Industry Firearms Firearms Industry Firefighting Services Fish Processing Industry Fisheries Industry Fishing & Forestry Food & Beverage Foreign Adversaries Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs Programs Foreign Agents Foreign Aid Foreign Aid Recipients Foreign Allies Foreign Armed Groups Foreign Assistance Programs Foreign Businesses Foreign Countries Foreign Entities Foreign Entities Engaged In Prohibited/Notifiable Technologies Foreign Investment Foreign Issuers Foreign Organizations Foreign Private Issuers Foreign Renewable Fuel Producers Foreign Terrorist Organizations Foreign Visitors Foster Care Programs Fuel Distribution Companies Future Beneficiaries Gambling And Betting Services Gambling Industry Participants Gaming General Contractors And Suppliers General Foreign Entities General Industry General Industry In China General Public General Services Administration Global Business Global Fisheries Industry Government Government Contractors Government Employees Governments And Aid Organizations Green Building Services Green Finance HVAC & Air Quality HVAC Industry Health Care Health Care Providers Health Care Services Health Organizations Health Professionals Health Programs Health Resources And Services Administration Healthcare Hemp Industry Hemp Production High-Income Individuals Highway Infrastructure Highway Trust Fund Historical Aircraft Preservation Organizations Homeless Assistance Grants Homeless Service Providers Homeowners Hospice Care Hospitality And Tourism Industry Households Human Trafficking Related Entities Humanitarian Aid Humanitarian Organizations IT Services Illegal Activities Illegal Drug Trafficking Immigrant Communities Immigration Indian Health Service Indigenous Affairs Indigenous Communities Individual Contributors Individual Investors Individual Landowners Individual Savers Individual/Household Information Security Information Services Infrastructure Management Intellectual Property Internal Revenue Service International Affairs Professionals International Allies Of The U.S. International Business International Commerce International Cooperation Programs International Development International Development Finance International Development Organizations International Development Professionals International Development Projects International Drug Trafficking International Finance International Financial Governance International Fisheries Management International Governments International Organizations International Travelers Investigation & Security Services Investment And Development Companies Investment Fund Management Job Seekers Judicial Branch Judiciary Labor Language Services Large Corporations Law Enforcement Legislation Legislative Bodies Legislative Body Leisure And Hospitality Libraries And Archives Live Venue Operators Loan Guarantees Lobbying Local Communities Low-Income Households Manufacturing Marine Industries Marine Industry Marine Salvage Industry Media & Entertainment Medical Beneficiaries Medical Professionals Merchant Wholesalers Mergers And Acquisitions Military Mining Motor Vehicle Owners Multi-State Businesses Multifamily Development Museums Museums, Historical Sites, And Similar Institutions Music Industry Music Production N/A NASA Contractors And Grantees NATO Allies Nation Nation States National Archives And Records Administration National Health Service Corps National Laboratories National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration National Parks National Security Native Affairs Administration Native Hawaiian Enterprises Native Hawaiian Organizations Natural Resource Trustees Nature Parks And Other Similar Institutions Naval Operations Naval Ship Maintenance Naval Ship Maintenance Services Naval Support Facilities Naval Surface Vessel Maintenance Industry Naval Vehicles Navy Ship Maintenance Navy Ships Non-DoD Organizations Non-Governmental Organizations Non-compliant Governments Nongovernmental Organizations Nonprofits Nuclear Energy Numismatic Collectibles Nursing Care Facilities Office Of Justice Programs Office Of Management And Budget Office Of Navajo And Hopi Indian Relocation Office Of The Attending Physician Offices Of Physicians Oil & Gas Oil Refining Opioid Trafficking Organ Transplantation Organized Crime Outdoor Recreation Pandemic Relief Recipients Pass-Through Entities Patents Payment Integrity Agencies Payment Processing Personal Care Services Personal Finance Personal Savings Personal Vehicle Owners Pharmaceuticals Philanthropic Organizations Political Contributors Political Entities Political Leadership Port And Harbor Operations Port And Waterway Management Port Authorities Port Infrastructure Poultry Production Primary Care Services Printing And Related Support Activities Prison Population Private Detention Private Sector Private Sector Investment Professional Development Professional Services Property Owners Qualified Pass-Through Entities Quality Measurement Real Estate Recent Graduates / Entry-Level Professionals Recreation Recreation And Tourism Refugee Admissions RegTech Regulated Industries Regulatory Agency Religious Organizations Relocation Services Renewable Energy Renewable Fuel Producers Research & Science Residential Residential Homeowners Retail Retirement Savers Rural Communities SSI Beneficiaries Safety Training Sanctions Violators Seafood Industry Security Forces Security Services Self-Employment Senior Federal Officials Shipbuilding Small Business Social Security Social Services Social Welfare Space Agency Space Industry Space Launch Services Sporting Goods Stores Sports & Recreation State & Local Government State Department Office Of Inspector General State Health Programs State Human Services Agencies State Regulation State TANF Programs Student Borrowers Students And Families Sugar Industry Syrian Opposition Groups TANF Tanker Security Program Tanning Services Tax Advisory Tax Preparation Services Tax-Exempt Organizations Taxpayers Technology Telecommunications Telehealth Services Temporary Residents Tenant-Based Rental Assistance Terrorism Victims Terrorist Organizations Terrorist Threats Textile Industry Tobacco Products Tourism Tourism & Hospitality Tourism And Hospitality Trade Trade Associations Transit Agencies Transnational Criminal Organizations Transnational Organized Crime And Foreign Malign Influence Actors Transportation Travel Industry Travel Services Treasury General Fund Treasury Payment Integrity Systems Treasury Payment Systems Tribal Nations Trust And Estate Planning Services U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Customs And Border Protection U.S. Department Of State U.S. Department Of The Treasury U.S. Investors U.S. Residents U.S. State Department Leadership Unemployment Trust Fund United States Capitol Police United States Central Command United States Coast Guard United States European Command United States Secret Service Unmanned Aircraft Systems Unmanned Systems Industry Unmanned Systems Operators Urban Development Urban Planning Services Utilities Veterans Volunteers WIC Waste Management Water And Sewage Water Infrastructure Water Management Water Resource Management Water Supply Weather & Ocean Services Western Balkans Economy Whistleblowers Wildfire Suppression Wildlife Trafficking Worker Safety Training Youth Programs
Clear

s4952-119

Cosponsor Introduced

Protecting American Taxpayers Act

38 clauses Jul 13, 2026
Social Services Government State & Local Government Taxpayers

s2426-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Equitable Community Access to Pharmacist Services Act

1 clause Jul 24, 2025

s2392-119

Cosponsor Signed into Law

Veterans’ Compensation Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act of 2025

3 clauses Jul 23, 2025
Veterans

s1991-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend chapter 33 of title 31, United States Code, to require adequate information regarding payments of Federal funds.

3 clauses Jun 9, 2025

s1816-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Improving Seniors’ Timely Access to Care Act of 2025

1 clause May 20, 2025

s1173-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Restore Protections for Dialysis Patients Act

2 clauses Mar 27, 2025

s600-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Supporting Adopted Children and Families Act

5 clauses Feb 13, 2025

s474-119

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend title XIX of the Social Security Act to establish a minimum Medicaid disproportionate share hospital allotment for States.

2 clauses Feb 6, 2025

s339-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Nancy Gardner Sewell Medicare Multi-Cancer Early Detection Screening Coverage Act

1 clause Jan 30, 2025

s230-119

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend part D of title IV of the Social Security Act to ensure that child support for unborn children is collected and distributed under the child support enforcement program, and for other purposes.

1 clause Jan 23, 2025

s178-119

Cosponsor In Committee

Ensuring Accurate and Complete Abortion Data Reporting Act of 2025

5 clauses Jan 22, 2025

s106-119

Primary Sponsor In Committee

Chiropractic Medicare Coverage Modernization Act of 2025

2 clauses Jan 16, 2025

s5346-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend title XIX of the Social Security Act to establish a minimum Medicaid disproportionate share hospital allotment for States.

1 clause Nov 19, 2024

s4532-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to establish requirements with respect to the use of prior authorization under Medicare Advantage plans.

1 clause Jun 13, 2024

s4296-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend the Public Health Service Act to provide more opportunities for mothers to succeed, and for other purposes.

8 clauses May 9, 2024

s4094-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide for coverage of the Medicare Diabetes Prevention program, and for other purposes.

3 clauses Apr 10, 2024

s3611-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To amend part A of title IV of the Social Security Act to clarify the longstanding authority of States to use funds made available under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program to fund life-affirming services to empower pregnant women to choose life for their babies instead of abortion, and for other purposes.

4 clauses Jan 18, 2024

s3622-118

Primary Sponsor Introduced

To amend part D of title IV of the Social Security Act to ensure that child support for unborn children is collected and distributed under the child support enforcement program, and for other purposes.

1 clause Jan 18, 2024

s3333-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To enhance pre- and post-adoption support services, and for other purposes.

4 clauses Nov 15, 2023

s2879-118

Cosponsor Introduced

To provide targeted funding for States and other eligible entities through the Social Services Block Grant program to address the increased burden that maintaining the health and hygiene of infants and toddlers, medically complex children, and low-income adults or adults with disabilities who rely on adult incontinence materials and supplies place on families in need, the resultant adverse health effects on children and families, and the limited child care options available for infants and toddlers who lack sufficient diapers and diapering supplies, and for other purposes.

3 clauses Sep 21, 2023
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Explore affected groups in Policy Effects to view supporting evidence. Existing clause links also open here.