SOIL Act of 2025
Analysis under review: This bill has generated analysis that may be too generic or incomplete. Clause-level evidence remains available below.
Summary
What This Bill Does
The bill requires expansion of CFIUS jurisdiction under the Defense Production Act to cover agricultural land acquisitions by nationals of nonmarket economy countries or countries identified as national security threats, requires expansion of CFIUS jurisdiction to cover real estate transactions within 50 miles of military installations by nationals of adversary nations, excluding residential property, and requires blanket prohibition on any federal agency providing subsidies or assistance for agricultural land wholly or partly owned by nationals of nonmarket economy or national-security-threat countries. It relies on compliance mandates, trade restrictions, definition changes, and reporting requirements. The main policy areas are Agriculture, Foreign Policy, Finance, and Defense.
Who Benefits and How
U.S. military installations could face reduced risk, U.S. domestic farmers could face fewer barriers, and General public and policymakers would be affected.
Who Bears the Burden and How
Foreign-owned agricultural operations receiving federal subsidies could lose revenue opportunities, Foreign nationals from adversary nations near military bases could face higher barriers, and Foreign nationals from adversary nations acquiring U.S. farmland could face higher barriers.
Key Provisions
- Requires expansion of CFIUS jurisdiction under the Defense Production Act to cover agricultural land acquisitions by nationals of nonmarket economy countries or countries identified as national security threats...
- Requires expansion of CFIUS jurisdiction to cover real estate transactions within 50 miles of military installations by nationals of adversary nations, excluding residential property.
- Requires blanket prohibition on any federal agency providing subsidies or assistance for agricultural land wholly or partly owned by nationals of nonmarket economy or national-security-threat countries.
- Requires expansion of disclosure requirements under the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 to cover agricultural land leases longer than 5 years and to prevent Secretary from excluding land based on...
- Requires new annual public reporting requirement on foreign agricultural landholdings with country-by-country analysis on a state-by-state and county-by-county basis, with specific data requirements for China...
Evidence Chain:
This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.
At a Glance
What This Bill Does
The bill requires expansion of CFIUS jurisdiction under the Defense Production Act to cover agricultural land acquisitions by nationals of nonmarket economy countries or countries identified as national security threats, requires expansion of CFIUS jurisdiction to cover real estate transactions within 50 miles of military installations by nationals of adversary nations, excluding residential property, and requires blanket prohibition on any federal agency providing subsidies or assistance for agricultural land wholly or partly owned by nationals of nonmarket economy or national-security-threat countries.
Key Policy Areas
Agriculture, Foreign Policy, Finance, Defense
Primary Purpose
The bill requires expansion of CFIUS jurisdiction under the Defense Production Act to cover agricultural land acquisitions by nationals of nonmarket economy countries or countries identified as national security threats, requires expansion of CFIUS jurisdiction to cover real estate transactions within 50 miles of military installations by nationals of adversary nations, excluding residential property, and requires blanket prohibition on any federal agency providing subsidies or assistance for agricultural land wholly or partly owned by nationals of nonmarket economy or national-security-threat countries.
Policy Domains
CFIUS Jurisdiction Expansion (Sections 2-3)
Identified Gains
- U.S. military installations
- U.S. domestic farmers
- General public and policymakers
Identified Costs
- Foreign-owned agricultural operations receiving federal subsidies
- Foreign nationals from adversary nations near military bases
- Foreign nationals from adversary nations acquiring U.S. farmland
- Chinese-owned U.S. agricultural operations
- Chinese agricultural investors in the U.S.
Sponsors
Legislative Progress
In CommitteeMr. Lankford (for himself, Mr. Bennet, Mr. Risch, and Mr. …
Read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, …
Introduced in Senate
Stakeholder Effects
cui bono?How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.
Chinese agricultural investors in the U.S., Chinese and Russian agricultural investors, Chinese-owned U.S. agricultural operations
CFIUS, Federal agricultural subsidy programs, USDA Secretary
Foreign-owned agricultural operations receiving federal subsidies, Small-acreage foreign agricultural holdings, U.S. domestic agricultural landowners
Positive-direction: U.S. domestic agricultural landowners, U.S. domestic farmers
Negative-direction: Foreign-owned agricultural operations receiving federal subsidies, Small-acreage foreign agricultural holdings
Bill Structure & Actor Mappings
Who is "The Secretary" in each section?
- "cfius"
- → Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States
- "the_secretary"
- → Secretary of Agriculture
Key Definitions
Terms defined in this bill
We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.
Learn more about our methodology