S2940-119

In Committee

OPT Fair Tax Act

119th Congress Introduced Sep 30, 2025

Analysis under review: This bill has generated analysis that may be too generic or incomplete. Clause-level evidence remains available below.

Summary

What This Bill Does

Subjects optional practical training wages paid to F-1 visa holders to Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes by removing the current student nonresident exemption for OPT work.

Who Benefits and How

Social Security and Medicare trust funds would collect additional payroll taxes from OPT employment, and U.S. workers or employers seeking equal payroll-tax treatment could benefit from the change.

Who Bears the Burden and How

F-1 students in optional practical training and their employers would face higher payroll-tax costs on OPT wages that are currently exempt.

Key Provisions

  • Removes the payroll-tax exemption for F-1 nonimmigrants participating in optional practical training from the Internal Revenue Code definition of employment.
  • Makes the same change in the Social Security Act definition of employment.
  • Applies the change to services performed in calendar months beginning after enactment.

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

Subjects optional practical training wages paid to F-1 visa holders to Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes by removing the current student nonresident exemption for OPT work.

Key Policy Areas

Tax, Immigration, Labor

Primary Purpose

Subjects optional practical training wages paid to F-1 visa holders to Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes by removing the current student nonresident exemption for OPT work.

Policy Domains

Tax Immigration Labor

Main Provisions

Identified Gains
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
  • Social Security and Medicare financing and stakeholders seeking equal payroll-tax treatment for OPT work
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: is

Contextual inference, no direct clause citation

Identified Costs
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
  • F-1 students in optional practical training and their employers
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: is

Contextual inference, no direct clause citation

Legislative Progress

In Committee
Introduced Committee Passed
Sep 30, 2025

Mr. Cotton introduced the following bill; which was read twice …

Sep 30, 2025

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance.

Sep 30, 2025

Introduced in Senate

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Education
1 mention across 1 clause
-1 negative

F-1 students participating in optional practical training

Small Business
1 mention across 1 clause
-1 negative

Employers paying wages to F-1 students in optional practical training

Federal Administration
1 mention across 1 clause
+1 positive

Social Security and Medicare trust funds receiving payroll taxes on OPT wages

2/2
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Tax Immigration Labor

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology