HR2032-119

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Boosting Innovation, Technology, and Competitiveness through Optimized Investment Nationwide Act of 2025 or the BITCOIN Act of 2025.

2. Findings Congress finds the following: The global financial landscape is rapidly evolving, with digital assets playing an increasingly significant role in the world economy. Bitcoin has demonstrated resilience, widespread adoption, and served as a medium of exchange and a store of value for more than a decade. Just as gold reserves have historically served as a cornerstone of national financial security, Bitcoin represents a digital-age asset capable of enhancing the financial leadership and security of the United States in the 21st century global economy. The acquisition and long-term storage of substantial quantities of Bitcoin by the United States can strengthen the financial condition of the United States, providing a hedge against economic uncertainty and monetary instability. Bitcoin, as a decentralized and finitely scarce digital asset, offers unique properties that complement existing national reserves, strengthening the position of the United States dollar in the global financial system. Diversification of the national assets of the United States to include Bitcoin can enhance financial resilience and position the United States at the forefront of global financial innovation.

3. Definitions In this Act: The term airdrop means a gratuitous distribution of digital assets to holders of Bitcoin in a broad, equitable, and non-discretionary manner. The term Bitcoin Purchase Program means the program established under section 5(a). The term cold storage means a method of storing private keys required to transact in Bitcoin, with a nexus to a secure physical location, protected from unauthorized access and isolated from any network connections. The term fork means a change to the consensus mechanism of a distributed ledger that creates a separate ledger, resulting in a new digital asset that shares a common transaction history with Bitcoin up to the point of the change. The term Secretary means the Secretary of the Treasury. The term Strategic Bitcoin Reserve means the decentralized network of secure Bitcoin storage facilities established pursuant to section 4(a).

4. Establishment of Strategic Bitcoin Reserve The Secretary shall establish a decentralized network of secure Bitcoin storage facilities distributed across the United States, collectively to be known as the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve for the cold storage of Government Bitcoin holdings. The Strategic Bitcoin Reserve shall be used for the generation, safekeeping, and management of Bitcoin private keys associated with Government Bitcoin holdings. The Secretary shall be responsible for the ongoing monitoring and auditing of the holdings of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve. The Secretary shall ensure that the facilities of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve are geographically dispersed throughout the United States, to minimize the risk of simultaneous compromise and to enhance the resilience of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve. The Secretary shall select the locations for the facilities described in paragraph (1) based on a comprehensive risk assessment, prioritizing geographic diversity, security, and accessibility. The Secretary shall implement state-of-the-art physical and digital security measures to protect the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve. The Secretary shall consult and collaborate with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and industry experts to ensure the highest level of physical and digital security for the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve. The Secretary shall ensure that, with respect to Bitcoins controlled by the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, all digital assets resulting from forks of the Bitcoin distributed ledger and digital assets distributed via airdrops to Bitcoin addresses are accounted for and reasonably stored in the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve. No digital asset stored in the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve that is the result of a fork or airdrop may be sold or otherwise disposed of during the 5-year period beginning on the date of the fork or airdrop, unless explicitly authorized by law. Upon the expiration of the 5-year holding period described in paragraph (2), the Secretary shall conduct an assessment to determine which digital asset resulting from a fork has the highest publicly traded market capitalization. The Secretary shall retain the digital asset with the highest publicly traded market capitalization that resulted from the fork. The Secretary may sell, auction, or otherwise dispose of any digital assets resulting from the fork other than the asset identified in subparagraph (B), with the proceeds from such disposition to be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury. If the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and industry experts, determines that a non-dominant forked asset possesses novel technological utility or strategic value to the United States distinct from the dominant asset, the Secretary may recommend to Congress the retention of such asset, notwithstanding subparagraph (C).

5. Bitcoin Purchase Program The Secretary shall establish a Bitcoin Purchase Program which shall— purchase 200,000 Bitcoins per year over a 5-year period, for a total acquisition of 1,000,000 Bitcoins; conduct purchases in a transparent and strategic manner to minimize market disruption; and hold Bitcoin acquired under this section in trust for the United States, as provided in this section. The Secretary shall, by rule, establish a procedure to adjust the purchase schedule set forth under paragraph (1), if necessary, based on prevailing market conditions. Any Bitcoin transferred to the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve under section 7 may offset the purchase requirements under paragraph (1). All Bitcoins purchased under the Bitcoin Purchase Program shall be placed in the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve. To ensure the long-term stability and security of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, the Secretary shall hold all Bitcoin acquired by the United States and deposited in the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, regardless of acquisition method, for not less than 20 years from the date of acquisition. During the minimum holding period under paragraph (1), no Bitcoin held in the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve may be sold, swapped, auctioned, encumbered, or otherwise disposed of for any purpose. On the date that is 2 years before the end of the minimum holding period under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to Congress recommendations on whether to continue to voluntarily hold or to allow for the gradual and controlled release of a portion of the holdings of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve for the sole purpose of reducing the national debt. Upon the expiration of the minimum holding period, the Secretary shall not recommend selling more than 10 percent of the assets of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve during any 2-year period. Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for a period of 20 years, the Secretary shall publish an annual public report on the status of the Bitcoin Purchase Program. Notwithstanding the purchase limit established in subsection (a)(1)(A), the United States may acquire and hold Bitcoin in excess of 1,000,000 Bitcoins if such Bitcoin is acquired through— transfers from Federal agencies pursuant to section 7; civil or criminal forfeitures; gifts or bequests made to the United States; or any other lawful means other than direct purchase under the Bitcoin Purchase Program. Any Bitcoin acquired pursuant to paragraph (1) shall— be placed in the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve; be subject to the same security, auditing, and reporting requirements as Bitcoin acquired through the Bitcoin Purchase Program; and be subject to the minimum holding period established in subsection (c)(1). Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to authorize the Secretary to purchase Bitcoin in excess of the limits established in subsection (a)(1)(A) through the Bitcoin Purchase Program. The Secretary shall coordinate Bitcoin purchases made through the Bitcoin Purchase Program with any Bitcoin purchases made through the Exchange Stabilization Fund under section 5302 of title 31, United States Code, as amended by section 11 of this Act.

6. Proof of Reserve System To ensure transparency and accountability in the management of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, the Secretary shall establish an ongoing Proof of Reserve system of public cryptographic attestation under which— the Secretary shall— publish quarterly reports on the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve that include detailed information on the total holdings, transactions, and demonstrated control of private keys relating to the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, including a public cryptographic attestation; make the quarterly reports available to the public on an official website of the Department of Treasury; and select an independent, third-party auditor with expertise in cryptographic attestations to verify the accuracy and integrity of the quarterly reports; and the Comptroller General of the United States shall, to ensure compliance with this Act, conduct regular oversight of— the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve; the quarterly reports under paragraph (1)(A); and the audits under paragraph (1)(C).

7. Consolidation of Government Bitcoin Holdings Beginning on the date of enactment of this Act, any Bitcoin under the control of any Federal agency, including the United States Marshal Service, shall— not be sold, swapped, auctioned, or otherwise encumbered; and upon the acquisition of legal title to such Bitcoin (including after a final, unappealable judgment is entered in a criminal or civil forfeiture action in favor of the Federal agency), be transferred by the head of such Federal agency to the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve.

8. Voluntary State Participation and Segregated Accounts The Secretary shall establish a program that allows a State to voluntarily participate in storing the Bitcoin holdings of the State in the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve in a segregated account. A State choosing to participate in the program established under subsection (a) shall sign a contractual agreement outlining the terms and conditions of participation, which shall include— the responsibilities of both the State and the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve in managing and securing the Bitcoin holdings of the State in the segregated account of the State; a requirement that the State, in coordination with the Secretary, develop and implement appropriate security protocols and access controls to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of the segregated account of the State; and retention of title, and all attendant legal interests, by the State in the Bitcoin held in the segregated account, including title to any digital asset that is the result of a fork or airdrop relating to such Bitcoin. Each State participating in the program established under subsection (a) shall have the right to withdraw or transfer the contents of the segregated account of the State within the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, subject to the terms and conditions in the signed contractual agreement under subsection (b) and any applicable Federal regulations. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Federal Government shall not be liable for any loss, theft, destruction, or inaccessibility of Bitcoin or other digital assets held in the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, except in cases of gross negligence or willful misconduct by the Secretary or officials responsible for the management of the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve. Any agreement entered into under subsection (b) shall include an explicit acknowledgment by the State that digital asset custody carries inherent risks that cannot be eliminated completely, and that the State assumes all risks associated with the voluntary placement of its digital assets in the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve.

10. Protection of Private Property Rights Nothing in this Act shall be construed to— authorize the Federal Government to seize, confiscate, or otherwise impair any property right in the lawfully acquired Bitcoin holdings of any person; or infringe upon the rights of individuals, businesses, or organizations to purchase, hold, transfer, or dispose of Bitcoin in accordance with the law. This Act affirms and protects the rights of persons to maintain full lawful control over the Bitcoin and other digital assets of those individuals, recognizing that the ability to maintain self-custody of private keys is fundamental to the principles of financial sovereignty, privacy, and personal liberty in the digital age.

11. Modification of exchange stabilization fund Section 5302 of title 31, United States Code, is amended— in subsection (a)(1), by inserting after section 3 of the Special Drawing Rights Act (22 U.S.C.286o), the following: section 5 of the BITCOIN Act of 2025,; and in subsection (b), in the first sentence, by striking gold, foreign exchange, and other instruments of credit and securities and inserting gold, Bitcoin, foreign exchange, and other instruments of credit and securities. Section 5302(c) of title 31, United States Code, is amended— in paragraph (1), by inserting after all projected liabilities the following: , including a detailed accounting of any Bitcoin transactions and holdings; and in paragraph (2), by inserting after on the operation of the fund the following: , including a specific accounting of any Bitcoin purchased, sold, or held by the fund during the preceding year.