S860-119

Introduced

BUST FENTANYL Act

119th Congress Introduced Mar 5, 2025

Legislative Progress

Introduced
Introduced Committee Passed
Apr 28, 2025

Reported by Mr. Risch, without amendment

Mar 5, 2025

Mr. Risch (for himself, Mrs. Shaheen, Mr. Hagerty, and Mr. …

Mar 5, 2025

Mr. Risch (for himself and Mrs. Shaheen) introduced the following …

Summary

What This Bill Does

The BUST FENTANYL Act targets the flow of fentanyl and methamphetamine into the United States by expanding sanctions authority against foreign actors involved in drug trafficking, with a particular focus on China. The bill requires detailed reports on China's role in the opioid crisis, mandates prioritization of Chinese entities in sanctions lists, and authorizes the President to impose sanctions on foreign government agencies and state-owned banks that facilitate opioid trafficking.

Who Benefits and How

  • U.S. Law Enforcement Agencies (DEA, FBI) gain expanded tools and reporting requirements that increase their mandate and resources for tracking international drug networks
  • State Department and Treasury Department receive expanded authority to impose sanctions and gather intelligence on foreign drug trafficking operations
  • Sanctions Compliance Firms benefit from increased demand for services as more entities face potential sanctions
  • U.S. Pharmaceutical Manufacturers may benefit indirectly from reduced illegal competition as foreign fentanyl producers face stricter penalties
  • Congressional Oversight Committees receive comprehensive reports on China's role in fentanyl trafficking and international cooperation efforts

Who Bears the Burden and How

  • Chinese Pharmaceutical and Chemical Companies face heightened sanctions risk and increased scrutiny for any involvement in producing or exporting fentanyl precursors, pre-precursors, or manufacturing equipment to Mexico
  • Chinese Financial Institutions risk sanctions if they process transactions related to narcotics money laundering or provide services to trafficking organizations
  • State-Owned Banks in China and Other Countries can be sanctioned if they facilitate significant opioid trafficking activities, potentially losing access to U.S. financial systems
  • Senior Foreign Officials in governments supporting opioid trafficking face personal sanctions including visa restrictions
  • Mexican and Indian Chemical Manufacturers producing precursor chemicals face increased reporting requirements and potential sanctions
  • U.S. Government Agencies (State Department, DOJ) must produce comprehensive reports within 180 days and annually, requiring significant research and diplomatic resources

Key Provisions

  • Extends mandatory prioritization of Chinese persons in fentanyl sanctions reporting until December 31, 2030, or until China is no longer the primary source of fentanyl precursors to Mexico
  • Authorizes the President to sanction foreign government agencies, political subdivisions, and state-owned financial institutions that engage in or support opioid trafficking, as well as senior officials who facilitate such activities
  • Expands the Fentanyl Sanctions Act to cover anyone who receives proceeds from opioid trafficking, provides material or financial support to traffickers, or is owned/controlled by sanctioned entities
  • Requires Secretary of State and Attorney General to submit a comprehensive report within 180 days assessing China's cooperation in combating fentanyl trafficking, the role of PRC financial institutions in money laundering, and the effectiveness of multilateral efforts like the Global Coalition to Address Synthetic Drug Threats
  • Changes the deadline for the annual International Narcotics Control Strategy Report from March 1 to June 1 and modifies methamphetamine reporting to identify source countries and describe their governmental anti-trafficking efforts
Model: claude-sonnet-4.5
Generated: Dec 25, 2025 16:21

Evidence Chain:

This summary is derived from the structured analysis below. See "Detailed Analysis" for per-title beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

Primary Purpose

Combat fentanyl trafficking into the United States by expanding sanctions authority, requiring reports on China's role in the opioid crisis, and mandating studies on methamphetamine production

Policy Domains

Foreign Policy Drug Enforcement International Trade National Security Criminal Justice

Legislative Strategy

"Strengthen U.S. government authority to sanction foreign entities involved in fentanyl trafficking, with particular focus on China, while expanding reporting requirements to track international cooperation and precursor chemical supply chains"

Likely Beneficiaries

  • Law enforcement agencies (DEA, FBI)
  • State Department and diplomatic corps
  • Treasury Department (sanctions enforcement)
  • Congressional oversight committees
  • U.S. pharmaceutical manufacturers (through reduced illegal competition)
  • Banking compliance firms (increased sanctions work)

Likely Burden Bearers

  • Chinese pharmaceutical companies and chemical manufacturers
  • Chinese financial institutions and money transfer services
  • Foreign government agencies facilitating opioid trafficking
  • Mexican cartels and their supply chains
  • Indian chemical precursor manufacturers
  • Pharmaceutical companies in countries identified as fentanyl sources
  • Senior officials of foreign agencies involved in trafficking

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Legislative Procedure
Domains
Drug Enforcement Foreign Policy
Actor Mappings
"the_report"
→ Annual International Narcotics Control Strategy Report required by Foreign Assistance Act of 1961
Domains
Foreign Policy Drug Enforcement International Relations
Actor Mappings
"the_dea"
→ Drug Enforcement Administration
"the_prc"
→ People's Republic of China
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of State
"the_attorney_general"
→ Attorney General
"appropriate_committees"
→ Senate Judiciary, Senate Foreign Relations, House Judiciary, House Foreign Affairs committees
Domains
Foreign Policy Economic Sanctions Drug Enforcement
Actor Mappings
"the_president"
→ President of the United States
"appropriate_congressional_committees"
→ Relevant congressional oversight committees
Domains
Economic Sanctions Foreign Policy Drug Enforcement
Actor Mappings
"the_president"
→ President of the United States
Domains
Economic Sanctions Foreign Policy Drug Enforcement International Banking
Actor Mappings
"the_president"
→ President of the United States
Domains
Drug Enforcement Foreign Policy Border Security

Key Definitions

Terms defined in this bill

5 terms
"opioid trafficking" §6(a)

Has the meaning given in section 7203 of the Fentanyl Sanctions Act (21 U.S.C. 2302)

"appropriate committees of Congress" §3(a)(1)

The Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives; and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives

"DEA" §3(a)(2)

Drug Enforcement Administration

"PRC" §3(a)(3)

People's Republic of China

"person of the People's Republic of China" §4(a)(2)(A)

An individual who is a citizen or national of the People's Republic of China; or an entity organized under the laws of the People's Republic of China or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of the Government of the People's Republic of China

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology