To support carbon dioxide removal research and development, and for other purposes.
Analysis under review: This bill has generated analysis that may be too generic or incomplete. Clause-level evidence remains available below.
Summary
What This Bill Does
This bill creates a coordinated federal research program for carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies across more than a dozen federal agencies. It aims to develop methods to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, including direct air capture machines, enhanced soil carbon storage, ocean-based approaches, forestry practices, and mineral carbonation. The bill authorizes hundreds of millions of dollars in research funding through 2033.
Who Benefits and How
Carbon capture technology companies benefit from substantial federal R&D investment that will advance direct air capture components (sorbents, membranes, solvents) and create markets for their technologies. Universities and research institutions gain new grant opportunities through NSF, DOE, and USDA programs. Construction materials manufacturers benefit from R&D on carbon-sequestering concrete and cement for highway construction. Mining companies may benefit from research into using mine tailings for carbon mineralization.
Who Bears the Burden and How
Federal agencies must establish new coordination mechanisms and reporting structures. Taxpayers bear the cost of authorized appropriations across multiple agencies. There are no significant new regulatory burdens on private industry - this is primarily a research funding bill.
Key Provisions
- Establishes Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management within DOE as the lead coordinator for CDR research
- Authorizes research on direct air capture, soil carbon, ocean-based removal, biomass, and mineral carbonation
- Creates international coordination plan through OSTP
- Authorizes funding for 10+ federal agencies through fiscal year 2033
Evidence Chain:
This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers.
At a Glance
What This Bill Does
Establishes a comprehensive multi-agency federal research, development, and demonstration program for carbon dioxide removal technologies and methods, authorizing substantial appropriations across 10+ federal agencies through 2033.
Key Policy Areas
Energy, Environment, Agriculture, Research & Development, Climate, Transportation, Defense, Commerce
Primary Purpose
Establishes a comprehensive multi-agency federal research, development, and demonstration program for carbon dioxide removal technologies and methods, authorizing substantial appropriations across 10+ federal agencies through 2033.
Policy Domains
Title I - Department of Energy
Identified Gains
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- Carbon capture technology companies
- National Laboratories
- Direct air capture equipment manufacturers
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Identified Costs
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- DOE (administrative coordination burden)
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Title V - Department of the Interior
Identified Gains
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- Mining industry
- Geologic storage companies
- Local communities near abandoned mines
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Identified Costs
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- USGS (mapping and assessment burden)
- BLM (land assessment burden)
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Title X - International Coordination
Identified Gains
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- International research collaborations
- US CDR technology exporters
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Identified Costs
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- OSTP (coordination duties)
- State Department
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Title II - Department of Agriculture
Identified Gains
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- Agricultural research institutions
- Land-grant universities
- Forestry industry
- Biochar and biofuels companies
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Identified Costs
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- USDA (coordination and mission expansion)
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Title IV - Department of Defense
Identified Gains
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- Coastal restoration contractors
- Coastal communities
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Identified Costs
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- Army Corps of Engineers
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Title IX - National Science Foundation
Identified Gains
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- University researchers
- Research institutions
- Biotechnology companies
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Identified Costs
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- NSF (grant administration)
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Title VI - Department of Transportation
Identified Gains
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- Carbon-sequestering cement and concrete manufacturers
- Highway construction contractors
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Identified Costs
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- FHWA (program establishment)
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Title III - Department of Commerce
Identified Gains
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- Ocean-based carbon removal technology developers
- Construction materials manufacturers
- Coastal communities
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Identified Costs
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- NOAA (new mission responsibilities)
- NIST (standards development burden)
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Title VII - Environmental Protection Agency
Identified Gains
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- Environmental research organizations
- Communities near potential CDR sites
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Identified Costs
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- EPA (research and assessment duties)
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Title VIII - NASA
Identified Gains
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- Earth observation satellite contractors
- Climate research institutions
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Identified Costs
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation- NASA (mission extension and new activities)
Contextual inference, no direct clause citation
Sponsors
Legislative Progress
IntroducedMr. Schatz (for himself, Mr. Bennet, Mr. Coons, Mr. Heinrich, …
Stakeholder Effects
cui bono?How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.
Agricultural research institutions, Carbon capture engineering companies, Carbon capture technology companies
Positive-direction: Agricultural research institutions, Carbon capture engineering companies, Carbon capture technology companies, Direct air capture component manufacturers, Direct air capture technology developers, Economic modeling researchers, Enhanced weathering technology developers, International CDR research collaborators, Materials research companies, Ocean carbon removal technology developers, Ocean research institutions, Public engagement and communication researchers, Remote sensing and satellite technology companies, Remote sensing technology providers, Soil science researchers, Terrestrial CDR technology developers
Negative-direction: Carbon dioxide removal technology developers
Agricultural Research Service, Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Land Management
1994 Tribal land-grant institutions, Engineering research institutions, Geoscience research institutions
Biochar producers, Biofuel producers, Carbon-cured cement and concrete manufacturers
Positive-direction: Biochar producers, Biofuel producers, Carbon-cured cement and concrete manufacturers, Carbon-sequestering construction materials manufacturers, Chemical and materials companies
Negative-direction: Traditional cement manufacturers
Farmers adopting carbon sequestration practices, Farmers and agricultural producers, Farmers participating in conservation programs
Coastal restoration contractors, Geologic carbon storage companies, Mining companies with mineral carbonation potential
Forestry and logging companies, Reforestation and land restoration companies
Coastal communities, Environmental justice communities near CDR facilities
Bill Structure & Actor Mappings
Who is "The Secretary" in each section?
- "the_director"
- → Director of Office of Science
- "the_secretary"
- → Secretary of Energy
- "the_assistant_secretary"
- → Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy and Carbon Management
- "the_secretary"
- → Secretary of Agriculture
- "the_under_secretary"
- → Under Secretary for Research, Education, and Economics
- "the_director"
- → Director of NIST
- "the_secretary"
- → Secretary of Commerce
- "the_under_secretary"
- → Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere
- "the_chief"
- → Chief of Engineers
- "the_secretary"
- → Secretary of Defense
- "the_director"
- → Director of USGS
- "the_secretary"
- → Secretary of the Interior
- "the_assistant_secretary"
- → Assistant Secretary of Land and Minerals Management
- "the_secretary"
- → Secretary of Transportation
- "the_administrator"
- → Administrator of EPA
- "the_assistant_administrator"
- → Assistant Administrator of Research and Development
- "the_administrator"
- → Administrator of NASA
- "the_director"
- → Director of NSF
- "the_director"
- → Director of OSTP
Note: The Secretary refers to different officials in each title: Secretary of Energy (Title I), Secretary of Agriculture (Title II), Secretary of Commerce (Title III), Secretary of Defense (Title IV), Secretary of Interior (Title V), Secretary of Transportation (Title VI)
Key Definitions
Terms defined in this bill
Secretary of Agriculture
Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere
Novel formulation of cement, concrete, or aggregate allowing captured carbon dioxide to be sequestered, including CO2-adsorbing/absorbing materials, CO2-cured cement/concrete, new aggregate from mineral carbonization, and cement substituting clinker with 50%+ other materials
Meaning given in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977, including 1994 Institutions
We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.
Learn more about our methodology