HR3142-118

Introduced

To amend title 18, United States Code, to provide an affirmative defense for certain criminal violations, and for other purposes.

118th Congress Introduced May 9, 2023

Summary

What This Bill Does

The bill requires certain affirmative defenses Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new chapter: 124Affirmative defenses 2730.Affirmative defense for certain criminal violations and requires affirmative defense for certain criminal violations It shall be an affirmative defense to a violation of this title if: A person is justified in using, threatening, or attempting to use force, except deadly. It relies on definition changes and compliance mandates. The main policy areas are Airlines, Transportation, and Criminal Justice.

Who Benefits and How

Public beneficiaries or protected communities affected by the clause could face reduced risk.

Who Bears the Burden and How

Federal, state, or local agencies responsible for implementing the clause would take on compliance duties, Law enforcement, justice-system actors, and affected communities would take on compliance duties, and Aviation operators and passengers affected by the bill would take on compliance duties.

Key Provisions

  • Requires certain affirmative defenses Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new chapter: 124Affirmative defenses 2730.Affirmative defense for certain criminal violations...
  • Requires affirmative defense for certain criminal violations It shall be an affirmative defense to a violation of this title if: A person is justified in using, threatening, or attempting to use force, except deadly...

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

The bill requires certain affirmative defenses Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new chapter: 124Affirmative defenses 2730.Affirmative defense for certain criminal violations and requires affirmative defense for certain criminal violations It shall be an affirmative defense to a violation of this title if: A person is justified in using, threatening, or attempting to use force, except deadly.

Key Policy Areas

Airlines, Transportation, Criminal Justice

Primary Purpose

The bill requires certain affirmative defenses Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new chapter: 124Affirmative defenses 2730.Affirmative defense for certain criminal violations and requires affirmative defense for certain criminal violations It shall be an affirmative defense to a violation of this title if: A person is justified in using, threatening, or attempting to use force, except deadly.

Policy Domains

Airlines Transportation Criminal Justice

Whole bill

Identified Gains
  • Public beneficiaries or protected communities affected by the clause
Model: codex-gpt-5:bulk-repair | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: ih
Public beneficiaries or protected communities affected by the clause: ,
Identified Costs
  • Federal, state, or local agencies responsible for implementing the clause
  • Law enforcement, justice-system actors, and affected communities
  • Aviation operators and passengers affected by the bill
Model: codex-gpt-5:bulk-repair | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: ih
Aviation operators and passengers affected by the bill: ,
Law enforcement, justice-system actors, and affected communities: ,
Federal, state, or local agencies responsible for implementing the clause: ,

Legislative Progress

Introduced
Introduced Committee Passed
May 9, 2023

Mr. Gaetz (for himself, Mr. Biggs, Mr. Gosar, Mr. Burlison, …

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Law Enforcement
2 mentions across 2 clauses
-2 negative

Law enforcement, justice-system actors, and affected communities

2/3
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Airlines Transportation Criminal Justice

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology