HJRES110-119

In Committee

Proposing a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

119th Congress Introduced Jul 23, 2025

Summary

What This Bill Does

This joint resolution proposes a constitutional balanced-budget rule with an explicit emergency exception. If ratified, Congress would generally have to keep expenditures within rules established by the amendment, but two-thirds of both the House and Senate could authorize spending above those limits for limited emergency periods. The practical effect would be a constitutional fiscal constraint with a supermajority escape valve for wars, disasters, recessions, or other emergencies.

Who Benefits and How

Federal taxpayers benefit if the amendment reduces routine deficit financing and debt accumulation. Balanced-budget advocacy organizations benefit because the proposal constitutionalizes fiscal restraint. Emergency-response programs benefit from an exception process that can authorize temporary deficit spending when two-thirds of both chambers agree. Congressional budget committees benefit from a clearer constitutional framework for enforcing spending rules.

Who Bears the Burden and How

Members of Congress must secure supermajority support before authorizing emergency spending above the limit. Federal agencies may face constrained appropriations outside emergency periods. Federal program beneficiaries may face benefit or service reductions if Congress uses cuts rather than revenue to balance. State legislatures must evaluate ratification of a major federal fiscal amendment.

Key Provisions

  • Proposes a constitutional balanced-budget rule for federal spending.
  • Requires two-thirds of both the House and Senate for limited emergency deficit spending.
  • Authorizes Congress to implement spending rules through constitutional enforcement legislation.
  • Changes fiscal-policy bargaining by making deficit exceptions harder than ordinary majority legislation.

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

Proposes a balanced budget amendment that allows two-thirds of the House and Senate to authorize emergency deficit spending for limited times.

Key Policy Areas

Budget, Constitutional Amendment

Primary Purpose

Proposes a balanced budget amendment that allows two-thirds of the House and Senate to authorize emergency deficit spending for limited times.

Policy Domains

Budget Constitutional Amendment

Resolution provisions

Identified Gains
  • Federal taxpayers
  • Balanced-budget advocacy organizations
  • Emergency-response programs
  • Congressional budget committees
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: ih
Federal taxpayers:
Emergency-response programs:
Congressional budget committees:
Balanced-budget advocacy organizations:
Identified Costs
  • Members of Congress
  • Federal agencies
  • Federal program beneficiaries
  • State legislatures
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: ih
Federal agencies:
State legislatures:
Members of Congress:
Federal program beneficiaries:

Legislative Progress

In Committee
Introduced Committee Passed
Jul 23, 2025

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Jul 23, 2025

Introduced in House

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Taxpayers
2 mentions across 2 clauses
+2 positive

Taxpayers

Emergency Management
2 mentions across 2 clauses
+2 positive

Emergency-response programs

Government
2 mentions across 2 clauses
-2 negative

Members of Congress

Social Welfare
2 mentions across 2 clauses
-2 negative

Federal program beneficiaries

2/3
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Budget Constitutional Amendment

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology