S2362-119

2. Opposition to provision of assistance to People's Republic of China by multilateral development banks Congress makes the following findings: The People’s Republic of China is the world’s second largest economy and a major global lender. In April 2025, the foreign exchange reserves of the People’s Republic of China totaled more than $3,281,000,000,000. The World Bank classifies the People’s Republic of China as a country with an upper-middle-income economy. On February 25, 2021, President Xi Jinping announced complete victory over extreme poverty in the People’s Republic of China. The Government of the People’s Republic of China utilizes state resources to create and promote the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the New Development Bank, and the Belt and Road Initiative. The People’s Republic of China is the world’s largest official creditor. Through a multilateral development bank, countries are eligible to borrow until they can manage long-term development and access to capital markets without financial resources from the bank. The World Bank reviews the graduation of a country from eligibility to borrow from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development once the country reaches the graduation discussion income, which is equivalent to the gross national income. For fiscal year 2025, the graduation discussion income is a gross national income per capita exceeding $7,895. Many of the other multilateral development banks, such as the Asian Development Bank, use the gross national income per capita benchmark used by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development to trigger the graduation process. The People’s Republic of China exceeded the graduation discussion income threshold in 2016. Since fiscal year 2016, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development has approved project loans totaling $12,938,000,000 to the People’s Republic of China. In 2024, the Asian Development Bank approved loans and technical assistance to the People’s Republic of China totaling more than $901,000,000. The Bank also approved non-sovereign commitments in the People’s Republic of China totaling more than $483,000,000. The World Bank calculates the People’s Republic of China’s 2024 gross national income per capita as $13,660. It is the policy of the United States to oppose any additional lending from the multilateral development banks, including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Asian Development Bank, to the People’s Republic of China as a result of the People’s Republic of China’s successful graduation from the eligibility requirements for assistance from those banks. The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director at each multilateral development bank to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States— to oppose any loan or extension of financial or technical assistance by the bank to the People’s Republic of China; and to end lending and assistance to countries that exceed the graduation discussion income of the bank. Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes— an assessment of the status of borrowing by the People’s Republic of China from each multilateral development bank; a description of voting power, shares, and representation by the People’s Republic of China at each such bank; a list of countries that have exceeded the graduation discussion income at each such bank; a list of countries that have graduated from eligibility for assistance from each such bank; and a full description of the efforts taken by the United States to graduate countries from such eligibility once they exceed the graduation discussion income at each such bank. In this section: The term appropriate congressional committees means— the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and the Committee on Financial Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives. The term multilateral development banks has the meaning given that term in section 1701(c) of the International Financial Institutions Act (22 U.S.C. 262r(c)).