HJRES13-119

In Committee

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States limiting the pardon power of the President.

119th Congress Introduced Jan 9, 2025

Summary

What This Bill Does

This joint resolution proposes a constitutional limit on the pardon power. It would bar pardons and reprieves for the President, close relatives, current or former members of the President's administration, campaign staff, and certain matters connected to contempt of Congress or congressional testimony. Congress would have enforcement authority. The purpose is to prevent self-protection and loyalty-based pardons that undermine accountability.

Who Benefits and How

Congressional oversight committees benefit because the amendment protects investigations from pardon-based obstruction. Federal prosecutors benefit from less risk that covered defendants receive loyalty or self-protective pardons. Voters seeking executive accountability benefit from constitutional limits on the pardon power. Witnesses in congressional investigations benefit if contempt-related accountability cannot be erased by covered pardons.

Who Bears the Burden and How

Presidents lose pardon authority over themselves, close relatives, administration officials, campaign staff, and covered contempt matters. Presidential family members face higher criminal exposure if they cannot receive covered pardons. Administration officials and campaign staff lose a potential pardon safety valve. Courts must adjudicate disputes over whether a pardon falls within the amendment's covered categories.

Key Provisions

  • Proposes constitutional limits on presidential pardons and reprieves.
  • Bars covered pardons for self, close relatives, administration officials, campaign staff, and certain contempt matters.
  • Authorizes Congress to enforce the amendment by legislation.
  • Requires state ratification before the pardon limits bind future Presidents.

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

Proposes a constitutional amendment limiting presidential pardons and reprieves for the President, close relatives, administration officials, campaign staff, and certain contempt-related matters.

Key Policy Areas

Constitutional Amendment, Executive Power, Criminal Justice

Primary Purpose

Proposes a constitutional amendment limiting presidential pardons and reprieves for the President, close relatives, administration officials, campaign staff, and certain contempt-related matters.

Policy Domains

Constitutional Amendment Executive Power Criminal Justice

Resolution provisions

Identified Gains
  • Congressional oversight committees
  • Federal prosecutors
  • Voters seeking executive accountability
  • Congressional witnesses
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: ih
Federal prosecutors: ,
Congressional witnesses: ,
Congressional oversight committees: ,
Voters seeking executive accountability: ,
Identified Costs
  • Presidents
  • Presidential family members
  • Administration officials
  • Campaign staff
  • Courts
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: ih
Courts: ,
Presidents: ,
Campaign staff: ,
Administration officials: ,
Presidential family members: ,

Legislative Progress

In Committee
Introduced Committee Passed
Jan 9, 2025

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Jan 9, 2025

Introduced in House

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Government
6 mentions across 3 clauses
+3 positive -3 negative

Congressional oversight committees, Presidents

Positive-direction: Congressional oversight committees

Negative-direction: Presidents

Law Enforcement
3 mentions across 3 clauses
+3 positive

Federal prosecutors

Government Employees
3 mentions across 3 clauses
-3 negative

Administration officials

3/3
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Constitutional Amendment Executive Power Criminal Justice

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology