S40-119

Introduced

To address the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity of slavery in the United States and the 13 American colonies between 1619 and 1865 and to establish a commission to study and consider a national apology and proposal for reparations for the institution of slavery, its subsequent de jure and de facto racial and economic discrimination against African Americans, and the impact of these forces on living African Americans, to make recommendations to the Congress on appropriate remedies, and for other purposes.

119th Congress Introduced Jan 9, 2025

At a Glance

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Legislative Progress

Introduced
Introduced Committee Passed
Jan 9, 2025

Mr. Booker (for himself, Mr. Durbin, Mr. Blumenthal, Mr. Welch, …

Summary

What This Bill Does

This bill creates a 13-member federal commission to investigate the history and ongoing effects of slavery in the United States, from 1619 to 1865, and the discrimination that followed. The commission would study how slavery and subsequent policies like Jim Crow, redlining, and unequal education have harmed African Americans, and then recommend specific forms of reparations or compensation.

Who Benefits and How

African Americans, particularly descendants of enslaved people, are the primary intended beneficiaries. If the commission's recommendations are enacted, they could receive compensation, educational programs addressing the history and ongoing effects of slavery, or other forms of restitution. Civil society and reparations organizations that have advocated for reparatory justice would gain formal recognition, as six of the commission's 13 members would be selected from these groups.

Who Bears the Burden and How

Federal taxpayers would fund the commission's work, with $12 million authorized for its operation. If the commission recommends financial reparations, future taxpayers could face additional costs depending on what compensation programs Congress ultimately enacts. Federal agencies would be required to cooperate with the commission and provide requested information.

Key Provisions

  • Establishes a 13-member commission with appointments from the President, Congress, and civil society organizations focused on reparatory justice
  • The commission has one year to investigate slavery's legacy, including the roles of federal, state, and private institutions
  • Must examine ongoing effects including the racial wealth gap (African Americans having less than 1/16th the wealth of White families), incarceration rates, and unemployment disparities
  • Must recommend specific remedies including how compensation would be calculated, who would be eligible, and what form it would take
  • Authorizes $12 million in funding and gives the commission subpoena power to compel testimony and documents
Model: claude-opus-4
Generated: Dec 27, 2025 21:54

Evidence Chain:

This summary is derived from the structured analysis below. See "Detailed Analysis" for per-title beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

Primary Purpose

Establishes a commission to study the impact of slavery in the US, propose reparations for African Americans, and address historical injustices.

Policy Domains

Civil_rights Education Justice Social_welfare

Key Definitions

Terms defined in this bill

8 terms
"Short Title" §SECTION_H0A688DF1C688430591D702354128B508

The Act is titled the Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act.

"Powers" §SECTION_H0FE9941D4D844544AA00616E97AF2750

The Commission can hold hearings, request information from government agencies, and invoke the aid of US district courts.

"Membership" §SECTION_H1A55284F6ECC48D4B738C8B724DBA627

The Commission will have 13 members appointed by the President, Speaker of the House, and civil society organizations.

"Termination" §SECTION_H471793F3F71F445DB6C1652875683D7B

The Commission will terminate 90 days after submitting its report to Congress.

"Administration" §SECTION_H4B0DF1C5DA1D4FE692DA6685AFD14759

The Commission can appoint personnel, procure services and supplies, and enter into agreements for research and reports.

"Funding" §SECTION_HBF2889E8A4494B159731929E95F00FBE

$12,000,000 is authorized for the Commission's work.

"Findings" §SECTION_HC52D996E875446909F409D7FF22428F3

The Congress acknowledges the history of slavery, its constitutional sanctioning by the US government, and ongoing discrimination against African Americans.

"Commission's Role" §SECTION_H7F8B6CA79225406490F00616E97AF2750

The Commission is tasked with studying the impact of slavery, recommending education and remedies, including compensation for descendants.

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

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