S1325-119

Introduced

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to impose a fee on certain products imported into the United States based on the pollution intensity associated with the production of such products, and for other purposes.

119th Congress Introduced Apr 8, 2025

Summary

What This Bill Does

The bill creates expresses Congressional finding that U.S, exempts explicitly prohibits interpretation of this Act as authorizing any carbon tax, fee, or pricing mechanism on domestically produced covered products sold, used, refined, or distributed within the United States, and amends the Internal Revenue Code to add a new subchapter establishing a foreign pollution fee system with comprehensive definitions, fee structures, pollution intensity calculations, and administrative procedures. It relies on exemptions, tariffs, definition changes, and reporting requirements. The main policy areas are Trade, Foreign Policy, Science & Space, and Energy.

Who Benefits and How

U.S. domestic manufacturers of covered products could see lower costs, U.S. steel producers could face lower compliance burdens, and U.S. steel and aluminum manufacturers could gain revenue opportunities.

Who Bears the Burden and How

U.S. importers of covered products could face higher costs, U.S. Customs and Border Protection would take on compliance duties, and Department of Treasury would take on compliance duties.

Key Provisions

  • Creates expresses Congressional finding that U.S.
  • Exempts explicitly prohibits interpretation of this Act as authorizing any carbon tax, fee, or pricing mechanism on domestically produced covered products sold, used, refined, or distributed within the United States...
  • Amends the Internal Revenue Code to add a new subchapter establishing a foreign pollution fee system with comprehensive definitions, fee structures, pollution intensity calculations, and administrative procedures.
  • Establishes key definitions for the Foreign Pollution Fee subchapter, including terms for pollution intensity, covered entities, foreign entities of concern, nonmarket economy countries, and carbon removal processes.
  • Imposes an ad valorem fee on imported covered products calculated as the customs value multiplied by a variable charge based on pollution intensity. The fee is paid by the importer through customs portals, with bond...

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

The bill creates expresses Congressional finding that U.S, exempts explicitly prohibits interpretation of this Act as authorizing any carbon tax, fee, or pricing mechanism on domestically produced covered products sold, used, refined, or distributed within the United States, and amends the Internal Revenue Code to add a new subchapter establishing a foreign pollution fee system with comprehensive definitions, fee structures, pollution intensity calculations, and administrative procedures.

Key Policy Areas

Trade, Foreign Policy, Science & Space, Energy

Primary Purpose

The bill creates expresses Congressional finding that U.S, exempts explicitly prohibits interpretation of this Act as authorizing any carbon tax, fee, or pricing mechanism on domestically produced covered products sold, used, refined, or distributed within the United States, and amends the Internal Revenue Code to add a new subchapter establishing a foreign pollution fee system with comprehensive definitions, fee structures, pollution intensity calculations, and administrative procedures.

Policy Domains

Trade Foreign Policy Science & Space Energy

Title I - Foreign Pollution Fee

Identified Gains
  • U.S. domestic manufacturers of covered products
  • U.S. steel producers
  • U.S. steel and aluminum manufacturers
  • U.S. fertilizer producers
  • U.S. domestic steel manufacturers
Model: codex-gpt-5:bulk-repair | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: is
U.S. steel producers:
U.S. fertilizer producers:
U.S. domestic steel manufacturers:
U.S. steel and aluminum manufacturers:
U.S. domestic manufacturers of covered products: ,
Identified Costs
  • U.S. importers of covered products
  • U.S. Customs and Border Protection
  • Department of Treasury
  • Vietnamese manufacturers of covered products
  • Russian manufacturers of covered products
Model: codex-gpt-5:bulk-repair | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: is
Department of Treasury: , ,
U.S. Customs and Border Protection: , ,
U.S. importers of covered products: , , ,
Russian manufacturers of covered products:
Vietnamese manufacturers of covered products:

Legislative Progress

Introduced
Introduced Committee Passed
Apr 8, 2025

Mr. Cassidy (for himself and Mr. Graham) introduced the following …

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Manufacturing
32 mentions across 10 clauses
+19 positive -13 negative

Chinese manufacturers, Chinese manufacturers of steel, aluminum, cement, fertilizer, glass, solar products, and batteries, Foreign aluminum producers

Positive-direction: Foreign facilities in free trade agreement countries, Industrial sector representatives (steel, aluminum, cement, fertilizer, glass), Low-income and lower-middle-income country manufacturers, Low-income country manufacturers, Lower-middle-income country manufacturers, Manufacturers in international partnership agreement countries, U.S. aluminum producers, U.S. cement manufacturers, U.S. companies with foreign manufacturing facilities, U.S. domestic aluminum manufacturers, U.S. domestic manufacturers, U.S. domestic manufacturers of covered products, U.S. domestic solar manufacturers, U.S. domestic steel manufacturers, U.S. fertilizer producers, U.S. manufacturers, U.S. steel and aluminum manufacturers, U.S. steel producers

Negative-direction: Chinese manufacturers, Chinese manufacturers of steel, aluminum, cement, fertilizer, glass, solar products, and batteries, Foreign aluminum producers, Foreign battery input manufacturers, Foreign cement producers, Foreign fertilizer producers, Foreign glass producers, Foreign manufacturers exporting to U.S., Foreign manufacturers exporting to the U.S., Foreign solar product manufacturers, Foreign steel producers, Russian manufacturers of covered products, Vietnamese manufacturers of covered products

Government
16 mentions across 10 clauses
-14 negative ?2 uncertain

Congress, Customs and Border Protection, Department of Treasury

Trade
6 mentions across 6 clauses
+1 positive -5 negative

Importers of covered products, U.S. importers from partner countries, U.S. importers of covered products

Positive-direction: U.S. importers from partner countries

Negative-direction: Importers of covered products, U.S. importers of covered products

Foreign Entities
4 mentions across 2 clauses
+2 positive -2 negative

Countries with strong environmental standards (e.g., EU, Canada, Japan), Countries with unverifiable emission data, Countries with verifiable low-emission production

Positive-direction: Countries with strong environmental standards (e.g., EU, Canada, Japan), Countries with verifiable low-emission production

Negative-direction: Countries with unverifiable emission data, Nonmarket economy countries (e.g., China)

Research & Science
2 mentions across 1 clause
+2 positive

Greenhouse gas accounting researchers, National Laboratories

Carbon Capture
1 mention across 1 clause
+1 positive

Carbon capture and sequestration companies

Recycling
1 mention across 1 clause
+1 positive

Recycled materials producers

16/18
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Trade Foreign Policy Science & Space Energy
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of the Treasury
"the_administrator"
→ Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency

Key Definitions

Terms defined in this bill

6 terms
"covered product" §4696

Articles in categories including aluminum, steel, cement, fertilizer, glass, hydrogen, solar products, and battery inputs classified by HTS codes

"baseline pollution intensity" §4691(4)

The pollution intensity associated with production of a covered product in the United States

"country of origin" §4691(7)

For steel, where melted and poured; for aluminum, where smelted and cast; for others, where produced or last substantially transformed

"foreign entity of concern" §4691(10)

As defined in Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act section 40207(a)(5)

"nonmarket economy country" §4691(15)

Foreign country determined by Commerce Secretary to not operate on market principles of cost or pricing structures

"pollution intensity" §4691(17)

Amount of pollution in metric tons of CO2 equivalent emitted in production of a metric ton of a covered product

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology