HR5427-119

In Committee

Billionaires Income Tax Act

119th Congress Introduced Sep 17, 2025

At a Glance

Read full bill text

Legislative Progress

In Committee
Introduced Committee Passed
Sep 17, 2025

Mr. Cohen (for himself, Mr. Beyer, Ms. Tlaib, Mr. García …

Primary Purpose

Impose annual mark-to-market taxation on billionaires and ultra-wealthy taxpayers (with over $100M income or $1B assets) to eliminate tax deferral strategies like 'buy, borrow, die' and require them to pay taxes on unrealized gains.

Policy Domains

Taxation Income Tax Capital Gains Estate Tax Wealth Taxation

Legislative Strategy

"Close the 'buy, borrow, die' loophole by requiring annual taxation of unrealized gains for ultra-wealthy taxpayers, while also closing related tax avoidance strategies through trusts, pass-through entities, deferred compensation, and other mechanisms."

Likely Beneficiaries

  • Federal government (increased tax revenue from ultra-wealthy)
  • General public (reduced federal deficit or increased funding for public services)
  • Working taxpayers (reduced perception of unfairness in tax system)

Likely Burden Bearers

  • Ultra-high-net-worth individuals (billionaires and those with $100M+ income)
  • Private equity and hedge fund managers using pass-through entities
  • Trust beneficiaries and estate planners for wealthy families
  • Life insurance and annuity industry (private placement products)
  • Tax advisors and wealth managers serving ultra-wealthy clients
  • Companies issuing deferred compensation to executives

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Taxation
Domains
Income Tax Capital Gains Mark-to-Market Taxation
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of the Treasury
Domains
Income Tax Net Investment Tax Expatriation Tax
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of the Treasury
Domains
Income Tax Like-Kind Exchanges Trusts
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of the Treasury
Domains
Income Tax Deferred Compensation Life Insurance
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of the Treasury
Domains
Income Tax Capital Gains Exclusions Opportunity Zones
Actor Mappings
"the_secretary"
→ Secretary of the Treasury

Key Definitions

Terms defined in this bill

8 terms
"taxable event" §491(b)

The holding of a tradable covered asset as of the close of any taxable year for which taxpayer is an applicable taxpayer, OR any disregarded nonrecognition event.

"covered asset" §497(a)

Any asset other than: interests in applicable savings plans or defined benefit plans, cash or cash equivalents, or private placement life insurance or annuity contracts.

"tradable covered asset" §497(b)

Any covered asset if interests are traded on an established securities market, readily tradable on a secondary market, available on an online platform matching buyers/sellers, or for which the Secretary determines there is a reasonable basis to determine fair market value annually.

"nontradable covered asset" §497(c)

Any covered asset which is not a tradable covered asset.

"disregarded nonrecognition event" §498(b)

Exchanges under Section 351 or 1031, certain transfers involving C corporations, or other transactions the Secretary determines necessary to prevent avoidance of this part.

"applicable entity" §493(b)(4)

A pass-through entity (partnership, S corporation, or entity treated as partnership for tax purposes) in which an applicable taxpayer is a significant owner.

"applicable taxpayer" §495(a)(1)

Any individual who meets the income test (adjusted gross income over $100M, or $50M if married filing separately) OR the asset test (aggregate value of covered assets over $1B, or $500M if married filing separately) for each of the 3 immediately preceding taxable years. Also includes applicable trusts and estates of individuals who were applicable taxpayers.

"applicable deferred compensation" §409B(c)(2)

Compensation subject to Section 83 deferred beyond the normal vesting period, or other deferred compensation under Section 409A or similar arrangements.

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology