S331-119

Signed into Law

HALT Fentanyl Act

119th Congress Introduced Jan 30, 2025

Summary

What This Bill Does

Permanently places fentanyl-related substances in Schedule I, expands related criminal-penalty and import-export provisions, streamlines certain Schedule I research registration pathways, directs rulemaking, and makes technical and applicability clarifications.

Who Benefits and How

Federal law-enforcement and prosecutors gain a permanent class-wide scheduling framework for fentanyl-related substances, while certain federally funded or investigational researchers gain a faster path for specified Schedule I research.

Department of Health and Human Services researchers, Department of Defense researchers, Department of Veterans Affairs researchers, academic universities, pharmaceutical manufacturers, biotech manufacturers, and principal investigators benefit from the research-registration provisions because qualifying Schedule I studies can proceed through faster notice-based or accelerated registration pathways.

Who Bears the Burden and How

Traffickers and other handlers of fentanyl-related substances face stronger permanent control and penalty exposure, and the Attorney General and DEA must implement research, rulemaking, and publication requirements.

The Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, Attorney General, controlled-substance manufacturers, drug distributors, and fentanyl-related substance traffickers bear the enforcement and implementation burden because the bill makes class-wide scheduling permanent, expands penalty hooks, and requires implementing rules.

Key Provisions

  • Adds a class-wide Schedule I listing for fentanyl-related substances, subject to specified exceptions and Attorney General publication authority.
  • Creates expedited notice-based or accelerated registration pathways for specified Schedule I research, including certain HHS, DOD, VA, and IND-related research, and addresses multi-site and small-quantity research activity.
  • Makes technical corrections and requires a DOJ Inspector General study on fentanyl research.
  • Extends penalty and import-export references to fentanyl-related substances, requires rulemaking, and specifies immediate applicability and interpretive effects.

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

Permanently places fentanyl-related substances in Schedule I, expands related criminal-penalty and import-export provisions, streamlines certain Schedule I research registration pathways, directs rulemaking, and makes technical and applicability clarifications.

Key Policy Areas

Drug Policy, Criminal Justice, Scientific Research, Public Health

Primary Purpose

Permanently places fentanyl-related substances in Schedule I, expands related criminal-penalty and import-export provisions, streamlines certain Schedule I research registration pathways, directs rulemaking, and makes technical and applicability clarifications.

Policy Domains

Drug Policy Criminal Justice Scientific Research Public Health

whole_bill

Identified Gains
  • Department of Health and Human Services researchers
  • Department of Defense researchers
  • Department of Veterans Affairs researchers
  • Academic universities
  • Pharmaceutical manufacturers
  • Biotech manufacturers
  • Principal investigators
  • Federal prosecutors
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: enr
Federal prosecutors: , , , , , , ,
Academic universities: , , , , , , ,
Biotech manufacturers: , , , , , , ,
Principal investigators: , , , , , , ,
Pharmaceutical manufacturers: , , , , , , ,
Department of Defense researchers: , , , , , , ,
Department of Veterans Affairs researchers: , , , , , , ,
Department of Health and Human Services researchers: , , , , , , ,
Identified Costs
  • Department of Justice
  • Drug Enforcement Administration
  • Attorney General
  • Controlled-substance manufacturers
  • Drug distributors
  • Fentanyl-related substance traffickers
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: enr
Attorney General: , , , , , , ,
Drug distributors: , , , , , , ,
Department of Justice: , , , , , , ,
Drug Enforcement Administration: , , , , , , ,
Controlled-substance manufacturers: , , , , , , ,
Fentanyl-related substance traffickers: , , , , , , ,

Legislative Progress

Signed into Law
Introduced Committee Passed Law
Jul 16, 2025

Became Public Law No: 119-26.

Jul 16, 2025

Signed by President.

Jul 8, 2025

Presented to President.

Jun 12, 2025

Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without …

Jun 12, 2025

On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 321 - …

Jun 12, 2025

Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas …

Jun 12, 2025

Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H2806)

Jun 11, 2025

POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on S. …

Jun 11, 2025

The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.

Jun 11, 2025

DEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate …

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Pharmaceuticals
11 mentions across 11 clauses
+3 positive -7 negative ?1 uncertain

Biotech companies developing Schedule I-based therapeutics, Drug manufacturers, distributors, and users of fentanyl-related substances, Manufacturers and distributors of controlled substances

Positive-direction: Biotech companies developing Schedule I-based therapeutics

Negative-direction: Drug manufacturers, distributors, and users of fentanyl-related substances, Manufacturers and distributors of controlled substances, Manufacturers, distributors, and users of fentanyl-related substances

Research & Science
8 mentions across 4 clauses
+7 positive -1 negative

Pharmaceutical researchers conducting Schedule I drug research under prior rules, Pharmaceutical researchers conducting federally-funded Schedule I drug research, Principal investigators at research institutions

Positive-direction: Pharmaceutical researchers conducting federally-funded Schedule I drug research, Principal investigators at research institutions, Research employees and lab technicians working under registered PIs

Negative-direction: Pharmaceutical researchers conducting Schedule I drug research under prior rules

Government
7 mentions across 4 clauses
+3 positive -3 negative ?1 uncertain

Attorney General, DEA Drug Enforcement Administration, Federal research agencies (HHS, DoD, VA) conducting or funding Schedule I research

Positive-direction: Federal research agencies (HHS, DoD, VA) conducting or funding Schedule I research

Negative-direction: DEA Drug Enforcement Administration

Education
4 mentions across 4 clauses
+3 positive -1 negative

Academic medical research institutions studying controlled substances, Academic medical research institutions under prior registration rules

Positive-direction: Academic medical research institutions studying controlled substances

Negative-direction: Academic medical research institutions under prior registration rules

Illegal Drug Trafficking
2 mentions across 2 clauses
-2 negative

Fentanyl-related substance traffickers

General Public
2 mentions across 2 clauses
+2 positive

Attorney General and interested persons (e.g., legal entities, individuals)

Illegal Activities
2 mentions across 2 clauses
-2 negative

Fentanyl traffickers and distributors

7/14
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown
House Roll #166

On Passage

HALT Fentanyl Act

Passed
321 Yea 104 Nay 7 Not Voting
Jun 12, 2025
Senate Roll #127

On Passage of the Bill S. 331

S. 331, as amended

Bill Passed (84-16)
84 Yea 16 Nay
Mar 14, 2025
Senate Roll #124

On the Cloture Motion S. 331

Motion to Invoke Cloture: S. 331

Cloture Motion Agreed to (84-15, 3/5 majority required)
84 Yea 15 Nay 1 Not Voting
Mar 13, 2025
Senate Roll #110

On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed S. 331

Motion to Invoke Cloture: Motion to Proceed to S. 331

Cloture on the Motion to Proceed Agreed to (82-12, 3/5 majority required)
82 Yea 12 Nay 6 Not Voting
Mar 6, 2025

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Drug Policy Criminal Justice Scientific Research Public Health
Actor Mappings
"attorney_general"
→ Attorney General

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology