S3275-119

Introduced

To reduce the risk to the national security of the United States posed by humanoid robots produced in certain countries, and for other purposes.

119th Congress Introduced Nov 20, 2025

Analysis under review: This bill has generated analysis that may be too generic or incomplete. Clause-level evidence remains available below.

Summary

What This Bill Does

This bill restricts the U.S. government from purchasing or using humanoid robots made by foreign adversaries (primarily China) and subjects foreign investments in American humanoid robot companies to national security review. It aims to prevent potential security threats, data theft, and intellectual property concerns posed by advanced humanoid robots from countries that may be hostile to U.S. interests.

Who Benefits and How

  • U.S. national security apparatus gains new protections against potential surveillance or security vulnerabilities from foreign-made humanoid robots in government operations
  • Domestic humanoid robotics companies benefit from reduced foreign competition in government contracts, as foreign adversaries are effectively banned from this market
  • The U.S. defense industry benefits from protected procurement opportunities and potential increased domestic investment

Who Bears the Burden and How

  • Executive agencies must comply with new procurement restrictions and cannot purchase humanoid robots from countries of concern, even if they offer better prices or capabilities
  • The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) must review additional transactions involving foreign investments in U.S. humanoid robotics companies, adding to their workload
  • The Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council must update federal acquisition regulations within 180 days
  • The Secretary of Defense must produce a detailed report on humanoid robot threats within one year

Key Provisions

  • Bans federal agencies from purchasing or using humanoid robots designed, developed, or manufactured by covered entities from countries of concern (effective 180 days after enactment)
  • Government contractors cannot use such robots to fulfill federal contracts
  • Expands CFIUS authority to review ANY foreign investment in U.S. humanoid robotics companies, regardless of whether it gives the investor control
  • Requires mandatory CFIUS declarations for investments by entities from countries of concern
  • Secretary of Defense may grant waivers for national security or research purposes
  • Mandates a comprehensive report on threats posed by humanoid robots, including analysis of China's manufacturing ecosystem, military-civil fusion efforts, export control circumvention, and data security concerns

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

The bill aims to mitigate national security risks posed by humanoid robots produced in countries of concern, particularly those that may circumvent US export controls or engage in intellectual property theft.

Key Policy Areas

National_security, Defense, Technology

Primary Purpose

The bill aims to mitigate national security risks posed by humanoid robots produced in countries of concern, particularly those that may circumvent US export controls or engage in intellectual property theft.

Policy Domains

National_security Defense Technology

Legislative Progress

Introduced
Introduced Committee Passed
Nov 20, 2025

Mr. Cassidy (for himself and Mr. Coons) introduced the following …

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Robotics Industry
1 mention across 1 clause
-1 negative

Entities producing humanoid robots in countries of concern

Humanoid Robotics Industry
1 mention across 1 clause
-1 negative

Entities investing in US humanoid robotics businesses from covered nations

Government
1 mention across 1 clause
-1 negative

Department of Defense

4/5
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
National_security Defense
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of Defense
"the_administrator"
→ None

Key Definitions

Terms defined in this bill

4 terms
"country of concern" §id22e019060e1e4b75a814c9aabe7e31cc

A nation that is considered a threat to US national security, as defined in section 4872 of title 10, United States Code.

"humanoid robot" §id69fce937b3ed4b8a90dcae2ed5ab082c

An autonomous or semi-autonomous machine that simulates the human form and uses integrated artificial intelligence systems.

"executive agency" §id6b828cf93b8f46298ec5ca06918647a5

As defined in section 133 of title 41, United States Code.

"covered entity" §idc0dd4773b4f5414c82097dec67690d6e

Includes governments, political parties, foreign entities of concern, and companies with ties to countries of concern.

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology