Critical Minerals Security Act of 2025
Summary
What This Bill Does
The Critical Minerals Security Act of 2025 directs the Secretary of the Interior, with Energy and other federal agencies, to report every two years on global critical mineral and rare earth element resources, including recycled materials. The reports must identify resources controlled by foreign entities of concern, resources controlled by the United States or allies, mine output and reserves, mine operators, beneficial owners, key mining entities, forced divestitures, and takeovers by covered nations.
Who Benefits and How
Congressional national-security staff benefit from a recurring unclassified supply-chain map with optional classified annexes. U.S. mining companies seeking to divest foreign critical-mineral holdings benefit from a process to notify Interior and receive help finding a buyer not controlled by a covered nation. Allied country mining agencies benefit from a required strategy to collaborate on advanced mining, refining, separation, processing, and recycling technologies and a method for sharing resulting intellectual property. U.S. battery, defense, and clean-energy manufacturers may benefit indirectly from better visibility into secure mineral supply sources.
Who Bears the Burden and How
Interior critical-minerals reporting staff bear the main burden of compiling global resource, mine, ownership, output, and divestiture information every two years. The Department of Energy and other agencies must support the reports and develop the technology-collaboration strategy. State and Commerce must help assess collaboration opportunities and forced divestiture cases. Foreign entities of concern and covered-nation state-backed mining firms face higher scrutiny because the report highlights ownership, control, access, and takeover activity.
Key Provisions
- Defines critical minerals, rare earth elements, covered nations, foreign entities of concern, and United States persons for the reporting regime.
- Requires biennial reports on global critical mineral and rare earth resources, including ownership, control, output, reserves, beneficial owners, and undeveloped resources.
- Requires lists of foreign entities of concern and U.S. or allied entities involved in critical-mineral and rare-earth mining.
- Requires tracking of forced divestitures and takeovers of mining, processing, or recycling operations by covered nations or covered-nation-influenced entities.
- Requires Interior to create a divestiture-assistance process and an allied strategy for advanced mining, refining, separation, processing, recycling, and intellectual-property sharing.
Evidence Chain:
This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.
At a Glance
What This Bill Does
Requires recurring federal mapping, reporting, divestiture assistance, and allied technology strategy work for global critical mineral and rare earth element supply chains.
Key Policy Areas
Mining, National Security, Energy, Trade
Primary Purpose
Requires recurring federal mapping, reporting, divestiture assistance, and allied technology strategy work for global critical mineral and rare earth element supply chains.
Policy Domains
Critical mineral and rare earth reporting and allied technology strategy
Identified Gains
- U.S. mining companies seeking divestiture assistance
- Allied country mining agencies
- U.S. battery manufacturers using critical minerals
- U.S. defense manufacturers using rare earth elements
- Congressional national-security oversight staff
Identified Costs
- Interior Department critical-minerals reporting staff
- Energy Department minerals-technology staff
- Commerce Department critical-minerals analysts
- Covered-nation state-backed mining firms
Sponsors
Legislative Progress
ReportedCommittee on Energy and Natural Resources. Ordered to be reported …
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Hearings held. Hearings printed: …
Mr. Cornyn (for himself, Mr. Warner, Mr. Young, Mr. Hickenlooper, …
Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and …
Introduced in Senate
Stakeholder Effects
cui bono?How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.
Allied country mining agencies, Interior Department critical-minerals reporting staff
Positive-direction: Allied country mining agencies
Negative-direction: Interior Department critical-minerals reporting staff
Covered-nation state-backed mining firms, U.S. mining companies seeking divestiture assistance
Positive-direction: U.S. mining companies seeking divestiture assistance
Negative-direction: Covered-nation state-backed mining firms
Bill Structure & Actor Mappings
Who is "The Secretary" in each section?
- "secretary"
- → Secretary of the Interior
- "secretary_of_state"
- → Secretary of State
- "secretary_of_energy"
- → Secretary of Energy
- "united_states_person"
- → U.S. citizen, lawful permanent resident, or U.S.-organized entity
- "secretary_of_commerce"
- → Secretary of Commerce
Key Definitions
Terms defined in this bill
Cerium, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, lanthanum, lutetium, neodymium, praseodymium, promethium, samarium, scandium, terbium, thulium, ytterbium, and yttrium.
We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.
Learn more about our methodology