HR1-119

Signed into Law

An act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14.

119th Congress Introduced May 20, 2025

Summary

What This Bill Does

This reconciliation bill is a broad fiscal package. It changes SNAP food-assistance rules, farm commodity supports, Medicaid eligibility and financing, higher-education and student-loan administration, immigration fee schedules, border and defense-related appropriations, business tax deductions, individual tax rules, and clean-energy tax credits. The bill combines spending cuts, new fees, and program restrictions with targeted benefits for farmers, businesses, employers, border agencies, and some taxpayers.

On the spending side, the bill tightens SNAP by redefining the Thrifty Food Plan and pushing states with high payment error rates to share benefit costs. It adds Medicaid provider screening, limits some Medicaid eligibility pathways, changes provider-tax rules, and affects states that finance Medicaid through provider taxes. It also changes student-loan servicing and institutional reimbursement rules.

On the revenue and tax side, the bill increases immigration-related fees for asylum, parole, employment authorization, temporary protected status, nonimmigrant visas, and immigration-court filings. It restores or expands business deductions, including domestic research expensing, section 179 expensing, bonus depreciation, qualified production property depreciation, and paid family and medical leave credits. It also terminates or shortens several clean-energy credits, including used clean vehicle, clean vehicle, commercial clean vehicle, energy-efficient home improvement, and new energy-efficient home credits.

Who Benefits and How

Farmers and agricultural producers benefit from higher reference prices for covered commodities and additional base-acre allocation rules that can increase subsidy support under Commodity Credit Corporation programs. Large corporations, manufacturers, small businesses, self-employed individuals, qualified opportunity funds, and domestic research-intensive companies benefit from faster deductions or more favorable tax treatment for equipment, production property, research expenses, opportunity zones, and business asset purchases.

Employers claiming paid family leave credits benefit because the credit is extended and broadened so qualifying insurance premiums can count in addition to wages. Border agencies, Department of Homeland Security components, Customs and Border Protection facilities, and immigration-fee accounts benefit from new appropriations or fee revenue. Some high-income taxpayers and corporations may benefit from selected individual and business tax changes, while state Medicaid programs can benefit where the bill preserves or structures federal financing in narrower ways.

Defense contractors, Department of Defense agencies, rural energy program participants, biofuel producers, national park gateway communities, and tourism businesses benefit from targeted authorizations or funding in their respective sections. Federal taxpayers benefit from rescissions of some prior appropriations and from reduced spending in SNAP, Medicaid, education, and energy-credit programs if those reductions materialize.

Who Bears the Burden and How

SNAP recipients bear the burden through a tighter Thrifty Food Plan calculation, broader work expectations, limits on shelter-expense treatment, and narrower eligibility for some noncitizens. States with high SNAP payment error rates bear fiscal risk because the bill requires state cost sharing when error rates exceed federal thresholds and reduces federal administrative reimbursement in some circumstances.

Medicaid applicants, Medicaid enrollees, state Medicaid programs, Medicaid providers, Medicaid suppliers, and Medicaid administrators face new screening, eligibility, provider-tax, and financing restrictions. States using Medicaid provider taxes bear a direct burden where new or increased taxes are barred or where waivers of uniformity requirements become harder to obtain.

Immigrants, asylum applicants, parolees, temporary protected status applicants, nonimmigrant visa recipients, and people seeking employment authorization bear new or higher fees, including asylum application fees, yearly asylum fees, parole fees, employment authorization fees, temporary protected status fees, visa integrity fees, and immigration-court fees. Homeowners, businesses, clean vehicle consumers, electric vehicle manufacturers, energy-efficient homebuilders, and clean-energy contractors bear burdens where credits terminate earlier than prior law allowed.

Student loan servicers, student loan contractors, colleges participating in federal loan programs, private universities with large endowments, sound recording production companies, REIT service providers, FEHB carriers, federal employees enrolled in FEHB, and federal agencies covered by regulatory-review provisions face reporting, reimbursement, audit, tax, or compliance changes.

Key Provisions

  • Restricts SNAP by redefining the Thrifty Food Plan, tightening work and eligibility rules, and requiring state benefit-cost sharing when payment error rates are high.
  • Expands farm supports by raising agricultural reference prices and adjusting base-acre allocation under Commodity Credit Corporation programs.
  • Tightens Medicaid provider screening, Medicaid eligibility, Medicaid provider-tax rules, and state financing arrangements.
  • Imposes immigration fees on asylum applications, pending asylum cases, parole, employment authorization, temporary protected status, nonimmigrant visas, and EOIR filings.
  • Restores or expands business tax benefits for domestic research expenses, section 179 expensing, bonus depreciation, qualified production property, opportunity zones, and paid family leave credits.
  • Terminates or shortens clean vehicle, commercial clean vehicle, energy-efficient home improvement, new energy-efficient home, and related clean-energy credits.
  • Changes student-loan servicing funding, institutional reimbursement obligations, employer student-loan repayment exclusions, and private college endowment taxes.
  • Funds or authorizes border security, Department of Defense, rural energy, biofuel, national park, and tourism provisions.
  • Rescinds or redirects prior appropriations in several environmental, conservation, education, and energy programs.

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

Uses reconciliation to change nutrition assistance, Medicaid, agriculture, education, immigration fees, energy policy, and tax rules, pairing spending reductions and new fees with business expensing, agriculture support, border appropriations, and selected tax benefits.

Key Policy Areas

Tax, Nutrition Assistance, Medicaid, Agriculture, Immigration, Energy, Education

Primary Purpose

Uses reconciliation to change nutrition assistance, Medicaid, agriculture, education, immigration fees, energy policy, and tax rules, pairing spending reductions and new fees with business expensing, agriculture support, border appropriations, and selected tax benefits.

Policy Domains

Tax Nutrition Assistance Medicaid Agriculture Immigration Energy Education

whole_bill

Identified Gains
  • Farmers receiving commodity support
  • Commodity Credit Corporation agricultural programs
  • Large corporations claiming business expensing
  • Manufacturers using qualified production property
  • Domestic research companies
  • Employers claiming paid family leave credits
  • Department of Homeland Security fee accounts
  • Customs and Border Protection facilities
  • Defense contractors
  • Rural energy program participants
  • Biofuel producers
  • Federal taxpayers
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: enr
Biofuel producers:
Federal taxpayers: ,
Defense contractors:
Domestic research companies:
Rural energy program participants:
Farmers receiving commodity support:
Customs and Border Protection facilities:
Department of Homeland Security fee accounts: , ,
Employers claiming paid family leave credits:
Large corporations claiming business expensing:
Manufacturers using qualified production property:
Commodity Credit Corporation agricultural programs:
Identified Costs
  • SNAP recipients
  • States with high SNAP payment error rates
  • Medicaid applicants
  • Medicaid enrollees
  • State Medicaid programs
  • Medicaid providers
  • Immigrants applying for asylum
  • Parolees paying immigration fees
  • Temporary protected status applicants
  • Clean vehicle consumers
  • Electric vehicle manufacturers
  • Homeowners claiming energy-efficiency credits
  • Student loan servicers
  • Private colleges with large endowments
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: enr
SNAP recipients:
Medicaid enrollees:
Medicaid providers: ,
Medicaid applicants:
Student loan servicers:
Clean vehicle consumers: , ,
State Medicaid programs:
Electric vehicle manufacturers: ,
Immigrants applying for asylum: ,
Parolees paying immigration fees:
Temporary protected status applicants: ,
Private colleges with large endowments:
States with high SNAP payment error rates:
Homeowners claiming energy-efficiency credits: ,

Legislative Progress

Signed into Law
Introduced Committee Passed Law
Jun 17, 2026

Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Hearings held.

Jul 4, 2025

Became Public Law No: 119-21.

Jul 4, 2025

Signed by President.

Jul 3, 2025

Presented to President.

Jul 3, 2025

Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without …

Jul 3, 2025

On motion that the House agree to the Senate amendment …

Jul 3, 2025

Resolving differences -- House actions: On motion that the House …

Jul 3, 2025

The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.

Jul 3, 2025

DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 566, …

Jul 3, 2025

Mr. Arrington moved that the House agree to the Senate …

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Government
519 mentions across 500 clauses
+340 positive -132 negative ?6 uncertain

Administrative Office of the United States Courts, Agencies involved in ESA recovery plans, Agencies involved in construction material labeling initiatives

Bureau of Land Management, Department of Defense, Department of Defense and National Nuclear Security Administration, Department of Education, National Park Service, States, States participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, States with SNAP programs, U.S. Treasury face effects in multiple directions

Positive-direction: Agencies involved in ESA recovery plans, Agencies making rules with significant economic impact, Agencies responsible for Federal building construction and maintenance, Agencies responsible for school air pollution control, Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural programs and related agencies, Bureau of Prisons, Bureau of Reclamation, CMS administrative operations, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Coast Guard, Commodity Credit Corporation, Congressional committees overseeing regulatory actions, Customs and Border Protection, Department of Commerce, Department of Education loan administration, Department of Energy, Department of Homeland Security, Department of Justice, Department of Justice personnel, Eligible States and units of local government, Eligible States, State agencies, and units of local government, Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental agencies, Executive Office for Immigration Review, Federal Aviation Administration, Federal agencies and departments, Federal budget (reduced Medicaid expansion outlays), Federal departments, Federal government, Federal government operations, Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management, Fund for Radiation-Exposed Workers, GSA Emerging Technologies Program, Government agencies, Government agencies managing Outer Continental Shelf revenues, Government agencies responsible for implementing the rescinded sections, Government employees with access to taxpayer data, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Inspector General of the Department of Defense, Internal Revenue Service, National Endowment for the Humanities, National Forest Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and national marine sanctuaries, National Park Service and Bureau of Land Management, Office of Management and Budget, Office of Personnel Management, Pandemic Response Accountability Committee, State agencies in noncontiguous States, State of Alaska, States administering SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program), States and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, States and units of local government, States contracting with PBMs or other entities for Medicaid coverage, Travel Promotion Fund, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, U.S. Treasury revenue collection, United States Secret Service

Negative-direction: Agencies involved in construction material labeling initiatives, Agencies receiving funds under section 60110 of Public Law 117–169, Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Council of Economic Advisers, Department of Education rulemaking authority, Department of Energy offices and programs, Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Justice officials, Department of Treasury and IRS, EPA AIM Act implementation operations, EPA enforcement and assistance programs, EPA enforcement and compliance division, EPA enforcement and compliance operations, EPA permitting and review division, EPA renewable fuel standard compliance operations, Executive agencies submitting rules under section 801(a)(1)(A), Federal agencies and their officials/agents, Financial Stability Oversight Council, Forest Service, NOAA and EPA climate monitoring programs, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Regulatory Agencies, Secretary of the Treasury, Securities and Exchange Commission, State agencies administering SNAP and other Federal/State assistance programs, U.S. Forest Service programs, USDA Food and Nutrition Service

Taxpayers
190 mentions across 181 clauses
+98 positive -85 negative

Applicants for EITC certificates, Business payment filers, Eligible individuals (children born between 2025 and 2028)

Taxpayers with adjusted gross income between $15,000 and $75,000 ($300,000 for joint returns), Taxpayers with qualifying children face effects in multiple directions

Positive-direction: Individual taxpayers claiming adoption credit, Individual taxpayers claiming itemized deductions, Individual taxpayers who do not itemize deductions, Individual taxpayers with discharged student loans due to death or disability, Individuals with adjusted gross income over $75,000 ($150,000 for joint returns), Individuals with high deductible health plans opening HSAs, Married couples where one spouse has FSA and other has HDHP, Parents of children born between 2025 and 2028, Parents of children born between January 1, 2025 and December 31, 2028, Parents of eligible children born between 2025 and 2028, Parents of eligible individuals (born between 2025 and 2028), Parents with children born between January 1, 2025 and December 31, 2028, Senior citizens aged 65 and above, Seniors filing taxes, Seniors filing taxes after December 31, 2024 and before January 1, 2029, Taxpayers aged 65 and above, filing jointly if applicable, Taxpayers filing jointly or separately, Taxpayers in all income brackets, Taxpayers making qualified contributions to scholarship granting organizations, Taxpayers with eligible children born between 2025 and 2028, Taxpayers with eligible dependents, Taxpayers with mortgage insurance premiums, Taxpayers with mortgage interest deductions, Taxpayers with taxable income exceeding $500,000 (married filing jointly) or $250,000 (other taxpayers), Taxpayers with taxable income exceeding threshold amount, Taxpayers with taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025, Taxpaying individuals with eligible students, U.S. citizens and nationals

Negative-direction: Applicants for EITC certificates, Business payment filers, Eligible individuals (children born between 2025 and 2028), Future taxpayers bearing debt service costs, High-income corporations, High-income individual taxpayers, Individual payment filers, Individual taxpayers making charitable contributions, Individual taxpayers who make improper elections under section 6434, Individual taxpayers with income above specified thresholds, Individuals with specified tax benefits from partnerships, Non-citizens and non-residents without legal immigration status, Noncorporate taxpayers with excess business losses, Taxpayers claiming American Opportunity Tax Credit or Lifetime Learning Credit, Taxpayers claiming Earned Income Tax Credit, Taxpayers claiming MAGA account contribution credit, Taxpayers claiming Trump account contribution credit, Taxpayers claiming miscellaneous itemized deductions, Taxpayers with casualty losses, Vehicle-loan interest recipients

Education
186 mentions across 163 clauses
+94 positive -79 negative

Borrowers receiving loans on or after July 1, 2025, Borrowers with federal student loans, Borrowers with loans made under part D on or after July 1, 2027

Students applying for Federal Pell Grants faces effects in multiple directions

Positive-direction: Borrowers with federal student loans, Community colleges and public universities below the median, Cuban nationals seeking student aid, Eligible Institutions (as defined in section 420U), Eligible institutions of higher education, For-profit colleges and career schools, Higher education institutions subject to federal regulation, Institutions of Higher Education (except those described in section 102(a)(1)(C)), Institutions of higher education offering programs with median cost of college calculation, Institutions of higher education offering programs with median costs, Parent Borrowers, Parents and guardians of K-12 students, Parents and guardians of students enrolled in elementary or secondary schools, Parents and students using 529 accounts, Private colleges and universities with at least $500,000 student adjusted endowment, Private colleges and universities with student adjusted endowment >$500,000, States, local governments, and non-profit organizations, Student loan servicers (Nelnet, MOHELA, etc.), Students and institutions affected by the delayed regulations, Students eligible for Pell Grants, Students enrolled in eligible workforce programs, Students pursuing eligible workforce programs

Negative-direction: Borrowers receiving loans on or after July 1, 2025, Borrowers with loans made under part D on or after July 1, 2027, Borrowers with one or more loans in a repayment status under an income contingent plan, Community nutrition education providers, Educational programs with low median earnings, Eligible institutions applying for PROMISE grants, Federal student loan borrowers, Graduate and Professional Students, Graduate/Professional Students and Parents of Dependent Students, High-cost private universities, Higher education institutions receiving federal funds, Institutions of Higher Education participating in the direct student loan program, Institutions offering low-earning outcome programs, K-12 schools in high-pollution areas, Parents of Dependent Students, Private colleges and universities with at least 3,000 tuition-paying students, Student loan servicers, Students and borrowers of federal student loans, Students receiving loans on or after July 1, 2025, Students receiving non-Federal grants equal to or exceeding their cost of attendance, Undergraduate Students, Universities and Research Institutions

Immigration
158 mentions across 152 clauses
+17 positive -127 negative

Aliens applying for Form I-94 Arrival/Departure Record, Aliens applying for Form I–94 Arrival/Departure Record, Aliens applying for adjustment of status, aliens appealing decisions, practitioners appealing disciplinary cases

Aliens applying for Form I–94 Arrival/Departure Record faces effects in multiple directions

Positive-direction: Aliens applying for temporary protected status who are not lawfully present or have violated their nonimmigrant status, Aliens in circumstances described under this subtitle, Aliens, parents, or legal guardians applying for special immigrant juvenile status, Cuban nationals in the U.S., Inadmissible aliens apprehended between ports of entry, U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents, support staff, Department of Homeland Security employees, State officers, immigration enforcement agencies

Negative-direction: Aliens applying for Form I-94 Arrival/Departure Record, Aliens applying for adjustment of status, aliens appealing decisions, practitioners appealing disciplinary cases, Aliens applying for adjustment of status, waiver of grounds of inadmissibility, temporary protected status, appeal from immigration court decisions, appeal from DHS officer decisions, practitioner disciplinary case appeals, motion to reopen/reconsider, suspension of deportation, Aliens applying for adjustment of status, waiver of grounds of inadmissibility, temporary protected status, appeal from immigration decisions, or suspension of deportation, Aliens applying for asylum, Aliens applying for diversity immigrant visas, Aliens applying for initial employment authorization, Aliens applying for special immigrant juvenile status with viable reunification, Aliens applying for temporary protected status who have not maintained or extended their nonimmigrant status, Aliens granted temporary protected status seeking renewal or extension of employment authorization, Aliens lawfully present in the US, Aliens ordered removed in absentia who are subsequently arrested by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Aliens paroled into the United States, Aliens requesting continuances in immigration court proceedings, Aliens with pending asylum applications, Arriving aliens suspected of inadmissibility under INA 212(a)(2) or (3), Asylum applicants, Asylum applicants seeking employment authorization renewal or extension, Asylum applicants seeking employment authorization renewal/extension, Immigrants not meeting specified criteria, Inadmissible aliens apprehended between ports of entry by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Inadmissible aliens under INA 212(a)(2) or (3), Individuals applying for Temporary Protected Status, Individuals applying for asylum, Individuals undergoing immigration inspection or preinspection, Lawfully present aliens with specified immigration statuses, Non-U.S. citizens with Temporary Protected Status, Non-citizen immigrants and certain Cuban nationals, Non-citizen immigrants and temporary residents, Non-citizen immigrants without approved petition or visa, not inadmissible, and not under Cuban migration agreement, Parolees seeking renewal or extension of employment authorization, Sponsors of unaccompanied alien children, Unaccompanied Alien Children aged 12 and above

General Public
126 mentions across 126 clauses
+58 positive -61 negative ?2 uncertain

Able bodied adults aged 18-64 without dependents, Adults aged 18-64 without dependents, Aliens issued nonimmigrant visas

All Taxpayers, Individual taxpayers face effects in multiple directions

Positive-direction: Families with qualifying assets, Immigration services users, Individual taxpayers earning overtime compensation, Individual taxpayers making qualified contributions, Individuals adopting children, Individuals contributing to ABLE accounts, Individuals eligible for ABLE accounts, Individuals who lived or worked in affected areas for at least 2 years after January 1, 1949 and contracted specified diseases, Individuals with eligible students, Motor vehicle owners, Public transit systems

Negative-direction: Able bodied adults aged 18-64 without dependents, Adults aged 18-64 without dependents, Aliens issued nonimmigrant visas, Individuals and households hosting unaccompanied alien children, Individuals not lawfully residing in the U.S. or without proper immigration status, Individuals not lawfully residing in the US, Individuals sending remittance transfers using cash or similar instruments, Individuals sponsoring unaccompanied alien children, Individuals under age 18, Individuals who are aliens lawfully present in the US, Individuals with income above poverty line but below 138% of federal poverty level, Individuals with income above poverty line but below 138% of the federal poverty level, Individuals with income above poverty line enrolled in expanded Medicaid, Obesity prevention program operators, Owners of previously-owned clean vehicles

State & Local Government
102 mentions across 92 clauses
+49 positive -53 negative

City of Fernley, Nevada, Clark County, Nevada, Gulf Coast states (TX, LA, MS, AL)

State Medicaid programs, States applying for Medicaid demonstration projects, States providing Medicaid services face effects in multiple directions

Positive-direction: City of Fernley, Nevada, Clark County, Nevada, Gulf Coast states (TX, LA, MS, AL), Local governments incarcerating undocumented immigrants, Rural communities in designated zones, State food distribution agencies, State tax revenue departments, States incarcerating undocumented immigrants, Washoe County Government, Washoe County, Nevada

Negative-direction: Medicaid administrators, State CHIP programs, State DOTs and transportation agencies conducting NEPA reviews, State Medicaid agencies, State and local governments implementing GHG reduction plans, State and local transportation departments, State environmental agencies, States administering Medicaid programs, States electing to provide medical assistance during verification periods, States funding nonqualified-alien health coverage, States providing Medicaid or CHIP assistance, States providing Medicaid or CHIP services, States providing emergency Medicaid to undocumented immigrants, States that have not yet expanded Medicaid, States that provide financial assistance or comprehensive health benefits coverage to undocumented aliens

Financial Services
98 mentions across 97 clauses
+49 positive -38 negative

Approved insurance providers in eligible States for eligible contracts, Banks acting as trustees for Trump accounts, Financial institutions subject to CFPB enforcement

Positive-direction: Approved insurance providers in eligible States for eligible contracts, Financial institutions subject to CFPB enforcement, Financial services industry - account custodians, Food banks and emergency food providers, HSA administrators, HSA administrators and financial institutions, Index fund managers (Vanguard, BlackRock, Fidelity), Opportunity Zone Funds, Qualified Opportunity Fund managers, Qualified lenders (as defined), Qualified lenders (banks, savings associations, insurance companies), Qualified lenders (banks, savings associations, insurance companies, etc.), Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), Third-party settlement organizations

Negative-direction: Banks acting as trustees for Trump accounts, Health insurance companies offering qualified health plans, Health insurance providers offering qualified health plans, Individuals enrolling in health plans during specified special enrollment periods, Non-citizen residents eligible for premium tax credit, Qualified Opportunity Funds (QOFs) and Qualified Rural Opportunity Funds (QRFOs), Qualified Opportunity Funds and Rural Opportunity Funds, Remittance transfer providers, Remittance transfer providers and senders, Remittance transfer providers and senders using cash or similar instruments, Remittance transfer senders and providers

Healthcare
95 mentions across 85 clauses
+44 positive -49 negative

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Employees converting health FSAs or HRAs to HSAs, Employees with health FSAs or HRAs

Medicaid enrollees, Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) face effects in multiple directions

Positive-direction: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Employees converting health FSAs or HRAs to HSAs, Employees with health FSAs or HRAs, Employees with health flexible spending arrangements or health reimbursement arrangements, Health Insurance Exchanges, Healthcare providers in states with new or increased provider taxes, Healthcare workers in rural areas, Medicare service providers, Out-of-state healthcare providers, Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) and entities responsible for covered outpatient drugs, Rural hospitals and critical access hospitals, Safety-net hospitals serving high uninsured/Medicaid populations, States providing Medicaid services, States with rural health facilities

Negative-direction: Entities providing abortions (as defined), Healthcare providers serving Medicaid populations, Healthcare providers serving dual-eligible populations, Hospitals in non-expansion states, Medicaid administrators and auditors, Medicaid applicants, Medicaid expansion enrollees above poverty line, Medicaid providers, Medicaid suppliers, Providers and suppliers enrolled under this title, Retail community pharmacies and applicable non-retail pharmacies, States providing Medicaid coverage

339/339
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown
House Roll #190

On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendment

One Big Beautiful Bill Act

Passed
218 Yea 214 Nay
Jul 3, 2025
Senate Roll #372

On Passage of the Bill H.R. 1

H.R. 1, as Amended

Bill Passed (50-50, Vice President of the United States, voted Yea)
50 Yea 50 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #354

On the Motion (Bennet Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)

Bennet Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions

Motion Rejected (47-53)
47 Yea 53 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #371

On the Amendment S.Amdt. 2360 to H.R. 1 (No short title on file)

Amdt. No. 2360, as Amended

Amendment Agreed to (50-50, Vice President of the United States, voted Yea)
50 Yea 50 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #370

On the Amendment S.Amdt. 2848 to S.Amdt. 2360 to H.R. 1 (No short title on file)

Graham Amdt. No. 2848

Amendment Agreed to (50-50, Vice President of the United States, voted Yea)
50 Yea 50 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #369

On the Amendment S.Amdt. 2849 to S.Amdt. 2848 to S.Amdt. 2360 to H.R. 1

Klobuchar Amdt. No. 2849

Amendment Rejected (45-55)
45 Yea 55 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #368

On the Amendment S.Amdt. 2585 to S.Amdt. 2360 to H.R. 1 (No short title on file)

Van Hollen Amdt. No. 2585

Amendment Rejected (50-50)
50 Yea 50 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #367

On the Amendment S.Amdt. 2847 to S.Amdt. 2360 to H.R. 1 (No short title on file)

Warner Amdt. No. 2847

Amendment Rejected (50-50)
50 Yea 50 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #366

On the Amendment S.Amdt. 2564 to S.Amdt. 2360 to H.R. 1 (No short title on file)

Shaheen Amdt. No. 2564

Amendment Rejected (49-51)
49 Yea 51 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #365

On the Amendment S.Amdt. 2719 to S.Amdt. 2360 to H.R. 1 (No short title on file)

Hickenlooper Amdt. No. 2719

Amendment Rejected (48-52)
48 Yea 52 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #364

On the Amendment S.Amdt. 2717 to S.Amdt. 2360 to H.R. 1 (No short title on file)

Rosen Amdt. No. 2717

Amendment Rejected (47-53)
47 Yea 53 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #363

On the Amendment S.Amdt. 2814 to S.Amdt. 2360 to H.R. 1 (No short title on file)

Blackburn Amdt. No. 2814

Amendment Agreed to (99-1)
99 Yea 1 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #362

On the Amendment S.Amdt. 2435 to S.Amdt. 2360 to H.R. 1 (No short title on file)

Sanders Amdt. No. 2435

Amendment Rejected (47-53, 3/5 majority required)
47 Yea 53 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #361

On the Amendment S.Amdt. 2817 to S.Amdt. 2360 to H.R. 1 (No short title on file)

Kim Amdt. No. 2817

Amendment Rejected (48-52)
48 Yea 52 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #360

On the Amendment S.Amdt. 2745 to S.Amdt. 2360 to H.R. 1 (No short title on file)

Lee Amdt. No. 2745

Amendment Rejected (21-79)
21 Yea 79 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #359

On the Motion (Warnock Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)

Warnock Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions

Motion Rejected (48-51)
48 Yea 51 Nay 1 Not Voting
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #358

On the Amendment S.Amdt. 2382 to S.Amdt. 2360 to H.R. 1 (No short title on file)

Hirono Amdt. No. 2382

Amendment Rejected (50-50)
50 Yea 50 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #357

On the Motion (Wyden Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)

Wyden Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions

Motion Rejected (47-53)
47 Yea 53 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #356

On the Motion (Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Kennedy Amdt. No. 2775)

Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Kennedy Amdt. No. 2775

Motion Rejected (54-46, 3/5 majority required)
54 Yea 46 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #355

On the Motion (Motion to Waive Section 302(f) of the CBA Re: Collins Amdt. No. 2812)

Motion to Waive Section 302(f) of the CBA Re: Collins Amdt. No. 2812

Motion Rejected (22-78, 3/5 majority required)
22 Yea 78 Nay
Jul 1, 2025
Senate Roll #334

On the Motion (Motion to Waive Section 425(a)(2) of the CBA re: H.R. 1)

Motion to Waive Section 425(a)(2) of the CBA re: H.R. 1

Motion Agreed to (51-48, 3/5 majority required)
51 Yea 48 Nay 1 Not Voting
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #353

On the Motion (Padilla Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)

Padilla Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions

Motion Rejected (47-53)
47 Yea 53 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #352

On the Motion (Motion to Waive Section 313(b)(1)(A) of the Congressional Budget Act Re: Kennedy Amdt. No. 2772 )

Motion to Waive Section 313(b)(1)(A) of the Congressional Budget Act Re: Kennedy Amdt. No. 2772

Motion Rejected (42-58, 3/5 majority required)
42 Yea 58 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #351

On the Motion (Schiff Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry with Instructions)

Schiff Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry with Instru…

Motion Rejected (47-53)
47 Yea 53 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #350

On the Motion (Duckworth Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry with Instructions)

Duckworth Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry with Ins…

Motion Rejected (49-51)
49 Yea 51 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #349

On the Motion (Hassan Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)

Hassan Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions

Motion Rejected (48-52)
48 Yea 52 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #348

On the Motion (Gallego Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)

Gallego Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions

Motion Rejected (47-53)
47 Yea 53 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #347

On the Motion (Blumenthal Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Armed Services with Instructions)

Blumenthal Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Armed Services with Instructions

Motion Rejected (47-53)
47 Yea 53 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #346

On the Motion (Kaine Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs with Instructions)

Kaine Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs with I…

Motion Rejected (47-53)
47 Yea 53 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #345

On the Motion (Motion to Waive Section 313 (b)(1)(D) of the CBA Re: Amdt. No. 2401)

Motion to Waive Section 313 (b)(1)(D) of the CBA Re: Amdt. No. 2401

Motion Rejected (53-47, 3/5 majority required)
53 Yea 47 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #344

On the Motion (Motion to Waive Section 302(F) of the CBA Re: Murray Amdt. No. 2771)

Motion to Waive Section 302(F) of the CBA Re: Murray Amdt. No. 2771

Motion Rejected (49-51, 3/5 majority required)
49 Yea 51 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #343

On the Motion (Motion to Waive Section 313(b)(1)(D) of the Congressional Budget Act Re: Merkley Amdt. No. 2446)

Motion to Waive Section 313(b)(1)(D) of the Congressional Budget Act Re: Merkley Amdt. No. 2446

Motion Rejected (47-53, 3/5 majority required)
47 Yea 53 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #342

On the Motion (Motion to Waive Section 313(b)(1)(D) of the CBA Re: Cornyn Amdt. No. 2705)

Motion to Waive Section 313(b)(1)(D) of the CBA Re: Cornyn Amdt. No. 2705

Motion Rejected (56-44, 3/5 majority required)
56 Yea 44 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #341

On the Motion (Motion to Waive Section 302(F) of the CBA Re: Amdt. No. 2414)

Motion to Waive Section 302(F) of the CBA Re: Amdt. No. 2414

Motion Rejected (47-53, 3/5 majority required)
47 Yea 53 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #340

On the Motion (Blunt Rochester Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)

Blunt Rochester Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions

Motion Rejected (48-52)
48 Yea 52 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #339

On the Motion (Motion to Waive Section 302(F) of the CBA Re: Amdt. No. 2696)

Motion to Waive Section 302(F) of the CBA Re: Amdt. No. 2696

Motion Rejected (47-53, 3/5 majority required)
47 Yea 53 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #338

On the Motion (Reed Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)

Reed Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions

Motion Rejected (48-52)
48 Yea 52 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #337

On the Motion (Lujan Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)

Lujan Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions

Motion Rejected (49-51)
49 Yea 51 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #336

On the Motion (Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)

Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions

Motion Rejected (48-52)
48 Yea 52 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #335

On the Motion (Wyden Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)

Wyden Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions

Motion Rejected (47-53)
47 Yea 53 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #333

On the Motion (Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)

Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions

Motion Rejected (49-51)
49 Yea 51 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #332

On the Motion (Schumer Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions)

Schumer Motion to Commit H.R. 1 to the Committee on Finance with Instructions

Motion Rejected (47-53)
47 Yea 53 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #331

On the Decision of the Chair H.R. 1

Does the Decision of the Chair Stand as the Judgment of the Senate that Amdt. No. 2360 does not Vio…

Decision of Chair Sustained (53-47)
53 Yea 47 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #330

On the Decision of the Chair S.Amdt. 2360 to H.R. 1 (No short title on file)

Does the Decision of the Chair Stand as the judgment of the Senate that amdt. no. 2360 does not vio…

Decision of Chair Sustained (53-47)
53 Yea 47 Nay
Jun 30, 2025
Senate Roll #329

On the Motion to Proceed H.R. 1

Motion to Proceed to H.R. 1

Motion to Proceed Agreed to (51-49)
51 Yea 49 Nay
Jun 28, 2025
House Roll #145

On Passage

One Big Beautiful Act

Passed
215 Yea 214 Nay 2 Not Voting 1 Present
May 22, 2025
House Roll #144

On Motion to Recommit

One Big Beautiful Act

Failed
212 Yea 216 Nay 4 Not Voting
May 22, 2025

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Nutrition Assistance Agriculture Medicaid
Actor Mappings
"secretary"
→ Relevant program Secretary
Domains
Immigration Tax Energy
Actor Mappings
"secretary"
→ Secretary of Homeland Security, Secretary of Treasury, or Secretary of State as applicable

Key Definitions

Terms defined in this bill

3 terms
"Thrifty Food Plan" §10001

The SNAP food-cost benchmark that the bill redefines for benefit calculations.

"Medicaid provider tax" §44134

A health-care related tax used by states in Medicaid financing that the bill restricts through uniformity and redistributive-test rules.

"domestic research or experimental expenditures" §111002

Domestic R&D costs that the bill allows taxpayers to deduct immediately under new section 174A rules.

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology