HJRES108-119

In Committee

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States providing that there is no immunity from criminal prosecution for an act on the grounds that such act was within the constitutional authority or official duties of an individual, and providing that the President may not grant a pardon to himself or herself.

119th Congress Introduced Jul 22, 2025

Summary

What This Bill Does

This joint resolution responds to criminal accountability questions for high federal officials. It proposes a constitutional rule that no officer of the United States, including the President, Vice President, Senators, and Representatives, is immune from criminal prosecution for otherwise valid federal-law violations merely because the act was within constitutional authority or official duties. It also states that the President has no power to pardon himself or herself.

Who Benefits and How

Federal criminal attorneys benefit from clearer authority to pursue official-act prosecutions without a constitutional immunity shield. Voters seeking official accountability benefit because the amendment limits criminal impunity for high federal officers. Congressional ethics and judiciary committees benefit from a constitutional standard for oversight of official misconduct. Courts benefit from direct constitutional text addressing official-act immunity and self-pardons.

Who Bears the Burden and How

Presidents, Vice Presidents, Senators, Representatives, and federal officers face increased criminal exposure for federal-law violations. Presidential legal offices must account for the loss of any self-pardon power. Defense attorneys for federal officials must litigate without relying on the covered immunity argument. State legislatures must decide whether to ratify a major accountability amendment.

Key Provisions

  • Provides a constitutional rule that federal officers are not immune from criminal prosecution for official-duty acts.
  • Requires the President, Vice President, Senators, and Representatives to face the no-immunity rule.
  • Prohibits the President from granting a self-pardon.
  • Bars official-duty status from serving as a criminal-immunity shield for otherwise valid federal-law violations.

Evidence Chain:

This summary is generated from the full bill text using AI analysis. Expand "Detailed Analysis" below for identified beneficiaries/burden bearers with clause-level evidence links.

At a Glance

What This Bill Does

Proposes a constitutional amendment removing official-act immunity from criminal prosecution for federal officers and barring presidential self-pardons.

Key Policy Areas

Constitutional Amendment, Criminal Justice, Executive Power

Primary Purpose

Proposes a constitutional amendment removing official-act immunity from criminal prosecution for federal officers and barring presidential self-pardons.

Policy Domains

Constitutional Amendment Criminal Justice Executive Power

Resolution provisions

Identified Gains
  • Federal criminal attorneys
  • Voter accountability organizations
  • Congressional ethics committees
  • Federal courts
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: ih
Federal courts: ,
Federal criminal attorneys: ,
Congressional ethics committees: ,
Voter accountability organizations: ,
Identified Costs
  • Presidential officers
  • Vice Presidential officers
  • Senate officers
  • House Representatives
  • Federal officers
  • Presidential legal offices
Model: codex-gpt-5 | Version: bill_summary_v2 | Source: ih
Senate officers: ,
Federal officers: ,
House Representatives: ,
Presidential officers: ,
Presidential legal offices: ,
Vice Presidential officers: ,

Legislative Progress

In Committee
Introduced Committee Passed
Jul 22, 2025

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Jul 22, 2025

Introduced in House

Stakeholder Effects

cui bono?

How this legislation distributes effects. Mention counts reflect frequency, not effect magnitude.

Government
6 mentions across 3 clauses
-6 negative

Presidential legal offices, Presidents

Law Enforcement
3 mentions across 3 clauses
+3 positive

Federal criminal attorneys

Government Employees
3 mentions across 3 clauses
-3 negative

Federal officers

3/5
sections analyzed
Full impact breakdown

Bill Structure & Actor Mappings

Who is "The Secretary" in each section?

Domains
Constitutional Amendment Criminal Justice Executive Power

We use a combination of our own taxonomy and classification in addition to large language models to assess meaning and potential beneficiaries. High confidence means strong textual evidence. Always verify with the original bill text.

Learn more about our methodology