S2198-119

Introduced

To amend title 10, United States Code, to limit the authority of the Department of Defense and other Federal law enforcement personnel to support civilian law enforcement activities, and for other purposes.

119th Congress Introduced Jun 26, 2025

Summary

What This Bill Does

The bill requires amendment to Chapter 15 of title 10 USC inserting new section limiting DoD support to civilian law enforcement to four emergency circumstances requiring presidential justification to Congress, requires new section 274a of title 10 restricting Secretary of Defense support under sections 272-274 to four enumerated circumstances: humanitarian crisis, natural disaster, public health emergency, and drug, and requires amendment to Chapter 49 of title 10 prohibiting individuals serving in any DoD capacity from simultaneously serving in civilian law enforcement, with exception for reserve component members in their civilian. It relies on compliance mandates and liability protections. The main policy areas are Defense and Criminal Justice.

Who Benefits and How

Persons aggrieved by military law enforcement overreach could face reduced risk, State and local governments could face reduced risk, and Communities affected by militarized policing could face reduced risk.

Who Bears the Burden and How

Secretary of Defense would take on compliance duties, DoD personnel with dual law enforcement roles would take on compliance duties, and DoD personnel would take on compliance duties.

Key Provisions

  • Requires amendment to Chapter 15 of title 10 USC inserting new section limiting DoD support to civilian law enforcement to four emergency circumstances requiring presidential justification to Congress.
  • Requires new section 274a of title 10 restricting Secretary of Defense support under sections 272-274 to four enumerated circumstances: humanitarian crisis, natural disaster, public health emergency, and drug...
  • Requires amendment to Chapter 49 of title 10 prohibiting individuals serving in any DoD capacity from simultaneously serving in civilian law enforcement, with exception for reserve component members in their civilian...
  • Requires new section 990 of title 10 codifying the prohibition on simultaneous DoD and civilian law enforcement service with the reserve component exception and active duty recusal requirement.
  • Requires amendment to section 723(a) of title 10 expanding requirements for Armed Forces and federal law enforcement personnel assisting civil authorities beyond civil disturbances to all situations.

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

The bill requires amendment to Chapter 15 of title 10 USC inserting new section limiting DoD support to civilian law enforcement to four emergency circumstances requiring presidential justification to Congress, requires new section 274a of title 10 restricting Secretary of Defense support under sections 272-274 to four enumerated circumstances: humanitarian crisis, natural disaster, public health emergency, and drug, and requires amendment to Chapter 49 of title 10 prohibiting individuals serving in any DoD capacity from simultaneously serving in civilian law enforcement, with exception for reserve component members in their civilian.

Key Policy Areas

Defense, Criminal Justice

Primary Purpose

The bill requires amendment to Chapter 15 of title 10 USC inserting new section limiting DoD support to civilian law enforcement to four emergency circumstances requiring presidential justification to Congress, requires new section 274a of title 10 restricting Secretary of Defense support under sections 272-274 to four enumerated circumstances: humanitarian crisis, natural disaster, public health emergency, and drug, and requires amendment to Chapter 49 of title 10 prohibiting individuals serving in any DoD capacity from simultaneously serving in civilian law enforcement, with exception for reserve component members in their civilian.

Policy Domains

Defense Criminal Justice

Military-Civilian Law Enforcement Separation

Identified Gains
  • Persons aggrieved by military law enforcement overreach
  • State and local governments
  • Communities affected by militarized policing
  • Civil liberties organizations
Model: codex-gpt-5:bulk-repair | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: is
State and local governments:
Civil liberties organizations:
Communities affected by militarized policing:
Persons aggrieved by military law enforcement overreach:
Identified Costs
  • Secretary of Defense
  • DoD personnel with dual law enforcement roles
  • DoD personnel
  • Department of Defense
  • Federal law enforcement agencies using military support
Model: codex-gpt-5:bulk-repair | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: is
DoD personnel:
Secretary of Defense:
Department of Defense:
DoD personnel with dual law enforcement roles:
Federal law enforcement agencies using military support:

Legislative Progress

Introduced
Introduced Committee Passed
Jun 26, 2025

Ms. Duckworth (for herself, Ms. Hirono, and Mr. Durbin) introduced …

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Defense
7 mentions across 6 clauses
-7 negative

Armed Forces personnel assisting civil authorities, Department of Defense, DoD personnel

Law Enforcement
4 mentions across 4 clauses
-4 negative

Civilian law enforcement relying on military support, Federal law enforcement agencies using military support, Federal law enforcement personnel

General Public
2 mentions across 2 clauses
+2 positive

Communities affected by militarized policing, Persons aggrieved by military law enforcement overreach

Civil Rights Groups
1 mention across 1 clause
+1 positive

Civil liberties organizations

Government
1 mention across 1 clause
+1 positive

State and local governments

6/7
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Defense Criminal Justice
Actor Mappings
"the_president"
→ President of the United States
"the_secretary_of_defense"
→ Secretary of Defense

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology