S2107-119

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Protecting Our Students and Taxpayers Act of 2025 or POST Act of 2025.

2. 85/15 rule Section 102(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002(b)) is amended— in paragraph (1)— in subparagraph (D), by striking and after the semicolon; in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and; and by adding at the end the following: meets the requirements of paragraph (2). by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and by inserting after paragraph (1) the following: In this paragraph: The term alternative financing agreement means a financing agreement between— a student of an institution; and the institution; any entity or individual— in the institution's ownership tree; or with any common ownership of the institution and the entity providing the funds; or an entity that has any other relationship or agreement with the institution; or an entity with common ownership with an entity described in subitem (AA). The term Federal education assistance funds means Federal funds that are disbursed or delivered to or on behalf of a student to be used to attend such institution, as calculated under subparagraph (C). In order to qualify as a proprietary institution of higher education under this subsection, an institution shall derive not less than 15 percent of the institution’s revenues from sources other than Federal education assistance funds, as calculated in accordance with subparagraphs (A) and (C). In making calculations under subparagraph (B), an institution of higher education shall— use the cash basis of accounting; consider as revenue only those funds generated by the institution from— tuition, fees, and other institutional charges for students enrolled in programs eligible for assistance under title IV; activities conducted by the institution that are necessary for the education and training of the institution’s students, if such activities are— conducted on campus or at a facility under the control of the institution; performed under the supervision of a member of the institution’s faculty; required to be performed by all students in a specific educational program at the institution; and related directly to services performed by students; a contractual arrangement with a Federal agency for the purpose of providing job training to low-income individuals who are in need of such training; and funds paid by a student, or on behalf of a student by a party unrelated to the institution, its owners, or affiliates, for an education or training program that is not eligible for assistance under title IV, as long as— such noneligible program does not include any courses offered in an eligible program of the proprietary institution; such noneligible program is provided by the institution, and taught by an instructor of the institution, at— its main campus or one of its additional locations, as approved by the appropriate accrediting agency or association; another school facility approved by the appropriate State agency or accrediting agency or association; or an employer facility; and such noneligible program is not a program where the institution is merely providing facilities for test preparation courses, acting as a proctor, or overseeing a course of self-study; presume that any Federal education assistance funds that are disbursed or delivered to an institution on behalf of a student or directly to a student will be used to pay the student’s tuition, fees, or other institutional charges, regardless of whether the institution credits such funds to the student’s account or pays such funds directly to the student, except to the extent that the student’s tuition, fees, or other institutional charges are satisfied by— grant funds provided by an outside source that— has no affiliation with the institution; and shares no employees, executives, or board members with the institution; and institutional scholarships described in clause (vi); include no loans made by an institution of higher education as revenue to the school, except for payments made by current or former students to the institution during the fiscal year for which the determination is being made on such loans that are— used to satisfy tuition, fees, and other institutional charges; bona fide, as evidenced by standalone repayment agreements between the students and the institution that are enforceable promissory notes; issued at intervals related to the institution’s enrollment periods; subject to regular loan repayments and collections by the institution; and separate from the enrollment contracts signed by the students; include funds from an income share agreement, or any other alternative financing agreement, with a student only if— the institution clearly identifies the student’s institutional charges, and such charges are the same or less than the stated rate for institutional charges; the agreement clearly identifies the maximum time and maximum amount a student would be required to pay, including the implied or imputed interest rate and any fees and revenue generated for a related third party, the institution, or an entity described in subparagraph (A)(i)(II), for that maximum time period; and all payments under the agreement are applied with a portion allocated to the return of capital and a portion allocated to profit, with revenue, interest, and fees not included in the calculation; include a scholarship provided by the institution— only if the scholarship is in the form of monetary aid based upon the academic achievements or financial need of students, disbursed to qualified student recipients during each fiscal year from an established restricted account; and only to the extent that funds in that account represent designated funds, or income earned on such funds, from an outside source that— has no affiliation with the institution; and shares no employees, executives, or board members with the institution; and exclude from revenues— the amount of funds the institution received under part C of title IV, unless the institution used those funds to pay a student’s institutional charges; the amount of funds the institution received under subpart 4 of part A of title IV; the amount of funds provided by the institution as matching funds for any Federal program; the amount of Federal education assistance funds provided to the institution to pay institutional charges for a student that were refunded or returned; and the amount charged for books, supplies, and equipment, unless the institution includes that amount as tuition, fees, or other institutional charges. Notwithstanding subparagraph (B), a proprietary institution of higher education that fails to meet the requirements of such subparagraph for a fiscal year shall be ineligible for purposes of this paragraph for a period of not less than 2 institutional fiscal years. To regain eligibility under this paragraph, the proprietary institution shall demonstrate compliance with all eligibility and certification requirements under section 498 for a minimum of 2 institutional fiscal years after the institutional fiscal year in which the institution became ineligible. Not later than the third full award year (as defined in section 481(a)(1)) that begins after the date of enactment of the Protecting Our Students and Taxpayers Act of 2025, and by July 1 of each succeeding year, the Secretary shall submit to the authorizing committees a report that contains, for each proprietary institution of higher education that receives assistance under title IV and as provided in the audited financial statements submitted to the Secretary by each institution pursuant to the requirements of section 487(c)— the amount and percentage of such institution’s revenues received from Federal education assistance funds; and the amount and percentage of such institution’s revenues received from other sources. Section 487 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1094) is amended— in subsection (a)— by striking paragraph (24); by redesignating paragraphs (25) through (29) as paragraphs (24) through (28), respectively; in paragraph (24)(A)(ii) (as redesignated by subparagraph (B)), by striking subsection (e) and inserting subsection (d); and in paragraph (26) (as redesignated by subparagraph (B)), by striking subsection (h) and inserting subsection (g); by striking subsection (d); by redesignating subsections (e) through (j) as subsections (d) through (i), respectively; in the matter preceding paragraph (1) of subsection (d) (as redesignated by paragraph (3)), by striking (a)(25) and inserting (a)(24); in subsection (f)(1) (as redesignated by paragraph (3)), by striking subsection (e)(2) and inserting subsection (d)(2); and in subsection (g)(1) (as redesignated by paragraph (3)), by striking subsection (a)(27) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) and inserting subsection (a)(26). The Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.) is amended— in section 152 (20 U.S.C. 1019a)— in subsection (a)(1)(A), by striking subsections (a)(27) and (h) of section 487 and inserting subsections (a)(26) and (g) of section 487; and in subsection (b)(1)(B)(i)(I), by striking section 487(e) and inserting section 487(d); in section 153(c)(3) (20 U.S.C. 1019b(c)(3)), by striking section 487(a)(25) each place the term appears and inserting section 487(a)(24); in section 496(c)(3)(A) (20 U.S.C. 1099b(c)(3)(A)), by striking section 487(f) and inserting section 487(e); and in section 498(k)(1) (20 U.S.C. 1099c(k)(1)), by striking section 487(f) and inserting section 487(e). (F) meets the requirements of paragraph (2). ; (2) Revenue sources (A) Definitions In this paragraph: (i) Alternative financing arrangement The term alternative financing agreement means a financing agreement between— (I) a student of an institution; and (II) (aa) the institution; (bb) any entity or individual— (AA) in the institution's ownership tree; or (BB) with any common ownership of the institution and the entity providing the funds; or (cc) (AA) an entity that has any other relationship or agreement with the institution; or (BB) an entity with common ownership with an entity described in subitem (AA). (ii) Federal education assistance funds The term Federal education assistance funds means Federal funds that are disbursed or delivered to or on behalf of a student to be used to attend such institution, as calculated under subparagraph (C). (B) 85/15 rule In order to qualify as a proprietary institution of higher education under this subsection, an institution shall derive not less than 15 percent of the institution’s revenues from sources other than Federal education assistance funds, as calculated in accordance with subparagraphs (A) and (C). (C) Implementation of non-Federal revenue requirement In making calculations under subparagraph (B), an institution of higher education shall— (i) use the cash basis of accounting; (ii) consider as revenue only those funds generated by the institution from— (I) tuition, fees, and other institutional charges for students enrolled in programs eligible for assistance under title IV; (II) activities conducted by the institution that are necessary for the education and training of the institution’s students, if such activities are— (aa) conducted on campus or at a facility under the control of the institution; (bb) performed under the supervision of a member of the institution’s faculty; (cc) required to be performed by all students in a specific educational program at the institution; and (dd) related directly to services performed by students; (III) a contractual arrangement with a Federal agency for the purpose of providing job training to low-income individuals who are in need of such training; and (IV) funds paid by a student, or on behalf of a student by a party unrelated to the institution, its owners, or affiliates, for an education or training program that is not eligible for assistance under title IV, as long as— (aa) such noneligible program does not include any courses offered in an eligible program of the proprietary institution; (bb) such noneligible program is provided by the institution, and taught by an instructor of the institution, at— (AA) its main campus or one of its additional locations, as approved by the appropriate accrediting agency or association; (BB) another school facility approved by the appropriate State agency or accrediting agency or association; or (CC) an employer facility; and (cc) such noneligible program is not a program where the institution is merely providing facilities for test preparation courses, acting as a proctor, or overseeing a course of self-study; (iii) presume that any Federal education assistance funds that are disbursed or delivered to an institution on behalf of a student or directly to a student will be used to pay the student’s tuition, fees, or other institutional charges, regardless of whether the institution credits such funds to the student’s account or pays such funds directly to the student, except to the extent that the student’s tuition, fees, or other institutional charges are satisfied by— (I) grant funds provided by an outside source that— (aa) has no affiliation with the institution; and (bb) shares no employees, executives, or board members with the institution; and (II) institutional scholarships described in clause (vi); (iv) include no loans made by an institution of higher education as revenue to the school, except for payments made by current or former students to the institution during the fiscal year for which the determination is being made on such loans that are— (I) used to satisfy tuition, fees, and other institutional charges; (II) bona fide, as evidenced by standalone repayment agreements between the students and the institution that are enforceable promissory notes; (III) issued at intervals related to the institution’s enrollment periods; (IV) subject to regular loan repayments and collections by the institution; and (V) separate from the enrollment contracts signed by the students; (v) include funds from an income share agreement, or any other alternative financing agreement, with a student only if— (I) the institution clearly identifies the student’s institutional charges, and such charges are the same or less than the stated rate for institutional charges; (II) the agreement clearly identifies the maximum time and maximum amount a student would be required to pay, including the implied or imputed interest rate and any fees and revenue generated for a related third party, the institution, or an entity described in subparagraph (A)(i)(II), for that maximum time period; and (III) all payments under the agreement are applied with a portion allocated to the return of capital and a portion allocated to profit, with revenue, interest, and fees not included in the calculation; (vi) include a scholarship provided by the institution— (I) only if the scholarship is in the form of monetary aid based upon the academic achievements or financial need of students, disbursed to qualified student recipients during each fiscal year from an established restricted account; and (II) only to the extent that funds in that account represent designated funds, or income earned on such funds, from an outside source that— (aa) has no affiliation with the institution; and (bb) shares no employees, executives, or board members with the institution; and (vii) exclude from revenues— (I) the amount of funds the institution received under part C of title IV, unless the institution used those funds to pay a student’s institutional charges; (II) the amount of funds the institution received under subpart 4 of part A of title IV; (III) the amount of funds provided by the institution as matching funds for any Federal program; (IV) the amount of Federal education assistance funds provided to the institution to pay institutional charges for a student that were refunded or returned; and (V) the amount charged for books, supplies, and equipment, unless the institution includes that amount as tuition, fees, or other institutional charges. (D) Regaining eligibility Notwithstanding subparagraph (B), a proprietary institution of higher education that fails to meet the requirements of such subparagraph for a fiscal year shall be ineligible for purposes of this paragraph for a period of not less than 2 institutional fiscal years. To regain eligibility under this paragraph, the proprietary institution shall demonstrate compliance with all eligibility and certification requirements under section 498 for a minimum of 2 institutional fiscal years after the institutional fiscal year in which the institution became ineligible. (E) Report to congress Not later than the third full award year (as defined in section 481(a)(1)) that begins after the date of enactment of the Protecting Our Students and Taxpayers Act of 2025, and by July 1 of each succeeding year, the Secretary shall submit to the authorizing committees a report that contains, for each proprietary institution of higher education that receives assistance under title IV and as provided in the audited financial statements submitted to the Secretary by each institution pursuant to the requirements of section 487(c)— (i) the amount and percentage of such institution’s revenues received from Federal education assistance funds; and (ii) the amount and percentage of such institution’s revenues received from other sources. .

3. Effective date The amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the second full award year that begins after the date of enactment of this Act. In this section, the term award year has the meaning given the term in section 481(a)(1) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1088(a)(1)).