HJRES54-119

In Committee

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States providing that the rights protected and extended by the Constitution are the rights of natural persons only.

119th Congress Introduced Feb 12, 2025

Summary

What This Bill Does

This joint resolution proposes the We the People-style amendment that constitutional rights are the rights of natural persons only. Corporations, limited liability companies, and other artificial entities would have privileges determined by federal, state, or local law rather than inherent constitutional rights. The amendment also directs federal, state, and local governments to regulate, limit, or prohibit campaign contributions and expenditures so money does not produce substantially greater political access, and it bars courts from treating election spending as First Amendment speech.

Who Benefits and How

Campaign finance reform advocates benefit because the amendment would let governments limit political spending more aggressively. Voters with less economic power benefit if contribution and expenditure limits reduce money-based access to candidates. State election regulators benefit from explicit constitutional permission to regulate campaign money and require disclosure. Local governments benefit from restored authority to regulate artificial entities under ordinary law.

Who Bears the Burden and How

Corporations lose constitutional-rights arguments against many federal, state, and local regulations. Political spending organizations lose First Amendment protection for election expenditures if the amendment is ratified. Courts must stop construing spending money to influence elections as speech under the First Amendment. Business associations must operate under privileges defined by statute rather than inherent constitutional rights.

Key Provisions

  • Provides that constitutional rights and privileges are rights of natural persons only.
  • Requires artificial entities to rely on privileges defined by federal, state, or local law.
  • Authorizes governments to regulate, limit, or prohibit campaign contributions and expenditures.
  • Bars courts from treating money spent to influence elections as First Amendment speech.

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

Proposes a constitutional amendment declaring that constitutional rights belong only to natural persons and authorizing governments to regulate political spending by artificial entities.

Key Policy Areas

Constitutional Amendment, Campaign Finance, Corporate Regulation

Primary Purpose

Proposes a constitutional amendment declaring that constitutional rights belong only to natural persons and authorizing governments to regulate political spending by artificial entities.

Policy Domains

Constitutional Amendment Campaign Finance Corporate Regulation

Resolution provisions

Identified Gains
  • Campaign finance reform advocates
  • Voters with less economic power
  • State election regulators
  • Local governments
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: ih
Local governments: ,
State election regulators: ,
Voters with less economic power: ,
Campaign finance reform advocates: ,
Identified Costs
  • Corporations
  • Political spending organizations
  • Courts
  • Business associations
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: ih
Courts: ,
Corporations: ,
Business associations: ,
Political spending organizations: ,

Legislative Progress

In Committee
Introduced Committee Passed
Feb 12, 2025

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Feb 12, 2025

Introduced in House

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Elections
3 mentions across 3 clauses
+3 positive

Campaign finance reform advocates

Government
3 mentions across 3 clauses
?3 uncertain

State election regulators

Small Business
3 mentions across 3 clauses
?3 uncertain

Corporations

Political Organizations
3 mentions across 3 clauses
-3 negative

Political spending organizations

3/4
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Constitutional Amendment Campaign Finance Corporate Regulation

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology