HR1591-119

Introduced

To amend the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to authorize the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to make security clearance determinations and access determinations for political appointees and special Government employees in the Executive Office of the President, and for other purposes.

119th Congress Introduced Feb 26, 2025

Legislative Progress

Introduced
Introduced Committee Passed
Feb 26, 2025

Mr. Beyer (for himself, Mr. Lieu, Mr. Huffman, Mr. Magaziner, …

Summary

What This Bill Does

The Security Clearance Review Act transfers authority over security clearances for White House political appointees and special government employees from the President to the FBI Director. It requires that anyone working in the Executive Office of the President must pass an FBI security clearance review, and mandates Congressional notification when clearance decisions are made or overridden.

Who Benefits and How

Congressional oversight committees gain significant new visibility into White House personnel decisions. They must be notified whenever the FBI denies a security clearance and whenever the President overrides such a denial. The FBI and national security establishment benefit from expanded authority, as the FBI Director becomes the gatekeeper for who can access classified information in the White House.

Who Bears the Burden and How

Political appointees and special government employees in the Executive Office of the President face new compliance requirements. They cannot begin work or access classified information until the FBI Director specifically approves their security clearance. The President's hiring flexibility is constrained, as the administration must justify any decision to override FBI security determinations to Congress in writing within 30 days.

Key Provisions

  • The FBI Director, not the President, must approve security clearances for all political appointees and special government employees working in the Executive Office of the President
  • No political appointee can be employed in the White House unless their employment is "clearly consistent with national security"
  • If the FBI Director denies, suspends, or revokes a security clearance, the President and Congress must be notified on the same day
  • If the President overrides the FBI Director's security clearance decision, the President must submit a written explanation to Congress within 30 days
  • Applies to "political appointees" (as defined in the Presidential Transitions Improvements Act of 2015) and "special government employees" (as defined in 18 U.S.C. 202)
Model: claude-opus-4
Generated: Dec 27, 2025 21:21

Evidence Chain:

This summary is derived from the structured analysis below. See "Detailed Analysis" for per-title beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

Primary Purpose

The bill aims to enhance national security by empowering the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to make security clearance determinations for political appointees and special government employees in the Executive Office of the President.

Policy Domains

National Security Intelligence Reform

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
National Security
Actor Mappings
"congress"
→ Appropriate committees of Congress
"the_director"
→ Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
"the_president"
→ President of the United States

Key Definitions

Terms defined in this bill

9 terms
"Short Title" §Section H536E134F0C2F49CE86DFFFF5527CC5CB

The bill is officially named the Security Clearance Review Act.

"Security Clearance Determinations and Access" §Section HFC524C6924B742D7B8412A0DBE650EAF

The Director of the FBI is authorized to make security clearance decisions for political appointees and special government employees in the Executive Office, ensuring national security compliance.

"Security Clearance Amendment" §Section 3001 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (50 U.S.C. 3341)

This section introduces an amendment to existing law, allowing the FBI Director to make security clearance decisions for certain government employees.

"Employment Restriction" §(k)Political appointees and special Government employees in the Executive Office of the President (1)(A)

Political appointees or special government employees cannot be employed, detailed, or assigned to the Executive Office unless it is clearly consistent with national security.

"Security Clearance Restriction" §(k)Political appointees and special Government employees in the Executive Office of the President (1)(B)

These individuals cannot have a security clearance or access classified information without approval from the FBI Director.

"Director's Notification Duty" §(k)Political appointees and special Government employees in the Executive Office of the President (2)(A)

The FBI Director must notify the President and Congress if they deny, suspend, or revoke a security clearance for these individuals.

"President's Explanation Requirement" §(k)Political appointees and special Government employees in the Executive Office of the President (2)(B)

If the President nullifies or modifies the Director's decision, they must provide written reasons to Congress within 30 days.

"Definition: Political Appointee" §(k)Political appointees and special Government employees in the Executive Office of the President (3)(A)

The term 'political appointee' is defined by reference to a specific section of another law, providing clarity on who this bill applies to.

"Definition: Special Government Employee" §(k)Political appointees and special Government employees in the Executive Office of the President (3)(B)

Similarly, 'special government employee' is defined by reference to a section of Title 18 of the U.S. Code.

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology