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Referenced Laws
42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.
42 U.S.C. 3602
42 U.S.C. 1437f
42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.
42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.
45 U.S.C. 231 et seq.
42 U.S.C. 3604
42 U.S.C. 3605
42 U.S.C. 3606
42 U.S.C. 3607
42 U.S.C. 3608(e)(6)
42 U.S.C. 3610(f)
42 U.S.C. 3631
42 U.S.C. 3616a
42 U.S.C. 3545(m)
chapter 1
Section 1
1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Landlord Accountability Act of 2025.
Section 2
2. Prohibiting housing discrimination based on source of income The Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.) is amended— in section 802 (42 U.S.C. 3602), by adding at the end the following: Source of income includes— current and future use of a tenant- or project-based housing voucher under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f) and any form of Federal, State, or local housing assistance provided to a person or family or provided to a housing owner on behalf of a person or family, including rental vouchers, rental assistance, down payment assistance, other homeownership assistance, assistance to cover housing costs, and other rental and homeownership subsidies, or guarantees or financial assistance provided through government and nongovernment organizations, including both receipt of such assistance and compliance with its terms thereof; income received as a monthly benefit under title II of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.), as a supplemental security income benefit under title XVI of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.), or as a benefit under the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 (45 U.S.C. 231 et seq.) or income provided through Federal, State, or local governments or nongovernment organizations, or through any public or State-supported general or disability income assistance program or the terms of such income; income received by court order, including spousal support and child support; any payment from a trust, guardian, conservator, co-signer, or relative; and any other source of income or funds, including savings accounts and investments. in section 804 (42 U.S.C. 3604)— by inserting source of income, after familial status, each place that term appears; and in section 805 (42 U.S.C. 3605)— in subsection (a), by inserting source of income, after familial status,; and in subsection (c), by inserting source of income, after handicap,; in section 806 (42 U.S.C. 3606), by inserting source of income, after familial status,; in section 807 (42 U.S.C. 3607), by adding at the end the following new subsection: Nothing under this title shall be construed to prohibit any entity from providing a preference for veterans or based on veteran status in the sale or rental of a dwelling or in the provision of services or facilities in connection therewith. in section 808(e)(6) (42 U.S.C. 3608(e)(6)), by inserting source of income, after handicap,; and in section 810(f) (42 U.S.C. 3610(f)), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following: During the period beginning on the date of enactment of the Landlord Accountability Act of 2025 and ending on the date that is 40 months after such date of enactment, each agency certified for purposes of this title on the day before such date of enactment shall, for purposes of this subsection, be considered certified under this subsection with respect to those matters for which the agency was certified on that date. If the Secretary determines in an individual case that an agency has not been able to meet the certification requirements within this 40-month period due to exceptional circumstances, such as the infrequency of legislative sessions in that jurisdiction, the Secretary may extend such period by not more than 6 months. Section 901 of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3631) is amended by inserting source of income (as defined in section 802), before or national origin each place that term appears. There is authorized to be appropriated for contracts, grants, and other assistance— $90,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2035 for the Fair Housing Initiatives Program under section 561 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987 (42 U.S.C. 3616a); $47,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2035 for the Fair Housing Assistance Program under the Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 3601 et seq.); and $3,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2028 to the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for a carrying out national media campaign to raise public awareness to help individuals understand their expanded rights under the Fair Housing Act and learn how to report incidents of housing discrimination. (p)Source of income includes—(1)current and future use of a tenant- or project-based housing voucher under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f) and any form of Federal, State, or local housing assistance provided to a person or family or provided to a housing owner on behalf of a person or family, including rental vouchers, rental assistance, down payment assistance, other homeownership assistance, assistance to cover housing costs, and other rental and homeownership subsidies, or guarantees or financial assistance provided through government and nongovernment organizations, including both receipt of such assistance and compliance with its terms thereof;(2)income received as a monthly benefit under title II of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.), as a supplemental security income benefit under title XVI of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.), or as a benefit under the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 (45 U.S.C. 231 et seq.) or income provided through Federal, State, or local governments or nongovernment organizations, or through any public or State-supported general or disability income assistance program or the terms of such income;(3)income received by court order, including spousal support and child support;(4)any payment from a trust, guardian, conservator, co-signer, or relative; and(5)any other source of income or funds, including savings accounts and investments.; (c)Nothing under this title shall be construed to prohibit any entity from providing a preference for veterans or based on veteran status in the sale or rental of a dwelling or in the provision of services or facilities in connection therewith.; (4)During the period beginning on the date of enactment of the Landlord Accountability Act of 2025 and ending on the date that is 40 months after such date of enactment, each agency certified for purposes of this title on the day before such date of enactment shall, for purposes of this subsection, be considered certified under this subsection with respect to those matters for which the agency was certified on that date. If the Secretary determines in an individual case that an agency has not been able to meet the certification requirements within this 40-month period due to exceptional circumstances, such as the infrequency of legislative sessions in that jurisdiction, the Secretary may extend such period by not more than 6 months..
Section 3
3. Penalties for intentional acts to disqualify dwelling units from eligibility for Federal housing programs An owner of a dwelling unit that is available for rental may not take any action, or fail to take any action, with the intent to make the dwelling unit insufficiently decent, safe, sanitary, or inhabitable, or cause such other physical condition, so that the dwelling does not qualify for assistance within the jurisdiction of the Department (as such term is defined in section 102(m) of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Reform Act of 1989 (42 U.S.C. 3545(m))). Any person who is found by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, after notice and opportunity for a hearing in accordance with section 554 of title 5, United States Code, to have violated subsection (a) shall be assessed a civil money penalty by the Secretary in the amount of $100,000 for each such action or failure to act. A tenant who, at the time of a violation under subsection (a), occupies the dwelling unit to which the violation relates may bring a civil action for damages in the following amounts: $50,000 for each action or failure to act in violation of subsection (a). Any actual damages and costs to the tenant resulting from the violation, including any costs of finding a replacement dwelling unit.
Section 4
4. Penalities for vacant units In the case of a dwelling unit that is located in a multifamily housing project, qualifies for assistance within the jurisdiction of the Department (as such term is defined in section 102(m) of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Reform Act of 1989 (42 U.S.C. 3545 (m))), is available for rental, and is found, after notice and opportunity for a hearing in accordance with section 554 of title 5, United States Code, to be intentionally left vacant by the owner for a period of more than 60 days that begins as provided under subsection (b), the owner shall be assessed a civil money penalty in the amount of $100,000 for every 30 days that the unit is found to be intentionally left vacant. In the case of a dwelling unit that has not previously been occupied, such 60-day period shall commence on the day that the unit is first habitable for occupancy, as determined by the Secretary. In the case of a dwelling unit that has previously been occupied, such 60-day period shall commence on the day that the unit was vacated by the most recent tenant. In making a determination with respect to a violation under subsection (a)— the Secretary shall presume, subject to paragraph (2), that a dwelling unit that is vacant during any period between tenancies that the unit is being repaired, updated, renovated, or refurbished is not available for rental during such period; and the Secretary shall treat such presumption as having been rebutted upon a showing by a prospective tenant, or agent thereof, that a reasonable period of time for such updating, renovation, or refurbishment elapsed.
Section 5
5. Resources for receiving and resolving complaints regarding multifamily housing projects The Secretary shall, not later than the expiration of the 180-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, increase the staffing level for the Multifamily Housing Complaint Line established and operated by the Multifamily Housing Clearinghouse of the Department so that it is sufficient and appropriate to handle the volume of calls received without unreasonable waiting periods. For carrying out paragraph (1), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as may be necessary for each fiscal year for carrying out paragraph (1). The Secretary shall carry out a Multifamily Housing Complaint Resolution Program for receiving complaints about multifamily housing projects from voucher users who reside in such projects and local governmental officials, under which the Secretary shall provide for— gathering of information regarding each such complaint; determining whether there is a likelihood that there is any violation of the requirements under the rental assistance voucher program relating to such complaint; informing the owner or landlord of the complaint and any violations; and attempting to resolve the complaint and violations, including through mediation. The Secretary may provide for carrying out the activities required under paragraph (1)(D) through regional or field offices of the Department or through such local or private organizations or agencies as the Secretary determines have appropriate capabilities and expertise to carry out such activities. Amounts made available for administrative fees under section 8(q) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(q)) shall be available for carrying out the program under this subsection. Not later than the expiration of the 12-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue any regulations necessary to establish the Program required under this subsection.
Section 6
6. HUD disclosure of landlord complaints The Secretary shall publicly disclose, on a website of the Department and on a timely basis, information regarding each complaint received under the Program establish pursuant to section 5(b), which shall include for each such complaint— the nature of the complaint; the date on which such complaint was submitted to the Department; the disposition, as of the time of such disclosure, of such complaint; and information identifying the multifamily housing project to which such complaint relates. The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall submit a report annually to the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate summarizing the complaints described in subsection (a) that were received by the Department during the preceding year and describing the disposition to such date of such complaints.
Section 7
7. Tax credit incentive for maintenance of multifamily housing with voucher user tenants Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new section: For purposes of section 38, in the case of an eligible landlord, the low-income housing maintenance credit determined under this section for the taxable year is an amount equal to the amount of the taxpayer’s low-income housing maintenance expenses for such taxable year. The credit allowed under subsection (a) with respect to any taxpayer for any taxable year shall not exceed the product of $2,500 multiplied by the number of low-income housing units owned by the taxpayer. The credit allowed under subsection (a) with respect to any taxpayer for any taxable year shall not exceed the product of $100,000 multiplied by the number of eligible low-income housing projects owned by the taxpayer. The credit allowed under subsection (a) with respect to any taxpayer for any taxable year shall not exceed $500,000. For purposes of this section, the term eligible landlord means any taxpayer for any taxable year if— such taxpayer owns one or more eligible low-income housing projects during such taxable year, and either— each complaint that is filed, under the program under section 5(b) of the Landlord Accountability Act of 2025, during such taxable year with respect to a dwelling unit in an eligible low-income housing project owned by such taxpayer has been determined by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to have been remedied not later than the date which is 30 days after the date on which such complaint is so filed, or no such complaint has been filed with respect to such a dwelling unit in such a housing project owned by such taxpayer during such taxable year. For purposes of this section— The term low-income housing maintenance expenses means the aggregate amount paid or incurred by the taxpayer during the taxable year for maintenance or improvement of low-income housing units. The term eligible low-income housing project means, with respect to a taxable year, a housing project— that consists of five or more dwelling units at least one of which was occupied during such year by a family who rented the dwelling unit using a voucher for rental assistance under section 8(o) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)); and with respect to which the eligible landlord has entered into such binding agreements as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall require to ensure that rents for dwelling units in the project do not, at any time after the taxable year in which a low-income housing maintenance credit under this section is allowable, exceed the applicable fair market rental under section 8(c) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(c)) for the market area in which the project is located. The term low-income housing unit means a dwelling unit within an eligible low-income housing project. All persons treated as a single employer under subsection (a) or (b) of section 52 or subsection (m) or (o) of section 414 shall be treated as one person for purposes of applying this section. The credit determined under subsection (a) (after application of subsection (b)) shall be allocated among such persons in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe. No credit shall be determined under this section with respect to any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2035. Section 38(b) of such Code is amended by striking plus at the end of paragraph (37), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (38) and inserting , plus, and by adding at the end the following new paragraph: in the case of an eligible landlord (as defined in section 45AA(c)), the low-income housing maintenance credit determined under section 45AA. The table of sections for subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item: The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025. 45AA.Low-income housing maintenance credit(a)In generalFor purposes of section 38, in the case of an eligible landlord, the low-income housing maintenance credit determined under this section for the taxable year is an amount equal to the amount of the taxpayer’s low-income housing maintenance expenses for such taxable year.(b)Limitations(1)Per unit limitationThe credit allowed under subsection (a) with respect to any taxpayer for any taxable year shall not exceed the product of $2,500 multiplied by the number of low-income housing units owned by the taxpayer.(2)Per building limitationThe credit allowed under subsection (a) with respect to any taxpayer for any taxable year shall not exceed the product of $100,000 multiplied by the number of eligible low-income housing projects owned by the taxpayer.(3)Per taxpayer limitationThe credit allowed under subsection (a) with respect to any taxpayer for any taxable year shall not exceed $500,000.(c)Eligible landlordFor purposes of this section, the term eligible landlord means any taxpayer for any taxable year if—(1)such taxpayer owns one or more eligible low-income housing projects during such taxable year, and(2)either—(A)each complaint that is filed, under the program under section 5(b) of the Landlord Accountability Act of 2025, during such taxable year with respect to a dwelling unit in an eligible low-income housing project owned by such taxpayer has been determined by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to have been remedied not later than the date which is 30 days after the date on which such complaint is so filed, or(B)no such complaint has been filed with respect to such a dwelling unit in such a housing project owned by such taxpayer during such taxable year.(d)Other definitionsFor purposes of this section—(1)Low-income housing maintenance expensesThe term low-income housing maintenance expenses means the aggregate amount paid or incurred by the taxpayer during the taxable year for maintenance or improvement of low-income housing units.(2)Eligible low-income housing projectThe term eligible low-income housing project means, with respect to a taxable year, a housing project—(A)that consists of five or more dwelling units at least one of which was occupied during such year by a family who rented the dwelling unit using a voucher for rental assistance under section 8(o) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)); and(B)with respect to which the eligible landlord has entered into such binding agreements as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall require to ensure that rents for dwelling units in the project do not, at any time after the taxable year in which a low-income housing maintenance credit under this section is allowable, exceed the applicable fair market rental under section 8(c) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(c)) for the market area in which the project is located.(3)Low-income housing unitThe term low-income housing unit means a dwelling unit within an eligible low-income housing project.(e)Aggregation ruleAll persons treated as a single employer under subsection (a) or (b) of section 52 or subsection (m) or (o) of section 414 shall be treated as one person for purposes of applying this section. The credit determined under subsection (a) (after application of subsection (b)) shall be allocated among such persons in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe.(f)TerminationNo credit shall be determined under this section with respect to any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2035.. (39)in the case of an eligible landlord (as defined in section 45AA(c)), the low-income housing maintenance credit determined under section 45AA.. Sec. 45AA. Low-income housing maintenance credit..
Section 8
45AA. Low-income housing maintenance credit For purposes of section 38, in the case of an eligible landlord, the low-income housing maintenance credit determined under this section for the taxable year is an amount equal to the amount of the taxpayer’s low-income housing maintenance expenses for such taxable year. The credit allowed under subsection (a) with respect to any taxpayer for any taxable year shall not exceed the product of $2,500 multiplied by the number of low-income housing units owned by the taxpayer. The credit allowed under subsection (a) with respect to any taxpayer for any taxable year shall not exceed the product of $100,000 multiplied by the number of eligible low-income housing projects owned by the taxpayer. The credit allowed under subsection (a) with respect to any taxpayer for any taxable year shall not exceed $500,000. For purposes of this section, the term eligible landlord means any taxpayer for any taxable year if— such taxpayer owns one or more eligible low-income housing projects during such taxable year, and either— each complaint that is filed, under the program under section 5(b) of the Landlord Accountability Act of 2025, during such taxable year with respect to a dwelling unit in an eligible low-income housing project owned by such taxpayer has been determined by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development to have been remedied not later than the date which is 30 days after the date on which such complaint is so filed, or no such complaint has been filed with respect to such a dwelling unit in such a housing project owned by such taxpayer during such taxable year. For purposes of this section— The term low-income housing maintenance expenses means the aggregate amount paid or incurred by the taxpayer during the taxable year for maintenance or improvement of low-income housing units. The term eligible low-income housing project means, with respect to a taxable year, a housing project— that consists of five or more dwelling units at least one of which was occupied during such year by a family who rented the dwelling unit using a voucher for rental assistance under section 8(o) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)); and with respect to which the eligible landlord has entered into such binding agreements as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall require to ensure that rents for dwelling units in the project do not, at any time after the taxable year in which a low-income housing maintenance credit under this section is allowable, exceed the applicable fair market rental under section 8(c) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(c)) for the market area in which the project is located. The term low-income housing unit means a dwelling unit within an eligible low-income housing project. All persons treated as a single employer under subsection (a) or (b) of section 52 or subsection (m) or (o) of section 414 shall be treated as one person for purposes of applying this section. The credit determined under subsection (a) (after application of subsection (b)) shall be allocated among such persons in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe. No credit shall be determined under this section with respect to any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2035.
Section 9
8. Public display of tenant’s rights and complaint line An owner of a multifamily housing project which qualifies for assistance within the jurisdiction of the Department (as such term is defined in section 102(m) of the Department of Housing and Urban Reform Act of 1989 (42 U.S.C. 3545 (m)) shall display, at all times and in clear and conspicuous location on each floor of such project that contains any dwelling unit, a written notice that includes— a statement describing the rights under Federal law afforded to tenants of the project; the phone number for the Multifamily Housing Complaint Line established and operated by the Multifamily Housing Clearinghouse; and the phone number for a regional or local office of the Department which can provide tenants additional information regarding State and local resources for tenants. The notice required under subparagraph (a) shall be made available to tenants in English and in Spanish, as well as any additional languages the owner may feel necessary. Any person who is found by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, after notice and opportunity for a hearing in accordance with section 554 of title 5, United States Code, to have failed to make a good faith effort to display notice complying with subsection (a) may be assessed a civil money penalty by the Secretary in the amount of $500 for each day of each such failure, except that the Secretary shall waive such penalty in any case in which an owner cures such violation within the 5-day period beginning upon notice by the Secretary of such violation. Not later than the expiration of the 12-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop and publish in the Federal Register a model notice that fulfills the requirements under subsections (a)(1) and (a)(2). The Secretary shall make copies of the notice developed pursuant to paragraph (1) available, upon request, to owners of multifamily housing projects. Subsections (a) and (b) shall apply beginning upon the expiration of the 60-day period that begins on the date that the Secretary publishes notice in the Federal Register pursuant to subsection (c)(1). Not later than the expiration of the 180-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue regulations to carry out this section.
Section 10
9. Grants for tenant harassment prevention programs The Secretary may, to the extent amounts are made available for grants under this section, make grants to States, Indian tribes, units of local government, and nonprofit, nongovernmental affordable housing organizations to develop, expand, or assist tenant harassment prevention programs. For purposes of this section, the term tenant harassment prevention program means any program or activities designed to protect, assist, or educate tenants of residential rental dwelling units regarding harassing or illegal behavior by their landlords intended to force the tenant to vacate the dwelling unit or surrender any of their rights as tenants. Such term includes programs and activities providing legal assistance, counseling, education, intervention, complaint processes. The amount of a grant under this section for any tenant harassment prevention program may not exceed 75 percent of the total costs of the program or activities to be carried out, including administrative costs. The Secretary shall provide for eligible entities specified in subsection (a) to apply for grants under this section, which applications shall describe the tenant harassment prevention program to be assisted with grant amounts, the activities to be carried out under the program, and the projected costs of such activities. The Secretary shall select applicants to receive grants based on criteria that the Secretary shall establish. There are authorized to be appropriated $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028 for grants under this section.
Section 11
10. Definitions For purposes of this Act, the following definitions shall apply: The term multifamily housing project means a housing project consisting of five or more dwelling units. The term rental assistance voucher means a voucher for rental assistance made available under section 8(o) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)). The term Secretary means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. The term voucher user means a family who is renting a dwelling unit using a rental assistance voucher.
Section 12
11. Regulations The Secretary may issue any regulations necessary to carry out this Act.