S1260-119

In Committee

Rural Housing Service Reform Act of 2025

119th Congress Introduced Apr 2, 2025

Analysis under review: This bill has generated analysis that may be too generic or incomplete. Clause-level evidence remains available below.

Summary

What This Bill Does

The bill requires the Secretary of Agriculture to study and report on the Section 521 rural housing loan subsidy program, including total subsidies provided, recapture rates, and costs of recapturing subsidies, authorizes appropriations for USDA Rural Housing Service staffing increases and IT upgrades for fiscal years 2026-2030, and authorizes appropriations for FY 2026 for technology improvements at USDA Rural Housing Service, with a 5-year availability period. It relies on grants, definition changes, reporting requirements, and appropriations. The main policy areas are Finance, Rural Housing, Affordable Housing, and Social Welfare.

Who Benefits and How

USDA Rural Housing Service could gain revenue opportunities, Rural housing voucher recipients could gain revenue opportunities, and Owners of rural multifamily housing (Section 514/515/516 properties) could gain revenue opportunities.

Who Bears the Burden and How

USDA Rural Housing Service would take on compliance duties and Government Accountability Office would take on compliance duties.

Key Provisions

  • Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to study and report on the Section 521 rural housing loan subsidy program, including total subsidies provided, recapture rates, and costs of recapturing subsidies.
  • Authorizes appropriations for USDA Rural Housing Service staffing increases and IT upgrades for fiscal years 2026-2030.
  • Authorizes appropriations for FY 2026 for technology improvements at USDA Rural Housing Service, with a 5-year availability period.
  • Establishes a permanent housing preservation and revitalization program for rural multifamily housing projects financed under Sections 514, 515, or 516.
  • Creates detailed statutory text establishing the housing preservation program with loan restructuring authority and technical assistance grants.

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

The bill requires the Secretary of Agriculture to study and report on the Section 521 rural housing loan subsidy program, including total subsidies provided, recapture rates, and costs of recapturing subsidies, authorizes appropriations for USDA Rural Housing Service staffing increases and IT upgrades for fiscal years 2026-2030, and authorizes appropriations for FY 2026 for technology improvements at USDA Rural Housing Service, with a 5-year availability period.

Key Policy Areas

Finance, Rural Housing, Affordable Housing, Social Welfare

Primary Purpose

The bill requires the Secretary of Agriculture to study and report on the Section 521 rural housing loan subsidy program, including total subsidies provided, recapture rates, and costs of recapturing subsidies, authorizes appropriations for USDA Rural Housing Service staffing increases and IT upgrades for fiscal years 2026-2030, and authorizes appropriations for FY 2026 for technology improvements at USDA Rural Housing Service, with a 5-year availability period.

Policy Domains

Finance Rural Housing Affordable Housing Social Welfare

Title I - General Provisions

Identified Gains
  • USDA Rural Housing Service
  • Rural housing voucher recipients
  • Owners of rural multifamily housing (Section 514/515/516 properties)
  • Original Section 502 guaranteed loan borrowers
  • Native Community Development Financial Institutions
Model: codex-gpt-5:bulk-repair | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: is
USDA Rural Housing Service: ,
Rural housing voucher recipients: ,
Original Section 502 guaranteed loan borrowers:
Native Community Development Financial Institutions:
Owners of rural multifamily housing (Section 514/515/516 properties):
Identified Costs
  • USDA Rural Housing Service
  • Government Accountability Office
Model: codex-gpt-5:bulk-repair | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: is
USDA Rural Housing Service: , , , ,
Government Accountability Office:

Legislative Progress

In Committee
Introduced Committee Passed
Apr 2, 2025

Ms. Smith (for herself, Mr. Rounds, Mr. Daines, Mr. Fetterman, …

Apr 2, 2025

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, …

Apr 2, 2025

Introduced in Senate

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Real Estate
16 mentions across 12 clauses
+16 positive

Low-income rural farm housing owners, Low-income rural residents, Low-income rural tenants

Government
9 mentions across 9 clauses
+3 positive -6 negative

Government Accountability Office, Public housing authorities, USDA Rural Housing Service

USDA Rural Housing Service faces effects in multiple directions

Positive-direction: Public housing authorities

Negative-direction: Government Accountability Office

Advocacy Groups
4 mentions across 4 clauses
+4 positive

Nonprofit affordable housing organizations, Nonprofit community development organizations, Nonprofit housing organizations

Technology
2 mentions across 2 clauses
+2 positive

Federal IT contractors and service providers, Information technology vendors

Social Services
2 mentions across 1 clause
+2 positive

Home-based childcare providers in rural areas, Tribal organization-regulated childcare providers

Credit Intermediation
1 mention across 1 clause
+1 positive

Native Community Development Financial Institutions

Construction
1 mention across 1 clause
+1 positive

Rural home improvement contractors

Tribal Nations
1 mention across 1 clause
+1 positive

Federally recognized Indian Tribes

22/24
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Finance Rural Housing Affordable Housing Social Welfare
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of Agriculture
Domains
Affordable Housing Rural Housing
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of Agriculture
Domains
Native American Affairs Rural Housing Community Development
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of Agriculture
Domains
Agriculture Rural Housing
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of Agriculture
Domains
Community Development Rural Housing
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of Agriculture
Domains
Government Oversight Rural Housing
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of Agriculture
"the_comptroller_general"
→ Comptroller General of the United States (GAO)
Domains
Affordable Housing Rural Housing
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of Agriculture
Domains
Affordable Housing Rural Housing
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of Agriculture
Domains
Rural Housing Federal Programs
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of Agriculture
Domains
Rural Housing Federal Programs
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of Agriculture
Domains
Rural Housing Federal Programs
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of Agriculture

Note: The Secretary refers to Secretary of Agriculture consistently throughout all titles of this bill

Key Definitions

Terms defined in this bill

7 terms
"Alaska Native" §301

Has the meaning given the term Native in section 3(b) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602(b))

"eligible entity" §501

A private, nonprofit community-based housing or community development organization; a rural community; or a federally recognized Indian Tribe

"State" §903

Has the meaning given in section 658P of the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 9858n)

"accessory dwelling unit" §1001

A single, habitable living unit with means of separate ingress and egress, that is usually subordinate in size, that can be added to, created within, or detached from a primary 1-family dwelling

"Native CDFI" §301-2

A community development financial institution (as defined in section 103 of the Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994) that primarily serves and is governed by Alaska Natives, members of Indian Tribes, or Native Hawaiians

"eligible intermediary" §501-2

A qualified private, nonprofit organization or public organization

"Tribal organization" §903-2

Has the meaning given in section 658P of the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 9858n)

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology