S1708-119

In Committee

Regulatory Accountability Act

119th Congress Introduced May 12, 2025

Analysis under review: This bill has generated analysis that may be too generic or incomplete. Clause-level evidence remains available below.

Summary

This bill fundamentally restructures how federal agencies make regulations. It requires agencies to consider alternatives and pick the one that maximizes net benefits for any rule costing more than $100 million per year. All proposed and final rules must be reviewed by the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs before publication. Major rules get longer public comment periods (90 days), a responsive comment period, and an advance notice of proposed rulemaking requirement. The bill also restricts agencies from advocating for or against their own proposed rules during the comment period, requires formal rulemaking hearings for high-impact rules (over $1 billion), elevates judicial review to a more searching standard, creates procedures for agencies to petition for retrospective review of rules, regulates agency guidance documents, and allows new presidential administrations to delay rules from the prior administration for up to 90 days.

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

Overhaul federal agency rulemaking under the Administrative Procedure Act by requiring cost-benefit analysis for major rules, OIRA review of all rules, enhanced public comment periods, mandatory advance notice for major rules, heightened judicial review standards, and restrictions on agency guidance documents.

Who Benefits

  • Regulated industries
  • Business groups
  • OIRA/OMB (expanded authority)

Who Bears Costs

  • Federal regulatory agencies
  • Public interest and environmental groups that depend on strong regulations
  • Consumers who benefit from regulatory protections

Key Policy Areas

{'domain': 'Government Operations', 'evidence': 'Amends APA Section 553 rulemaking procedures'}, {'domain': 'Regulatory Reform', 'evidence': 'Creates new categories of major rules with >100M annual economic effect'}, {'domain': 'Administrative Law', 'evidence': 'Changes judicial review standards under Section 706'}

Primary Purpose

Overhaul federal agency rulemaking under the Administrative Procedure Act by requiring cost-benefit analysis for major rules, OIRA review of all rules, enhanced public comment periods, mandatory advance notice for major rules, heightened judicial review standards, and restrictions on agency guidance documents.

Policy Domains

{'domain': 'Government Operations', 'evidence': 'Amends APA Section 553 rulemaking procedures'} {'domain': 'Regulatory Reform', 'evidence': 'Creates new categories of major rules with >100M annual economic effect'} {'domain': 'Administrative Law', 'evidence': 'Changes judicial review standards under Section 706'}

Legislative Strategy

"Comprehensive deregulatory reform making it procedurally harder and judicially riskier for agencies to issue new regulations, particularly major ones"

Legislative Progress

In Committee
Introduced Committee Passed
May 12, 2025

Mr. Lankford (for himself and Mr. Johnson) introduced the following …

May 12, 2025

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security …

May 12, 2025

Introduced in Senate

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Government
6 mentions across 4 clauses
+1 positive -4 negative ?1 uncertain

Federal judiciary, Federal regulatory agencies, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs

Positive-direction: Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs

Negative-direction: Federal judiciary, Federal regulatory agencies

Business Associations
3 mentions across 3 clauses
+3 positive

Regulated businesses and industries, Regulated industries, Regulated industries and trade associations

Nonprofits
1 mention across 1 clause
-1 negative

Environmental and consumer protection groups

6/8
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Government Operations Regulatory Reform
Actor Mappings
"the_administrator"
→ Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs
Domains
Administrative Law
Domains
Administrative Law Government Operations

Key Definitions

Terms defined in this bill

4 terms
"guidance" §2(15)

Agency statement of general applicability not intended to have force of law, setting forth policy or interpretation

"major guidance" §2(16)

Guidance likely to lead to annual economic effect, major increase in costs, or significant adverse competitive effects

"major rule" §2(17)

Rule likely to cause annual effect on economy of 100M+ or major increase in costs/prices or significant adverse competitive effects

"Administrator" §2(19)

Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology