S3351-118

1. Short title; table of contents This Act may be cited as the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2023 or the FISA Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2023. The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

101. Extension of title VII of FISA Section 403(b) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008 is amended— in paragraph (1) (Public Law 110–261; 50 U.S.C. 1881 note)— by striking December 31, 2023 and inserting ‘December 31, 2035; and by striking and by the FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017 and inserting , the FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017, and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2023; and in paragraph (2) (Public Law 110–261; 18 U.S.C. 2511 note), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking December 31, 2023 and inserting December 31, 2035. Section 404(b) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008 is amended— in paragraph (1)— in the paragraph heading, by striking december 31, 2023 and inserting December 31, 2035; and by striking and by the FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017 and inserting , the FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017, and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2023; in paragraph (2), by striking and by the FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017 and inserting , the FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017, and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2023; and in paragraph (4), by striking and by the FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017 each place it appears and inserting , the FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017, and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2023.

102. Expanded protections for United States person queries Paragraph (2) of section 702(f) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1881a(f)) is amended to read as follows: Except as provided by subparagraph (B), the querying procedures adopted under paragraph (1) shall prohibit queries of information collected pursuant to an authorization under subsection (a) that are solely designed to find and extract evidence of criminal activity. The restriction under subparagraph (A) prohibiting certain queries of information collected pursuant to an authorization under subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to a query if— there is a reasonable belief that such query may retrieve information that could assist in mitigating or eliminating a threat to life or serious bodily harm; or such query is necessary to identify information that must be produced or preserved in connection with a litigation matter or to fulfill discovery obligations in criminal matters under the laws of the United States or any State thereof. (2)Prohibition of queries that are solely designed to find and extract evidence of a crime(A)ProhibitionExcept as provided by subparagraph (B), the querying procedures adopted under paragraph (1) shall prohibit queries of information collected pursuant to an authorization under subsection (a) that are solely designed to find and extract evidence of criminal activity. (B)ExceptionsThe restriction under subparagraph (A) prohibiting certain queries of information collected pursuant to an authorization under subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to a query if—(i)there is a reasonable belief that such query may retrieve information that could assist in mitigating or eliminating a threat to life or serious bodily harm; or(ii)such query is necessary to identify information that must be produced or preserved in connection with a litigation matter or to fulfill discovery obligations in criminal matters under the laws of the United States or any State thereof..

103. Federal Bureau of Investigation compliance requirements Section 702(f) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1881a(f)), as amended by section 102, is further amended— by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (5); and by inserting after paragraph (2) the following: For any procedures adopted under paragraph (1) for the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, shall also ensure that the procedures— prohibit personnel of the Bureau from conducting any query, unless such personnel successfully complete relevant training; require that all systems of the Bureau that store unminimized contents or noncontents obtained through acquisitions authorized under subsection (a) together with contents or noncontents obtained through other lawful means must— be configured such that personnel of the Bureau must affirmatively opt-in in order to include such unminimized contents or noncontents obtained through acquisitions authorized under subsection (a) when running a query; or contain other controls reasonably expected to prevent inadvertent queries of unminimized contents or noncontents obtained through acquisitions authorized under subsection (a); require prior approval from an attorney of the Bureau for any query using the Bureau’s batch job technology or a successor tool, absent exigent circumstances; require prior approval, absent exigent circumstances, from the Director of the Bureau, the Deputy Director of the Bureau, or the Executive Assistant Director for the National Security Branch of the Bureau, in coordination with the General Counsel of the Bureau or an attorney designated by the General Counsel to provide appropriate legal review, for any query term reasonably believed to identify— a United States elected official; an appointee of the President or a State Governor; a United States political candidate; a United States political organization or an individual prominent in such organization; a United States news media or a member of a United States news media; or a United States religious organization or an individual prominent in such organization; and require that, prior to conducting a query using a United States person query term, personnel of the Bureau provide a written statement of the specific factual basis to believe that such query meets the standard required by the procedures adopted under paragraph (1). The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall develop a technical procedure whereby a record is kept of each written statement provided pursuant to subparagraph (A)(v). If the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court finds that the procedures adopted under paragraph (1) for the Federal Bureau of Investigation include measures that are reasonably expected to result in similar compliance outcomes as the measures specified in clauses (i) through (v) of subparagraph (A), the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court may waive one or more of the requirements specified in such clauses. The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall adopt accountability procedures which shall be reasonably designed to ensure investigation, consequences, and disciplinary action, where appropriate, for query compliance incidents. The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall— provide the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives the procedures adopted in accordance with subparagraph (A); and promptly provide to such committees notice whenever any material change is made to the procedures adopted in accordance with subparagraph (A). (3)Requirements relating to Federal Bureau of Investigation(A)In generalFor any procedures adopted under paragraph (1) for the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, shall also ensure that the procedures—(i)prohibit personnel of the Bureau from conducting any query, unless such personnel successfully complete relevant training;(ii)require that all systems of the Bureau that store unminimized contents or noncontents obtained through acquisitions authorized under subsection (a) together with contents or noncontents obtained through other lawful means must—(I)be configured such that personnel of the Bureau must affirmatively opt-in in order to include such unminimized contents or noncontents obtained through acquisitions authorized under subsection (a) when running a query; or(II)contain other controls reasonably expected to prevent inadvertent queries of unminimized contents or noncontents obtained through acquisitions authorized under subsection (a);(iii)require prior approval from an attorney of the Bureau for any query using the Bureau’s batch job technology or a successor tool, absent exigent circumstances;(iv)require prior approval, absent exigent circumstances, from the Director of the Bureau, the Deputy Director of the Bureau, or the Executive Assistant Director for the National Security Branch of the Bureau, in coordination with the General Counsel of the Bureau or an attorney designated by the General Counsel to provide appropriate legal review, for any query term reasonably believed to identify—(I)a United States elected official;(II)an appointee of the President or a State Governor;(III)a United States political candidate;(IV)a United States political organization or an individual prominent in such organization;(V)a United States news media or a member of a United States news media; or(VI)a United States religious organization or an individual prominent in such organization; and(v)require that, prior to conducting a query using a United States person query term, personnel of the Bureau provide a written statement of the specific factual basis to believe that such query meets the standard required by the procedures adopted under paragraph (1).(B)Record of written statementsThe Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall develop a technical procedure whereby a record is kept of each written statement provided pursuant to subparagraph (A)(v).(C)Waiver authority for Foreign Intelligence Surveillance CourtIf the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court finds that the procedures adopted under paragraph (1) for the Federal Bureau of Investigation include measures that are reasonably expected to result in similar compliance outcomes as the measures specified in clauses (i) through (v) of subparagraph (A), the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court may waive one or more of the requirements specified in such clauses.(4)Accountability procedures for Federal Bureau of Investigation(A)In generalThe Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall adopt accountability procedures which shall be reasonably designed to ensure investigation, consequences, and disciplinary action, where appropriate, for query compliance incidents.(B)Requirement to provide notification of material changesThe Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall—(i)provide the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives the procedures adopted in accordance with subparagraph (A); and(ii)promptly provide to such committees notice whenever any material change is made to the procedures adopted in accordance with subparagraph (A)..

104. Additional reporting regarding the FBI's use of section 702 of FISA Section 603 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1873) is amended by— in subsection (b)(2)(B), inserting (or combination of unminimized contents and noncontents information) after unminimized contents; in subsection (d)(2), by striking to certain information and all that follows through Electronic mail address and telephone numbers and inserting to electronic mail address and telephone numbers; redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and inserting after subsection (d) the following: Each year, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall submit to the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives an annual report that includes— the number of United States person queries by the Federal Bureau of Investigation of unminimized contents or noncontents acquired pursuant to section 702(a); the number of approved queries using the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s batch job technology, or successor tool; the number of queries using the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s batch job technology, or successor tool, conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation against information acquired pursuant to section 702(a) for which pre-approval was not obtained due to emergency circumstances; the number of United States person queries conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation of unminimized contents or noncontents acquired pursuant to section 702(a) solely to retrieve evidence of a crime; a good faith estimate of the number of United States person query terms used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation to conduct queries of unminimized contents or noncontents acquired pursuant to section 702(a) primarily to protect the United States person who is the subject of the query; and a good faith estimate of the number of United States person query terms used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation to conduct queries of unminimized contents or noncontents acquired pursuant to section 702(a) where the United States person who is the subject of the query is a target or subject of an investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Subject to declassification review by the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence, each annual report submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be available to the public during the first April following the calendar year covered by the report. The amendments made by this section shall take effect on January 1, 2025. (e)Mandatory reporting by Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation(1)Annual reportEach year, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall submit to the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives an annual report that includes—(A)the number of United States person queries by the Federal Bureau of Investigation of unminimized contents or noncontents acquired pursuant to section 702(a);(B)the number of approved queries using the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s batch job technology, or successor tool;(C)the number of queries using the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s batch job technology, or successor tool, conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation against information acquired pursuant to section 702(a) for which pre-approval was not obtained due to emergency circumstances; (D)the number of United States person queries conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation of unminimized contents or noncontents acquired pursuant to section 702(a) solely to retrieve evidence of a crime; (E)a good faith estimate of the number of United States person query terms used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation to conduct queries of unminimized contents or noncontents acquired pursuant to section 702(a) primarily to protect the United States person who is the subject of the query; and(F)a good faith estimate of the number of United States person query terms used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation to conduct queries of unminimized contents or noncontents acquired pursuant to section 702(a) where the United States person who is the subject of the query is a target or subject of an investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2)Public availabilitySubject to declassification review by the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence, each annual report submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be available to the public during the first April following the calendar year covered by the report..

105. Increased oversight of activities involving Members of Congress Section 702(f) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1881a(f)(1)), as amended by sections 102 and 103, is further amended— by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (6); and by inserting after subparagraph (4), the following: If the Federal Bureau of Investigation knowingly conducts 1 or more queries using query terms reasonably likely to identify 1 or more specific individuals who are Members of Congress, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall promptly notify each Member of Congress specified in subparagraph (B), as well as each Member who is the subject of the query, of such query. The Members of Congress specified in this clause are the following: The chairperson and ranking Member of each of the following: The Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate. The Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate. The Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives. The Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives. The majority leader of the Senate. The minority leader of the Senate. The Speaker of the House of Representatives. The minority leader of the House of Representatives. In submitting a notification under subparagraph (A), the Director shall give due regard to the protection of classified information, sources and methods, and national security. The Director may waive a notification required under subparagraph (A) if the Director determines such notification would impede an ongoing national security or law enforcement investigation. A waiver under clause (i) shall terminate on the earliest of— the date the Director determines the relevant notification would not impede the relevant national security or law enforcement investigation; or the date that such investigation ends. (5)Additional notification requirement for certain Federal Bureau of Investigation queries(A)In generalIf the Federal Bureau of Investigation knowingly conducts 1 or more queries using query terms reasonably likely to identify 1 or more specific individuals who are Members of Congress, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall promptly notify each Member of Congress specified in subparagraph (B), as well as each Member who is the subject of the query, of such query.(B)Members specifiedThe Members of Congress specified in this clause are the following:(i)The chairperson and ranking Member of each of the following:(I)The Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.(II)The Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate.(III)The Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.(IV)The Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.(ii)The majority leader of the Senate.(iii)The minority leader of the Senate. (iv)The Speaker of the House of Representatives.(v)The minority leader of the House of Representatives. (C)National security considerationsIn submitting a notification under subparagraph (A), the Director shall give due regard to the protection of classified information, sources and methods, and national security. (D)Waiver(i)In generalThe Director may waive a notification required under subparagraph (A) if the Director determines such notification would impede an ongoing national security or law enforcement investigation.(ii)TerminationA waiver under clause (i) shall terminate on the earliest of—(I)the date the Director determines the relevant notification would not impede the relevant national security or law enforcement investigation; or(II)the date that such investigation ends..

106. Exception for consensual queries Section 702(f)(1) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1881a(f)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the following: The query standard set forth in the procedures adopted pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall include an exception for cases in which the subject of the query, or a third party authorized to consent on behalf of the subject, has provided consent for the query. (D)Consensual queriesThe query standard set forth in the procedures adopted pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall include an exception for cases in which the subject of the query, or a third party authorized to consent on behalf of the subject, has provided consent for the query..

107. Procedures to enable travel vetting of non-United States persons Section 702(f) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1881a(f)), as amended by section 105, is further amended— by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (7); and by inserting after subparagraph (5) the following: For any procedures adopted under paragraph (1)(A), the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, shall ensure that the procedures enable the vetting of non-United States persons who are being processed for travel to the United States using terms that do not qualify as United States person query terms under this Act. (6)Travel vetting of non-United States personsFor any procedures adopted under paragraph (1)(A), the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, shall ensure that the procedures enable the vetting of non-United States persons who are being processed for travel to the United States using terms that do not qualify as United States person query terms under this Act..

201. Certifications regarding accuracy of FISA applications Subsection (a) of section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) is amended— in paragraph (8), by striking ; and and inserting a semicolon; in paragraph (9), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and; and by adding at the end the following: a certification by the applicant or declarant that, to the best knowledge of the applicant or declarant, the attorney for the Government and the Department of Justice has been apprised of all information that might reasonably— call into question the accuracy of the application or the reasonableness of any assessment in the application conducted by the department or agency on whose behalf the application is made; or otherwise raise doubts with respect to the findings required under section 105(a). Subsection (a) of section 303 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1823) is amended— in paragraph (7), by striking ; and and inserting a semicolon; in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and; and by adding at the end the following: a certification by the applicant that, to the best knowledge of the applicant, the attorney for the Government and the Department of Justice has been apprised of all information that might reasonably— call into question the accuracy of the application or the reasonableness of any assessment in the application conducted by the department or agency on whose behalf the application is made; or otherwise raise doubts with respect to the findings required under section 304(a). Subsection (c) of section 402 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1842) is amended— in paragraph (2), by striking ; and and inserting a semicolon; in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and; and by adding at the end the following: a certification by the Federal officer seeking to use the pen register or trap and trace device covered by the application that, to the best knowledge of the Federal officer, the attorney for the Government and the Department of Justice has been apprised of all information that might reasonably— call into question the accuracy of the application or the reasonableness of any assessment in the application conducted by the department or agency on whose behalf the application is made; or otherwise raise doubts with respect to the findings required under subsection (d). Subsection (b) of section 502 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1862) is amended— in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ; and and inserting a semicolon; in paragraph (2)(B), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and; and by adding at the end the following: shall include a statement by the applicant that, to the best knowledge of the applicant, the application fairly reflects all information that might reasonably— call into question the accuracy of the application or the reasonableness of any assessment in the application conducted by the department or agency on whose behalf the application is made; or otherwise raise doubts with respect to the findings required under subsection (c). Subsection (b)(1) of section 703 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1881b) is amended— in subparagraph (I), by striking ; and and inserting a semicolon; in subparagraph (J), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and; and by adding at the end the following: a certification by the applicant that, to the best knowledge of the applicant, the attorney for the Government and the Department of Justice has been apprised of all information that might reasonably— call into question the accuracy of the application or the reasonableness of any assessment in the application conducted by the department or agency on whose behalf the application is made; or otherwise raise doubts with respect to the findings required under subsection (c). Subsection (b) of section 704 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1881c) is amended— in paragraph (6), by striking ; and and inserting a semicolon; in paragraph (7), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and; and by adding at the end the following new paragraph: a certification by the applicant that, to the best knowledge of the applicant, the attorney for the Government and the Department of Justice has been apprised of all information that might reasonably— call into question the accuracy of the application or the reasonableness of any assessment in the application conducted by the department or agency on whose behalf the application is made; or otherwise raise doubts with respect to the findings required under subsection (c). Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, shall issue procedures governing the review of case files, as appropriate, to ensure that applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court under title I or III of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) that target United States persons are accurate and complete. (10)a certification by the applicant or declarant that, to the best knowledge of the applicant or declarant, the attorney for the Government and the Department of Justice has been apprised of all information that might reasonably—(A)call into question the accuracy of the application or the reasonableness of any assessment in the application conducted by the department or agency on whose behalf the application is made; or(B)otherwise raise doubts with respect to the findings required under section 105(a).. (9)a certification by the applicant that, to the best knowledge of the applicant, the attorney for the Government and the Department of Justice has been apprised of all information that might reasonably—(A)call into question the accuracy of the application or the reasonableness of any assessment in the application conducted by the department or agency on whose behalf the application is made; or(B)otherwise raise doubts with respect to the findings required under section 304(a).. (4)a certification by the Federal officer seeking to use the pen register or trap and trace device covered by the application that, to the best knowledge of the Federal officer, the attorney for the Government and the Department of Justice has been apprised of all information that might reasonably—(A)call into question the accuracy of the application or the reasonableness of any assessment in the application conducted by the department or agency on whose behalf the application is made; or(B)otherwise raise doubts with respect to the findings required under subsection (d).. (3)shall include a statement by the applicant that, to the best knowledge of the applicant, the application fairly reflects all information that might reasonably—(A)call into question the accuracy of the application or the reasonableness of any assessment in the application conducted by the department or agency on whose behalf the application is made; or(B)otherwise raise doubts with respect to the findings required under subsection (c).. (K)a certification by the applicant that, to the best knowledge of the applicant, the attorney for the Government and the Department of Justice has been apprised of all information that might reasonably—(i)call into question the accuracy of the application or the reasonableness of any assessment in the application conducted by the department or agency on whose behalf the application is made; or(ii)otherwise raise doubts with respect to the findings required under subsection (c).. (8)a certification by the applicant that, to the best knowledge of the applicant, the attorney for the Government and the Department of Justice has been apprised of all information that might reasonably—(A)call into question the accuracy of the application or the reasonableness of any assessment in the application conducted by the department or agency on whose behalf the application is made; or(B)otherwise raise doubts with respect to the findings required under subsection (c)..

202. Submission of court transcripts to Congress Section 601(c) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1871(c)) is amended— in paragraph (1), by striking ; and and inserting a semicolon; in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and; and by adding at the end the following new paragraph: for any matter at which a court reporter is present and creates a transcript of a hearing or oral argument before the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review, a copy of each such transcript not later than 45 days after the government's receipt of the transcript or the date on which the matter concerning such hearing or oral argument is resolved, whichever is later. (3)for any matter at which a court reporter is present and creates a transcript of a hearing or oral argument before the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review, a copy of each such transcript not later than 45 days after the government's receipt of the transcript or the date on which the matter concerning such hearing or oral argument is resolved, whichever is later..

203. Enhanced authorities for amicus curiae Section 103(i)(2) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803(i)(2)) is amended— by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the following: shall appoint 1 or more individuals who have been designated under paragraph (1), not less than 1 of whom possesses privacy and civil liberties expertise, unless the court finds that such a qualification is inappropriate, to serve as amicus curiae to assist the court in the consideration of any application or motion for an order or review that, in the opinion of the court— presents a novel or significant interpretation of the law, unless the court issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate; presents exceptional concerns with respect to the activities of a United States person that are protected by the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States, unless the court issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate; targets a United States person and presents or involves a sensitive investigative matter, unless— the matter represents an immediate danger to human life; and the court issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate; targets a United States person and presents a request for approval of a new programmatic surveillance or reauthorization of it, unless the court issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate; or targets a United States person and otherwise presents novel or exceptional civil liberties issues, unless the court issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate; and in subparagraph (B), by striking an individual or organization each place the term appears and inserting one or more individuals or organizations. Subsection (i) of section 103 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1803) is amended by adding at the end the following: In this subsection, the term sensitive investigative matter means— an investigative matter that targets a United States person who is— a United States elected official; an appointee of the President or a State Governor; a United States political candidate; a United States political organization or an individual prominent in such organization; a United States news media or member of a United States news media; or a United States religious organization or an individual prominent in such organization; or any other investigative matter involving a domestic entity or a known or presumed United States person that, in the judgment of the applicable court established under subsection (a) or (b), is as sensitive as an investigative matter described in subparagraph (A). Subsection (i) of such section (50 U.S.C. 1803), as amended by subsection (a) of this section, is amended— in paragraph (4)— in the paragraph heading, by inserting ; authority after Duties; by redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) as clauses (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively, and adjusting the margins accordingly; in the matter preceding clause (i), as so designated, by striking the amicus curiae shall and inserting the following: the amicus curiae— shall in subparagraph (A)(i), as so designated, by inserting before the semicolon at the end the following: , including legal arguments regarding any privacy or civil liberties interest of any United States person that would be significantly impacted by the application or motion; and by striking the period at the end and inserting the following: ; and may seek leave to raise any novel or significant privacy or civil liberties issue relevant to the application or motion or other issue directly impacting the legality of the proposed electronic surveillance with the court, regardless of whether the court has requested assistance on that issue. by redesignating paragraphs (7) through (12) as paragraphs (8) through (13), respectively; and by inserting after paragraph (6) the following: Following issuance of a final order under this Act by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court in a matter in which an amicus curiae was appointed under paragraph (2), that amicus curiae may petition the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to certify for review to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review a question of law pursuant to subsection (j). If the court denies such petition, the court shall provide for the record a written statement of the reasons for such denial. Upon certification of any question of law pursuant to this subparagraph, the Court of Review shall appoint the amicus curiae to assist the Court of Review in its consideration of the certified question, unless the Court of Review issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate. An amicus curiae appointed under paragraph (2) may petition the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review to certify for review to the Supreme Court of the United States any question of law pursuant to section 1254(2) of title 28, United States Code, in the matter in which that amicus curiae was appointed. For purposes of section 602, if the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review denies a petition filed under subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph, that petition and all of its content shall be considered a decision, order, or opinion issued by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review described in paragraph (2) of section 602(a). Subparagraph (A) of section 103(i)(6) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1803(i)(6)) is amended to read as follows: If a court established under subsection (a) or (b) appoints an amicus curiae under paragraph (2), the amicus curiae— shall have access to, to the extent such information is available to the Government and the court established under subsection (a) or (b) determines it is necessary to fulfill the duties of the amicus curiae— the application, certification, petition, motion, and other information and supporting materials submitted to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court in connection with the matter in which the amicus curiae has been appointed, including access to any relevant legal precedent (including any such precedent that is cited by the Government, including in such an application); a copy of each relevant decision made by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review in which the court decides a question of law, without regard to whether the decision is classified; and any other information or materials that the court determines are relevant to the duties of the amicus curiae; and may make a submission to the court requesting access to any other particular materials or information (or category of materials or information) that the amicus curiae believes to be relevant to the duties of the amicus curiae. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, upon the motion of an amicus curiae appointed under paragraph (2) or upon its own motion, may require the Government to make available the supporting documentation if the court determines the information is relevant to the duties of the amicus curiae. Such section is further amended by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following: An amicus curiae appointed by the court shall have access, to the extent such information is available to the Government and the court determines such information is relevant to the duties of the amicus curiae in the matter in which the amicus curiae was appointed, to copies of each opinion, order, transcript, pleading, or other document of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review, including, if the individual is eligible for access to classified information, any classified documents, information, and other materials or proceedings, but only to the extent consistent with the national security of the United States. Such section is further amended— by redesignating subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) as subparagraphs (C), (D), and (E), respectively; and by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following new subparagraph: If the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review determines that it is relevant to the duties of an amicus curiae appointed by the court under paragraph (2), the amicus curiae may consult with 1 or more of the other individuals designated by the court to serve as amicus curiae pursuant to paragraph (1) regarding any of the information relevant to any assigned proceeding. Paragraph (1) of section 103(i) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1803(i)) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: An individual may serve as an amicus curiae for a 5-year term, and the presiding judges may, for good cause, jointly reappoint the individual to a single additional term.. The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to the service of an amicus curiae appointed under section 103(i) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1803(i)) that occurs on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, regardless of the date on which the amicus curiae is appointed. (A)shall appoint 1 or more individuals who have been designated under paragraph (1), not less than 1 of whom possesses privacy and civil liberties expertise, unless the court finds that such a qualification is inappropriate, to serve as amicus curiae to assist the court in the consideration of any application or motion for an order or review that, in the opinion of the court—(i)presents a novel or significant interpretation of the law, unless the court issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate;(ii)presents exceptional concerns with respect to the activities of a United States person that are protected by the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States, unless the court issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate;(iii)targets a United States person and presents or involves a sensitive investigative matter, unless—(I)the matter represents an immediate danger to human life; and(II)the court issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate;(iv)targets a United States person and presents a request for approval of a new programmatic surveillance or reauthorization of it, unless the court issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate; or(v)targets a United States person and otherwise presents novel or exceptional civil liberties issues, unless the court issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate; and; and (12)Definition of sensitive investigative matterIn this subsection, the term sensitive investigative matter means—(A)an investigative matter that targets a United States person who is—(i)a United States elected official; (ii)an appointee of the President or a State Governor;(iii)a United States political candidate;(iv)a United States political organization or an individual prominent in such organization;(v)a United States news media or member of a United States news media; or(vi)a United States religious organization or an individual prominent in such organization; or (B)any other investigative matter involving a domestic entity or a known or presumed United States person that, in the judgment of the applicable court established under subsection (a) or (b), is as sensitive as an investigative matter described in subparagraph (A).. the amicus curiae—(A)shall; ; and(B)may seek leave to raise any novel or significant privacy or civil liberties issue relevant to the application or motion or other issue directly impacting the legality of the proposed electronic surveillance with the court, regardless of whether the court has requested assistance on that issue.; (7)Authority to seek review of decisions(A)FISA Court decisionsFollowing issuance of a final order under this Act by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court in a matter in which an amicus curiae was appointed under paragraph (2), that amicus curiae may petition the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to certify for review to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review a question of law pursuant to subsection (j). If the court denies such petition, the court shall provide for the record a written statement of the reasons for such denial. Upon certification of any question of law pursuant to this subparagraph, the Court of Review shall appoint the amicus curiae to assist the Court of Review in its consideration of the certified question, unless the Court of Review issues a finding that such appointment is not appropriate. (B)FISA Court of Review decisionsAn amicus curiae appointed under paragraph (2) may petition the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review to certify for review to the Supreme Court of the United States any question of law pursuant to section 1254(2) of title 28, United States Code, in the matter in which that amicus curiae was appointed.(C)Declassification of referralsFor purposes of section 602, if the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review denies a petition filed under subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph, that petition and all of its content shall be considered a decision, order, or opinion issued by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review described in paragraph (2) of section 602(a).. (A)In general(i)Right of amicusIf a court established under subsection (a) or (b) appoints an amicus curiae under paragraph (2), the amicus curiae—(I)shall have access to, to the extent such information is available to the Government and the court established under subsection (a) or (b) determines it is necessary to fulfill the duties of the amicus curiae—(aa)the application, certification, petition, motion, and other information and supporting materials submitted to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court in connection with the matter in which the amicus curiae has been appointed, including access to any relevant legal precedent (including any such precedent that is cited by the Government, including in such an application);(bb)a copy of each relevant decision made by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review in which the court decides a question of law, without regard to whether the decision is classified; and(cc)any other information or materials that the court determines are relevant to the duties of the amicus curiae; and(II)may make a submission to the court requesting access to any other particular materials or information (or category of materials or information) that the amicus curiae believes to be relevant to the duties of the amicus curiae.(ii)Supporting documentation regarding accuracyThe Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, upon the motion of an amicus curiae appointed under paragraph (2) or upon its own motion, may require the Government to make available the supporting documentation if the court determines the information is relevant to the duties of the amicus curiae.. (C)Classified informationAn amicus curiae appointed by the court shall have access, to the extent such information is available to the Government and the court determines such information is relevant to the duties of the amicus curiae in the matter in which the amicus curiae was appointed, to copies of each opinion, order, transcript, pleading, or other document of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review, including, if the individual is eligible for access to classified information, any classified documents, information, and other materials or proceedings, but only to the extent consistent with the national security of the United States.. (B)ConsultationIf the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review determines that it is relevant to the duties of an amicus curiae appointed by the court under paragraph (2), the amicus curiae may consult with 1 or more of the other individuals designated by the court to serve as amicus curiae pursuant to paragraph (1) regarding any of the information relevant to any assigned proceeding..

204. Prohibition on use of politically derived information in applications for certain orders by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court Section 104(a)(6) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804(a)(6)) is amended— in subparagraph (D), by striking ; and and inserting a semicolon; in subparagraph (E)(ii), by striking the semicolon and inserting ; and; and by adding after subparagraph (E) the following new subparagraph: that none of the information included in the statement described in paragraph (3) was solely produced by, derived from, or collected using funds of, a political organization (as defined in section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) for the purpose of gaining an advantage against, or otherwise conducting research on, an opposing political candidate, unless— the political organization that produced the information is clearly identified in the body of the statement; the information has been corroborated by other investigative techniques; and the investigative techniques used to corroborate the information are clearly identified in the body of the statement. Section 303(a)(6) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1823(a)(6)) is amended— in subparagraph (D), by striking ; and and inserting a semicolon; in subparagraph (E), by striking the semicolon and inserting ; and; and by adding after subparagraph (E) the following new subparagraph: that none of the information included in the statement described in paragraph (3) was solely produced by, derived from, or collected using funds of, a political organization (as defined in section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) for the purpose of gaining an advantage against, or otherwise conducting research on, an opposing political candidate, unless— the political organization that produced the information is clearly identified in the body of the statement; the information has been corroborated by other investigative techniques; and the investigative techniques used to corroborate the information are clearly identified in the body of the statement. (F)that none of the information included in the statement described in paragraph (3) was solely produced by, derived from, or collected using funds of, a political organization (as defined in section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) for the purpose of gaining an advantage against, or otherwise conducting research on, an opposing political candidate, unless—(i)the political organization that produced the information is clearly identified in the body of the statement;(ii)the information has been corroborated by other investigative techniques; and(iii)the investigative techniques used to corroborate the information are clearly identified in the body of the statement.. (F)that none of the information included in the statement described in paragraph (3) was solely produced by, derived from, or collected using funds of, a political organization (as defined in section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) for the purpose of gaining an advantage against, or otherwise conducting research on, an opposing political candidate, unless—(i)the political organization that produced the information is clearly identified in the body of the statement;(ii)the information has been corroborated by other investigative techniques; and(iii)the investigative techniques used to corroborate the information are clearly identified in the body of the statement..

205. Investigations relating to Federal candidates and elected Federal officials Section 104(a)(6) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804(a)(6)), as amended by section 204, is further amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: if the target of the electronic surveillance is an elected Federal official or a candidate in a Federal election, that the Attorney General has approved in writing of the investigation; Section 303(a)(6) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1823(a)(6)), as amended by section 204, is further amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: if the target of the physical search is an elected Federal official or a candidate in a Federal election, that the Attorney General has approved in writing of the investigation; (G)if the target of the electronic surveillance is an elected Federal official or a candidate in a Federal election, that the Attorney General has approved in writing of the investigation;. (G)if the target of the physical search is an elected Federal official or a candidate in a Federal election, that the Attorney General has approved in writing of the investigation;.

206. Removal or suspension of Federal officers for misconduct before Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court Section 103 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: An employee, officer, or contractor of the United States Government who knowingly engages in misconduct with respect to proceedings before the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review shall be subject to appropriate adverse actions, including, as appropriate, suspension without pay or removal. (l)Removal or suspension of Federal officers for misconduct before courtsAn employee, officer, or contractor of the United States Government who knowingly engages in misconduct with respect to proceedings before the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review shall be subject to appropriate adverse actions, including, as appropriate, suspension without pay or removal..

207. Additional penalties for offenses relating to FISA Section 1623(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting before , or both the following: or, if such proceedings are before or ancillary to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review established by section 103 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803), imprisoned not more than 10 years. Section 109(c) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1809(c)) is amended by striking five years and inserting 10 years. Subsection (a) of section 109 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1809) is amended— in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking intentionally; in paragraph (1)— by inserting intentionally before engages in; and by striking ; or and inserting a semicolon; in paragraph (2)— by inserting intentionally before disclose or uses; and by striking the period at the end and inserting ; or; and by adding at the end the following new paragraph: is an employee, officer, or contractor of the United States Government and intentionally discloses an application, in whole or in part, for an order under any title of this Act to any person not entitled to receive classified information. Subsection (b) of such section is amended by striking under subsection (a) and inserting under paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a). (3)is an employee, officer, or contractor of the United States Government and intentionally discloses an application, in whole or in part, for an order under any title of this Act to any person not entitled to receive classified information..

208. Contempts constituting crimes before the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review Section 402 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after any district court of the United States the following: , the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review established by section 103 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803),.

209. Effective and independent advice for the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review Section 103 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803), as amended by section 206, is further amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review may jointly employ legal advisors to assist the courts in all aspects of considering any matter before the courts, including with respect to— providing advice on issues of law or fact presented by any application for an order under this Act; requesting information from the Government in connection with any such application; identifying any concerns with any such application; and proposing requirements or conditions for the approval of any such application. The legal advisors employed under paragraph (1) shall be subject solely to the direction of the presiding judges of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review. (m)Independent legal advisors(1)AuthorityThe Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review may jointly employ legal advisors to assist the courts in all aspects of considering any matter before the courts, including with respect to—(A)providing advice on issues of law or fact presented by any application for an order under this Act;(B)requesting information from the Government in connection with any such application;(C)identifying any concerns with any such application; and(D)proposing requirements or conditions for the approval of any such application.(2)DirectionThe legal advisors employed under paragraph (1) shall be subject solely to the direction of the presiding judges of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review..

210. Enhancements to congressional oversight Section 601 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1871) is amended— by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and by inserting after subsection (d) the following new subsection (e): In a manner consistent with the protection of the national security, nothing in this Act or any other provision of law may be construed to preclude the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives from receiving in a timely manner, upon request, applications submitted under this Act to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, orders of the court, and relevant materials relating to such applications and orders. Section 602(a) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1872(a)) is amended by striking in section 601(e) and inserting in section 601(f). (e)Congressional oversightIn a manner consistent with the protection of the national security, nothing in this Act or any other provision of law may be construed to preclude the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives from receiving in a timely manner, upon request, applications submitted under this Act to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, orders of the court, and relevant materials relating to such applications and orders..

211. Establishment of compliance officers Title VI of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1871 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section: In this section: The term appropriate congressional committees means— the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives. The term covered agency means a department or agency of the United States Government that has the authority to submit applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court under this Act and which receives unminimized collection pursuant to orders issued under this Act. The term Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court has the meaning given that term in section 101. The head of each covered agency shall appoint a single Federal officer to serve as the Compliance Officer for that agency. Each Compliance Officer appointed under subsection (b) shall be responsible for overseeing the compliance of the relevant covered agency with the requirements of this Act. Each Compliance Officer shall oversee routine audits of the compliance by the relevant covered agency with— the requirements of this Act regarding submitting applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, including with respect to the accuracy of such applications; and the minimization, targeting, querying, and accuracy procedures required by this Act. Each Compliance Officer shall— conduct on a routine basis assessments of the efficacy of the minimization, targeting, querying, and accuracy procedures adopted by the Attorney General pursuant to this Act; and annually submit to the Assistant Attorney General designated as the Assistant Attorney General for National Security under section 507A of title 28, United States Code, and the head of the relevant covered agency the findings of such assessments, including any recommendations of the Compliance Officer with respect to improving such procedures. Each Compliance Officer shall ensure the appropriate remediation of any compliance issues of the relevant covered agency identified pursuant to this section or the rules of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. On an annual basis, and consistent with the protection of sources and methods, each Inspector General of a covered agency shall submit to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and the appropriate congressional committees an assessment of the implementation of this section by the covered agency. The table of sections at the beginning of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 604 the following new item: 605.Compliance officers(a)DefinitionsIn this section:(1)Appropriate congressional committeesThe term appropriate congressional committees means—(A)the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and(B)the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.(2)Covered agencyThe term covered agency means a department or agency of the United States Government that has the authority to submit applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court under this Act and which receives unminimized collection pursuant to orders issued under this Act.(3)Foreign Intelligence Surveillance CourtThe term Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court has the meaning given that term in section 101.(b)AppointmentThe head of each covered agency shall appoint a single Federal officer to serve as the Compliance Officer for that agency.(c)ComplianceEach Compliance Officer appointed under subsection (b) shall be responsible for overseeing the compliance of the relevant covered agency with the requirements of this Act.(d)AuditsEach Compliance Officer shall oversee routine audits of the compliance by the relevant covered agency with—(1)the requirements of this Act regarding submitting applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, including with respect to the accuracy of such applications; and(2)the minimization, targeting, querying, and accuracy procedures required by this Act.(e)AssessmentsEach Compliance Officer shall—(1)conduct on a routine basis assessments of the efficacy of the minimization, targeting, querying, and accuracy procedures adopted by the Attorney General pursuant to this Act; and(2)annually submit to the Assistant Attorney General designated as the Assistant Attorney General for National Security under section 507A of title 28, United States Code, and the head of the relevant covered agency the findings of such assessments, including any recommendations of the Compliance Officer with respect to improving such procedures.(f)RemediationEach Compliance Officer shall ensure the appropriate remediation of any compliance issues of the relevant covered agency identified pursuant to this section or the rules of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.(g)Inspectors General assessmentsOn an annual basis, and consistent with the protection of sources and methods, each Inspector General of a covered agency shall submit to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and the appropriate congressional committees an assessment of the implementation of this section by the covered agency.. Sec. 605. Compliance officers..

605. Compliance officers In this section: The term appropriate congressional committees means— the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives. The term covered agency means a department or agency of the United States Government that has the authority to submit applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court under this Act and which receives unminimized collection pursuant to orders issued under this Act. The term Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court has the meaning given that term in section 101. The head of each covered agency shall appoint a single Federal officer to serve as the Compliance Officer for that agency. Each Compliance Officer appointed under subsection (b) shall be responsible for overseeing the compliance of the relevant covered agency with the requirements of this Act. Each Compliance Officer shall oversee routine audits of the compliance by the relevant covered agency with— the requirements of this Act regarding submitting applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, including with respect to the accuracy of such applications; and the minimization, targeting, querying, and accuracy procedures required by this Act. Each Compliance Officer shall— conduct on a routine basis assessments of the efficacy of the minimization, targeting, querying, and accuracy procedures adopted by the Attorney General pursuant to this Act; and annually submit to the Assistant Attorney General designated as the Assistant Attorney General for National Security under section 507A of title 28, United States Code, and the head of the relevant covered agency the findings of such assessments, including any recommendations of the Compliance Officer with respect to improving such procedures. Each Compliance Officer shall ensure the appropriate remediation of any compliance issues of the relevant covered agency identified pursuant to this section or the rules of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. On an annual basis, and consistent with the protection of sources and methods, each Inspector General of a covered agency shall submit to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and the appropriate congressional committees an assessment of the implementation of this section by the covered agency.