HJRES10-119

In Committee

Proposing a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

119th Congress Introduced Jan 3, 2025

Summary

What This Bill Does

This joint resolution proposes a constitutional balanced-budget rule. If ratified by three-fourths of the states, Congress would have to keep total federal outlays within total receipts unless the amendment's exception process is satisfied. It also authorizes Congress to enforce and implement the article by legislation based on estimates of outlays and receipts. The real stakes are fiscal discipline, congressional budgeting power, federal program flexibility, and the risk that downturns or emergencies could require supermajority exceptions.

Who Benefits and How

Federal taxpayers benefit if the amendment restrains deficit spending and slows debt growth over time. Balanced-budget advocates benefit because the proposal would move their fiscal rule from statute or chamber rules into the Constitution. Congressional budget committees benefit from explicit authority to implement the amendment through estimating and enforcement legislation. Future lawmakers benefit from a clear constitutional framework for debating exceptions rather than relying only on ordinary budget rules.

Who Bears the Burden and How

Members of Congress must fit spending and revenue decisions inside a constitutional outlay limit unless an exception applies. Federal program beneficiaries may face funding pressure if Congress cuts spending to comply with the balanced-budget requirement. Federal agencies must operate under tighter budget constraints during years when receipts fall. State legislatures must decide whether to ratify a major change to federal fiscal power.

Key Provisions

  • Proposes a constitutional balanced-budget requirement for federal outlays and receipts.
  • Requires congressional implementation legislation that may rely on budget estimates.
  • Limits ordinary deficit spending unless the amendment's exception process is satisfied.
  • Shifts fiscal enforcement from ordinary budget rules to constitutional law if ratified.

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

Proposes a balanced budget amendment requiring federal outlays not to exceed receipts unless Congress authorizes exceptions and implements the rule by legislation.

Key Policy Areas

Budget, Constitutional Amendment

Primary Purpose

Proposes a balanced budget amendment requiring federal outlays not to exceed receipts unless Congress authorizes exceptions and implements the rule by legislation.

Policy Domains

Budget Constitutional Amendment

Resolution provisions

Identified Gains
  • Federal taxpayers
  • Balanced-budget advocacy organizations
  • Congressional budget committees
  • Future lawmakers
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: ih
Future lawmakers:
Federal taxpayers:
Congressional budget committees:
Balanced-budget advocacy organizations:
Identified Costs
  • Members of Congress
  • Federal program beneficiaries
  • Federal agencies
  • State legislatures
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: ih
Federal agencies:
State legislatures:
Members of Congress:
Federal program beneficiaries:

Legislative Progress

In Committee
Introduced Committee Passed
Jan 3, 2025

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Jan 3, 2025

Introduced in House

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Government
4 mentions across 2 clauses
-2 negative ?2 uncertain

Congressional budget committees, State legislatures

Taxpayers
2 mentions across 2 clauses
+2 positive

Taxpayers

Social Welfare
2 mentions across 2 clauses
-2 negative

Federal program beneficiaries

2/9
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Budget Constitutional Amendment

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology