HR495-119

Passed House

To require annual reports on counter illicit cross-border tunnel operations, and for other purposes.

119th Congress Introduced Jan 16, 2025

Summary

What This Bill Does

The Subterranean Border Defense Act amends section 7134(a)(2) of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023. That provision required reporting related to a strategic plan for countering illicit cross-border tunnels. This bill inserts the words "and annually thereafter" after the plan-development trigger, converting the reporting requirement from a one-time report into a recurring annual report.

The bill is narrow, but its practical effect is to keep Congress regularly informed on tunnel detection, interdiction, and disruption efforts along the border. Annual reporting can surface changes in illicit tunnel tactics, resource needs for subterranean surveillance, coordination between DHS components, and progress against tunnel networks used for drug trafficking, human smuggling, or other cross-border crime.

Who Benefits and How

House homeland-security overseers, Senate homeland-security overseers, Customs and Border Protection tunnel interdiction teams, Border Patrol sectors facing tunnel activity, border communities affected by smuggling tunnels, and federal planners buying tunnel-detection technology benefit because they receive recurring oversight data rather than a single snapshot of the strategic plan.

Who Bears the Burden and How

The Department of Homeland Security, Customs and Border Protection reporting staff, Border Patrol tunnel-response units, DHS intelligence analysts, DHS technology offices, and counter-tunnel program managers must gather annual information, assess operations, document progress, and support repeated congressional reporting.

Key Provisions

  • Amends the fiscal year 2023 NDAA counter illicit cross-border tunnel reporting requirement.
  • Requires annual reports after development of the strategic plan.
  • Extends congressional visibility into tunnel detection, interdiction, and disruption operations.
  • Supports recurring oversight of DHS subterranean border defense planning.

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

Makes DHS reporting on the counter illicit cross-border tunnel strategic plan annual by amending the fiscal year 2023 NDAA requirement to add reports every year after the plan is developed.

Key Policy Areas

Border Security, Homeland Security, Congressional Oversight

Primary Purpose

Makes DHS reporting on the counter illicit cross-border tunnel strategic plan annual by amending the fiscal year 2023 NDAA requirement to add reports every year after the plan is developed.

Policy Domains

Border Security Homeland Security Congressional Oversight

Substantive provisions

Identified Gains
  • House homeland-security overseers
  • Senate homeland-security overseers
  • Customs and Border Protection tunnel interdiction teams
  • Border Patrol sectors facing tunnel activity
  • Border communities affected by smuggling tunnels
  • Federal planners buying tunnel-detection technology
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: ih
House homeland-security overseers:
Senate homeland-security overseers:
Border Patrol sectors facing tunnel activity:
Border communities affected by smuggling tunnels:
Federal planners buying tunnel-detection technology:
Customs and Border Protection tunnel interdiction teams:
Identified Costs
  • Department of Homeland Security
  • Customs and Border Protection reporting staff
  • Border Patrol tunnel-response units
  • DHS intelligence analysts
  • DHS technology offices
  • Counter-tunnel program managers
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: ih
DHS technology offices:
DHS intelligence analysts:
Counter-tunnel program managers:
Department of Homeland Security:
Border Patrol tunnel-response units:
Customs and Border Protection reporting staff:

Legislative Progress

Passed House
Introduced Committee Passed
Mar 11, 2025

Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland …

Mar 11, 2025 (inferred)

Passed House (inferred from eh version)

Jan 16, 2025

Mr. Crane (for himself, Mr. Correa, Mr. Biggs of Arizona, …

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Government
7 mentions across 1 clause
+4 positive -3 negative

Border Patrol sectors facing tunnel activity, Counter-tunnel program managers, Customs and Border Protection tunnel interdiction teams

Positive-direction: Border Patrol sectors facing tunnel activity, Customs and Border Protection tunnel interdiction teams, House homeland-security overseers, Senate homeland-security overseers

Negative-direction: Counter-tunnel program managers, DHS intelligence analysts, Department of Homeland Security

1/2
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Border Security Homeland Security Congressional Oversight
Actor Mappings
"cbp"
→ Customs and Border Protection
"dhs"
→ Department of Homeland Security

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology